...Research shows that fish respond to painful stimuli in a manner that is not just a simple reflex. In the article “Hooked on a Myth” by Victoria Braithwaite, biologists say “We shouldn’t be so quick to believe that fish don’t feel pain.” The Standing Committee of the European Convention for the Protection of Animals Kept for Farming Purposes explains, "The skin of the fish is the first line of defence against disease and provides protection from the environment. It contains sensory receptors for touch, pressure and pain." In his book Pleasurable Kingdom: Animals and the Nature of Feeling Good, animal behaviorist Jonathan Balcombe, explains how fish are falsely, yet "commonly denied feeling" perhaps because of "their relative lack of facial expression." He states: When they are impaled on a hook, fish don't scream or grimace, though their gaping mouths may evoke a look of shock or horror to the empathetic witness. Using facial expression as a guide for sentience is hardly valid when one considers that some of the most intelligent and highly sentient marine vertebrates namely the dolphins and whales also lack facial expression. However, animals have many other ways of visually signaling their feelings. Crests, dewlaps, mouth-pages, pupil dilation and contraction, color changes, and body postures and movements are among the many visual ways fish and other animals convey emotions. Water is also a potent medium for communicating through chemicals and sounds. Dr. Balcombe examines...
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...the Information Systems 6 Conclusion 7 Proposal Acceptance 8 Business Scope In order for The Brick and Mortar Record Store to develop further and provide our customers efficient ordering of merchandise, Brick and Mortar Record Store needs to take a step into the information systems world. This information system must also provide us with tools to effectively monitor and track our customer base and inventory. An information system can provide planning tools to manage daily operations and free the business owners to focus on strategic planning. It is essential to include a fully functional IS system, transaction processing system, office automation, MIS, supply chain, and an e-commerce platform for a truly integrated system. This type of information structure will assist in activity reports, credit card sales, payroll processing, and the accounting function to maintain the stores budget. In addition, we will have a user-friendly website for customers to sample new music from every genre and on-line customer service for assistance with orders and questions. Every customer can use the company’s website to download and stream music to their MP3 devices, Smartphones, and Tablets for easy access. Music also can be stored on a desktop or laptop,...
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...materials, cheaper labor costs and presence across the entire value chain gives India a competitive advantage. The FMCG market is set to treble from US$ 11.6 billion in 2003 to US$ 33.4 billion in 2015. Penetration level as well as per capita consumption in most product categories like jams, toothpaste, skin care, hair wash etc. Burgeoning Indian population, particularly the middle class and the rural segments, presents an opportunity to makers of branded products to convert consumers to branded products. Growth is also likely to come from consumer 'upgrading' in the matured product categories. With 200 million people expected to shift to processed and packaged food by 2012, India needs around US$ 28 billion of investment in the food-processing industry....
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...1. The process is a batch processing system of two band ovens. A list of cookies is delivered to the worker who is in charge of mixing the ingredients. The worker will carefully check the list and enters the list into the computer. The computer will automatically determine the list of ingredient portions and the ingredients are automatically ordered and sent to the mixing machines. When the batch is stirred completely then it will be sent to the cutting machine. The cookies are then dropped to the oven and if the cookies have fillings such as apples, dates, and raspberries an additional step is required. Once baking is completed the cookies are then cooled to a spiral cooling rack. The cookies are then thoroughly inspected and cookies that are defected are removed and the cookies that remain are then package, sealed and sent out. 2. Everything is automated and most of the cookies are non-filled and cut diagonal rather than round. This will cause less waste since they are cut diagonal. And the company place spending on extending the size of the oven by 25 feet. More cookies can be baked at one time which will increase production. 3. The company is making the right decision by manually packaging the cookies by workers. Packaging automatically can cause issues in the amount of cookies being distributed or defective cookies may not be detected at times. Efficiency may not play an excellent role in packaging if automation is used. All companies have an ethical...
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...Agro Industry Scenario | An Introduction The agro industry is regarded as an extended arm of agriculture. The development of the agro industry can help stabilise and make agriculture more lucrative and create employment opportunities both at the production and marketing stages. The broad-based development of the agro-products industry will improve both the social and physical infrastructure of India. Since it would cause diversification and commercialization of agriculture, it will thus enhance the incomes of farmers and create food surpluses. The agro-industry mainly comprises of the post-harvest activities of processing and preserving agricultural products for intermediate or final consumption. It is a well-recognized fact across the world, particularly in the context of industrial development, that the importance of agro-industries is relative to agriculture increases as economies develop. It should be emphasized that ‘food’ is not just produce. Food also encompasses a wide variety of processed products. It is in this sense that the agro-industry is an important and vital part of the manufacturing sector in developing countries and the means for building industrial capacities. | | | The agro Industry is broadly categorised in the following types: (i) Village Industries owned and run by rural households with very little capital investment and a high level of manual labour; products include pickles, papad, etc. (ii) Small scale industry characterized by...
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...INFO 101 / ILP104 FOUNDATIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS An Introduction to Information Systems (IS) W eek 1 - Lecture Notes (Chapter 1 of text book) Contents Concepts of Information System s (IS) Com ponents of an IS Data vs Inform ation Characteristics of Valuable Information What is a System ? What is a Model ? Com puter-Based IS (CBIS) Technology Infrastructure Business Inform ation System s (BIS) Special-Purpose BIS 1 Concepts of Information Systems (IS) IS are ev erywhere! e.g ? ATM ¨ cash withdrawal / deposit, check balance, transfer m oney to another A/c ? Internet ¨ online trading, searching, etc.. ? Touch N Go system, Movie Ticketing System ? HandPhone, PDA, ? scanners, bar codes,etc.. ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ Can we live without IS ??? What is an IS ? - a s et of interr elat ed c om pon ents th at c ollect, manipu late, an d diss emin at e dat a/inf orm ation an d pr ovide a f eedback m ech anism t o m eet an objective. Com pon ent s of an IS collect manipulate disseminate f eedback Components of an IS ? Input (I/P) ¨ the activity of collecting, capturing or gathering of raw data. E.g to produce a paycheck for an em ployee ? No. of hours work, h ourly r at e ¨ can be m anual or autom atic ¨ input device i.e. scanner, keyboard etc.. 2 Components of an IS ¡ c o n t¡ ? Process ¨ the activity of manipulating, converting or transforming data into useful outputs. ¨ involves calculations...
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...Case Analysis Nestle Group 3 11 February 2010 David Chol, Whitney Drost, Raynard Geason, Sarah Laborde, Casey Landers, Darren McNeely, Vanessa Robicheaux, Nicholas Knight, Taylor Mendel, Jonathan Bush, John Priola, William Ratcliff Table of Contents Introduction 3 Goals 3 Constraints 3 Through the years, Nestle has emerged as a multi-national company that serves as a brand in itself as well as an umbrella company for many well recognized processed food commodity brands. Nestle was established in 1867, with the distribution of its first product, a dehydrated baby food; this product quickly made the company profitable. Through a series of well-coordinated mergers and the growth of a vast selection of innovative food products, Nestle became the global giant it is today. Nestle’s success can be attributed to its deep agricultural supply chain, strong local market teams, hiring from within, and long tenured CEOs. Nestle has become the epitome of innovation and success in the retail food product industry. In 1996 Nestle established the Nestle Environmental Management System (NEMS) in an attempt to produce more environmentally friendly products. NEMS required innovative eco-design in the company’s products and activities, and gave preference...
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...Galore Industry Overview Global Processed Food Industry Indian Processed Food Industry Processed Food Industry - A Sunrise sector Where the opportunity lies- areas for investment Industry Analysis Driving Forces Major Challenges Indian Food Processing Industry by sectors Diary Fruits and Vegetable Grains Meat and Poultry Fish Packaged/Convenience Food Aerated Soft Drinks, Packaged drinking water Exports FDI in Food Processing Government Regulation and support Regulatory framework Outlook Initiating Coverage Lakshmi Energy & Foods Ruchi Soya Analyst - Nisha Harchekar nishaharchekar@way2wealth.com Sectors - FMCG, Pharma, Entertainment WAY2WEALTH Securities Pvt. Ltd., 15/A Chander Mukhi, Nariman Point, Mumbai - 400 021. Tel: +91 22 4019 2900 email: research@way2wealth.com website: www.way2wealth.com Indian Processed Food Industry Sector Coverage Opportunities Galore Executive Summary The size of global processed food industry is estimated to be valued around US $3.6 trillion and accounts for three-fourth of the global food sales. Despite its large size, only 6% of processed foods are traded across borders compared to 16% of major bulk agricultural commodities. Indian food-processing industry is miniscule in comparison and is estimated to be US $40 billion and is likely to grow at over 10%, on the basis of an expected GDP growth rate of 8-8.5% p.a. R uchi Soya FY09(E) CMP (Rs) Marketcap (Rs crores) PE (x) Mktcap/sales...
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...Describe the characteristics of transaction processing systems and the role they play in business [15] A transaction process system refers to an information processing system for business transactions that involves the collection, modification and retrieval of all transaction data of an organization .It can also referred to as an event that generates or modifies data that is eventually stored in an information system. A transaction process system also monitors transaction programs, a special kind of programmes, manages data that must be left in a consistent state for example if an electronic payment is made, the amount must be either both withdrawn from one account and added to the other, or none at all. In case of a failure preventing transaction completion, the partially executed transaction must be rolled back by the transaction process system. Characteristics of transaction process systems Rapid Response It has fast performance with a rapid response time is critical. Businesses cannot afford to have customers waiting for a TPS to respond, the turnaround time from the input of the transaction to the production for the output must be a few seconds or less. Reliability Many organisations rely heavily on their TPS; a breakdown will disrupt operations or even stop the business. For a TPS to be effective its failure rate must be very low. If a TPS does fail, then quick and accurate recovery must be possible. This makes well–designed backup and recovery procedures essential...
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...The information processing theory is an approach to the cognitive development of a human being, which deals with the study and the analysis of the sequence of events that occur in a person’s mind while receiving some new piece of information. (Schraw, 2003-2009). The components of the information processing theory are sensory memory, long term memory, and short term memory. The sensory memory is that part of the mental processing unit that receives all information and then stores it temporarily or permanently. Sensory memory processes incoming sensory information for very brief periods of time, usually on the order of 1/2 to 3 seconds. (Schraw, 2003-2009).The amount of information held at any given moment in sensory memory is limited to five to seven discrete elements such as letters of the alphabet or pictures of human faces. (Schraw, 2003-2009). The sensory preceptors of a human being function in the same way as the hardware of a computer does, and the mindset and the rules and strategies adopted by the person while learning is equivalent to the software used by computers. The main purpose of sensory memory is to screen incoming stimuli and process only those stimuli that are most relevant at the present time. The information processing system of a person can be enhanced if these preceptors and rules are altered. (Schraw, 2003-2009). Short term memory is that part of the sensory register where the information is stored temporarily. Once the decision has been made regarding the...
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...FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY SNEHA AGRAWAL 1226113152 SUMMARY India’s food processing sector is small and its share in exports of processed food in world trade has remained at about 1.5 percent or $3.2 billion. Food processing industry in India is increasingly seen as a potential source for driving the rural economy as it brings about synergy between the consumer, industry and agriculture. productivity with slow adoption of technology. On the Infrastructure front, we have supply chain and wastage related problems and low levels of value addition etc. The other issues of concern, holding this sector back are impaired access to credit,inconsistency in state and central polices,which requires , low standards and lack of adequate manpower . White Revolution has benefited the rural areas of our country considerably, the revolution may not be sustained beyond a point because of the lack of purchasing power of the poor Indians The Government of India has allowed 100 per cent FDI under the automatic route in the food processing sector and taken various other measures to improve and expand the industry. INTRODUCTION The Indian food processing industry stands at $135 billion and is estimated to grow with a CAGR of 10 per cent to reach $200 billion by 2015. The food processing industry contributed...
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...Mohammad R. Zaman BUSN 412 Prof. Auguste November 18, 2012 Cofounder and former chief executive officer Joseph Fedele was able to bring a wealth of experience in New York City’s food industry to Fresh Direct. Fresh Direct offers online grocery shopping and delivery service to more than 300 zip codes in Manhattan, Queens, Brooklyn, Nassau County, Riverdale, Westchester, select areas of Staten Island, New Jersey, and parts of Connecticut. Fresh Direct is a company that allows you to order your food online and get next day delivery, their motto is “Our Food is fresh, our customers are spoiled. Order on the web today and get next-day delivery of the best food at the best price, exactly the way you want it with 100% satisfaction guaranteed.” The primary business is to allow customers to order their food online and avoid going to a grocery store they can buy anything they want online and you can have it delivered to your house. Key players would be the people who launched the business in 2001 Joseph Fedele and Jason Ackerman. Many companies have fallen online with the grocery service and they boldly stated they were the “greatest way to shop for food” this again was a bold statement in many of these chains have fallen. Company launched in 2001 and by 2011 you had to have a order of 30$ with a delivery fee associated with it. The company started to fall apart when the competition start to raise in the industry that is when they started offering local grown and organic but...
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...Different Change Detection Techniques Table of Contents Introduction...................................................3 Digital Change Detection Process...............................4 Description of the most commonly used change detection methods.5 I. Post-Classification Comparison..........................5 II. Direct Classification...................................6 III. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)......................6 IV. Image Differencing......................................8 V. Change Vector Analysis (CVA)............................9 Relative accuracy of the most commonly used change detection methods........................................................9 I. Post-Classification Comparison.........................10 II. Direct Classification..................................11 III. Principal Component Analysis (PCA).....................11 IV. Image Differencing.....................................12 V. Change Vector Analysis (CVA) Conclusion....................................................14 References....................................................15 Introduction Remote sensing change detection has been defined as the process of identifying change in the state of an object or phenomena through the detection of differences between two or more sets of images taken of the same area on different dates (Wang, 1993). The underlying assumption is that changes on the ground cause significant changes...
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...Introduction Premier Foods is a renowned name in UK food manufacturing industry that has several market leading brands under its umbrella producing Items of Bakery, Desserts, Instant Meals, Sauces and variety of other categories. Over the period of time, they acquired several brands in order to expand their customer base and revenue. For the sake of operating effectiveness, the business is categorized in two layers “Groceries” and “Hovis”. Groceries division handle the entire groceries market and thus responsible for nearly a market share of 6.8%. Hovis handles the bakery division with its strong influence in the Bread market. Premier foods is in a downward projectile growth with excessive debt and started to lose its position as a market leader, reasons behind that shall be discussed by showing the financial history for Premier Foods and suggest strategies that Premier Foods need to implement in order to enhance its revenues and position in market. Premier Foods Background The company was founded in 1981 when Hillsdown Holdings purchased Lockwood’s Foods. Then named as Hillsdown Ltd. The company dealt with canning fruit and vegetables and carbonated drinks. In 1983 Hillsdown Ltd. acquired TKM Foods including Smedley’s canned and frozen fruit and vegetables. In 1985 they acquired meat canning of Robert Wilson. In 1986 they acquired John Morell & Co Ltd. who was into the fruit and vegetable canning as well and also had pet food business at Bardney, Lincs. This factory...
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... Kashimada, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki 21 1, Japan Abstract An expert system for vision algorithm design is presented. Its knowledge-base includes human experts' knowledge about image processing techniques, and is capable of solving given vision problems. As a problem domain, we choose vision algorithms for a parts-feeder, which determines the attitude of mechanical parts on a conveyor-belt and rejects parts with inappropriate attitudes. The expert system for parts feeder is designed to consist of three components: FSE (Feature selection expert), IPE (Image processing expert), DTG (Decision tree generator). The knowledge for vision algorithm design to determine parts attitude is discussed. A framework to represent knowledge for finding solutions for pattern classificationproblem is established. 1. Introduction Recently, several expert systems for image processing have been investigated[1][2][3]. Their knowledge-basesinclude human experts' knowledge about image processing techniques, and can generate a sequence of image processing operations to solve the given problem. DIA-Expert system (Digital-Image-Analysis Expert System)[4] is a typical example. When an input image and the goal of analysis are given, it continues to decompose the goal into subgoals until the sequence of executable image processing modules could be found. Here, we apply this framework to the algorithm design for an industrial machine vision[5]. Machine vision systems for advanced automation must solve problems...
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