...Metallurgical Science & Engineering, Central South University, South Street of Yuelu, 932, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China article info Article history: Received 16 January 2009 Received in revised form 23 July 2009 Accepted 26 July 2009 Available online 28 August 2009 Keywords: Zinc Substance flow analysis “STAF” model Life cycle Resource recycling abstract A material stock and flow (STAF) model was constructed to track the pathway of zinc in China, 2006, for the study of the industrial metabolism of a certain metal within a regional level. The primary flows of zinc include production, fabrication and manufacturing, use, and waste management. This paper traces the major flows of zinc from ore, to product, to potential secondary resource as it moves through the China’s economy over 1 year, and inventory data, and mass balance equations were used to determine the quantity of flows. The domestic ore produced was 3248.3 Gg and output of refined lead ingot was 3162.7 Gg in 2006. It was calculated that, in the production and manufacture and fabrication stage, the self-supply efficiency of zinc raw materials in 2006 is 87.58% and 94.92%, respectively. The results reveal that China has richer zinc raw resources. But only about 3.68% and 9.06% of the discarded zinc in the two stages were recycled, respectively. While zinc’s residence time can be high for many of its applications in the building and construction sector, since the majority of zinc is used as an anti-corrosion...
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...(FORM – V) (See rule 14) Environmental Statement for the financial year ending the 31st March, 2014. PART – A 1. Name and address of the owner/occupier of the industry operation or process : Shyam Century Ferrous (A Division of Star Ferro and Cement Ltd.) Owner: Sri. Sajjan Bhajanka 6 Lyons Range, 1st Floor Kolkata – 700001 2. Industry category: Large Scale. 3. Production Capacity: Ferro Silicon 21600 MTPA (After Expansion of one - 9 MVA Furnace) 4. Year of establishment: 2001. 5. Date of the last environmental statement submitted: 8th May, 2013 Part – B Water and Raw Material Consumption. 1. Water consumption m3/d Process: None. Cooling: 1190.5 m³/day for 24 hrs. running. Domestic: 56.69 m³/day. PART – B 2. Raw Material consumption Name of Raw material Name of product Consumption of Raw Material per MT of Alloy 2012-13 2013-14 Quartz Ferro Silicon 1.870 1.820 Charcoal Ferro Silicon 0.886 0.558 Mill Scale Ferro Silicon 0.303 0.340 Metallurgical Coke Ferro Silicon 0.504 0.655 Scrap Ferro Silicon Nil Nil Steam Coal Ferro Silicon 0.066 Nil Super Screen Coal Ferro Silicon Nil Nil Chocolate Coal Ferro Silicon 0.018 0.023 Dolomite Ferro Silicon 0.001 0.002 Fire Wood Ferro Silicon 0.001 0.003 Wood Blocks Ferro Silicon 0.028 0.033 Flour Spar Ferro...
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...Global Technology Jeffrey Heffron MGT/230 July 21, 2014 Professor Joe Cheng Global Technology After reading the assignment Jeff realizes he has no experience of how any organization defines the four functions of business, or is affected by globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, or ethics, but he will try to explain his understanding of the four functions of management and what he thinks the affects would be to an organization by using his experience as an employee in metal fabrication years ago at Suncoast Non-Ferrous Castings. Although the company is inactive at this time, Jeff will explain what he thinks he would have done to promote the company’s future to keep up with competition (Florida Companies USA, 2014). Jeff spent a couple years working for the aluminum foundry where he made molds for aluminum parts for numerous companies throughout the country. One of the major contracts was with Harley Davidson making numerous crank case decorations and other cover plates. To begin with, Jeff would use the four functions of management by planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the business in the foundry. He would install an Internet system to promote globalization, one of the most important goals of the company, by designing and advertising a website to receive feedback from customers while using technology to develop a platform where a business has the advancement potential to expand worldwide (Bateman, 2011). He would also program the company with...
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...Global Technology Jeffrey Heffron MGT/230 July 21, 2014 Professor Joe Cheng Global Technology After reading the assignment Jeff realizes he has no experience of how any organization defines the four functions of business, or is affected by globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, or ethics, but he will try to explain his understanding of the four functions of management and what he thinks the affects would be to an organization by using his experience as an employee in metal fabrication years ago at Suncoast Non-Ferrous Castings. Although the company is inactive at this time, Jeff will explain what he thinks he would have done to promote the company’s future to keep up with competition (Florida Companies USA, 2014). Jeff spent a couple years working for the aluminum foundry where he made molds for aluminum parts for numerous companies throughout the country. One of the major contracts was with Harley Davidson making numerous crank case decorations and other cover plates. To begin with, Jeff would use the four functions of management by planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the business in the foundry. He would install an Internet system to promote globalization, one of the most important goals of the company, by designing and advertising a website to receive feedback from customers while using technology to develop a platform where a business has the advancement potential to expand worldwide (Bateman, 2011). He would also program the company with...
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...turnover being 0.67% (Previous Year 0.81%) of the total turnover of the Company. There are no reportable geographical segments. All assets are located in India. Management: The company management includes: Shekhar Bajaj Harsh Vardhan Goenka Ashok Jalan V. B. Haribhakti Madhur Bajaj Chairman And Managing Director Director Director Director Director Plant: the company has manufacturing plants at Chan & Ranjangaon in Pune district and a wind energy unit at Satara. The company has installed capacity of 800,000 fans per annum, 300,000 units of magneto assemblies, 25,000 units of parts and accessories for magneto, 25,000 electric motors and power generation capacity of 2.8 MW per annum. Raw material: The key raw materials for the products manufactured by BEL are...
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...Introduction of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries:- Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., Japan's largest shipbuilding and machinery maker, is a mammoth company involved in an array of industrial concerns. With nearly 150 subsidiaries, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) operates in 11 key sectors--Shipbuilding, Nuclear Energy Systems, General Machinery and Components, Paper and Printing Machinery, Steel Structures and Construction, Machinery and Plants, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems, Machine Tools, Power Systems, Aerospace Systems, and Industrial Machinery--and produces everything from cruise ships and oil tankers, to construction machinery, newsprint machines, turbines, airplanes, gasoline engines, and gear cutting machines. The company also builds nuclear power plants, bridges, and sports stadiums. MHI traces its history back to the latter part of the 19th century, and has demonstrated its ability to withstand periodic downturns in the Japanese economy..MIT operated in more than 35 countries. Company Vision:- Introducing Our Creed. Company Mission:- For more than a century, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries has been supplying the world with some of its greatest technological innovations, creating symphonic harmony between nations and a more comfortable world for mankind. At the beginning of this new millenium, an exciting new era of challenges and successes lies ahead of us, an aeon in which we will continue to create harmony between men...
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...upstream to maximize contact time Purpose of Coagulation and Flocculation Remove particulate impurities, especially non-settleable solids, and color from the water being treated. Non-Settleable solids include colloidal material that exhibits slightly negative charges repelling one another and staying in suspension. These contain microbes including pathogens Pretreatment Considerations in the Coagulation/Flocculation Process Factors that May Dictate Pretreatment – Leaves, plant material and silt – Seasonal raw water quality changes caused by drought, high water or temperature changes – Potential upstream pollution – Wind conditions – Algae blooms – Bacterial problems Removal of Turbidity by Coagulation & Production of Floc Particle Removal by Coagulation: Neutralization of repulsive charges Precipitation with sticky flocs Bridging of suspended matter Providing “agglomeration sites” for larger floc Weighting down of floc particles Factors Affecting the Coagulation Process pH (pH Range: Al, 5 – 7.5 ; Fe, 5 – 8.5); Alkalinity of water (> 30 PPM residual) Concentration of Salts (affect efficiency) Turbidity (constituents and concentration) Type of Coagulant used (Al and Fe salts) Temperature (colder requires more mixing) Adequacy of mixing (dispersion of chemical) Primary Coagulants Primary coagulants are lime, aluminum sulfate (alum), ferrous sulfate, ferric sulfate and ferric chloride. These inorganic salts will react with the alkalinity in the water to form...
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...Molding Methods Molding process is used to create intricate metal components. The mold material used to make these “molds” could be either temporary or permanent. Temporary molds are made up of refractory sands and resins. The temporary mold has to be broken to retrieve the cast. Permanent molds are made of ferrous materials and are normally employed for casting low melting point materials but this process is too costly. Because of this conundrum, most of the foundry industry has its castings produced using temporary mold materials. Compared to permanent molds, the temporary sand molds can cast high melting point materials and larger parts, while permanent molds can produce small castings of better quality and dimensional accuracy. Sand casting uses temporary sand molds to form complex metal components that can be made of almost any alloy. Sand casting has a relatively lower production rate as each time the part solidifies, the mold has to be broken to retrieve the part. The sand casting process makes use of a furnace, metal, pattern, and sand mold. The metal is melted in the furnace, ladled, and then poured into the cavity of the...
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...Laboratory. ABSTRACT This study endeavored to improve sustained productivity of mass cultivated marine microalgae by using limitation of iron, a vital micronutrient, to create a growth medium that would prevent the growth of non-predatory invasive organisms. Iron’s aqueous chemistry is quite complex, and much of this study is focused on the chemical transformations of iron chelates and iron salts in the growth medium my group developed for Nannochloropsis oculata.. This algae has been identified ,because of its high proportion of unsaturated lipids, as a promising candidate for biofuels, specialty chemicals, and protein rich animal feed. Nannochloropsis oculata. also promises to be resource efficient as the cell’s small size ,and minimal agitation requirement, minimizes the loss of inorganic carbon through escaping CO2. The cells were grown in four different media (iron free, 30uM FeEDTA, 10um ferrous sulfate, and a combination of the two). The growth of the N oculata. was primarily measured using optical density testing during the logarithmic growth phase. After one week of growth the highest biomass density, 0.86, observed in the culture grown in 30uM ferric EDTA, was more than 2.5 times the lowest, 0.333, which was found in the culture containing 10uM ferrous sulfate, and substantially more than...
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...Contact For Information A report by KPMG for IBEF 2 4 9 12 13 17 18 Market Overview The metal industry is a key sector in the Indian economy as it meets the requirements of a wide range of important industries such as engineering, electrical and electronics, infrastructure, automobile and automobile components, packaging etc. The metal industry consists of two major groups: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. Non-ferrous metals, which include aluminium, copper, zinc, lead, nickel and tin, are used to make alloys, castings, forgings, extrusions, wires, cables, pipes, etc., and find their application in a number of sectors such as agriculture, infrastructure facilities like power plants, automobiles, railways, telecommunications, building and construction and in engineering and chemical plants. There are significant reserves of non-ferrous metal ores in India. India is rich in bauxite (aluminium ore) and has grades of zinc, lead and copper reserves. Copper, lead and zinc are also imported as scrap or concentrates to be processed by secondary/custom smelters. Nickel and tin are also imported by India. Ferrous metals primarily consist of iron and different varieties of steel. Indian steel industry has shown strong performance in the recent past in terms of production, capacity utilisation, exports and consumption. India is now a major competitor among steel producers in the world. The sSteel industry contributes 1.3 per cent to India’s GDP and accounts for 10 per cent in Excise Duty...
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...pattern would produce undersize casting. When a pattern is prepared, certain allowances are given on the sizes specified in the drawing so that the finished and machined casting produced from the pattern will conform to the specified sizes. While designing pattern, the allowances commonly considered are discussed below. 1. Shrinkage Allowance Generally metals shrink in size during solidification and cooling in the mould. So casting becomes smaller than the pattern and the mould cavity. Therefore, to compensate for this, mould and the pattern should be made larger than the casting by the amount of shrinkage. The amount of compensation for shrinkage is called the shrinkage allowance. Generally shrinkage of casting varies not only with material but also with shape, thickness, casting temperature, mould temperature, and mould strength. Therefore, it is better to determine the amount of shrinkage according to the past record obtained from many experiences. Table 1.2 shows an average amount of shrinkage for important cast metals. Table 1.2 Typical shrinkage allowances for important casting metals Type of metal Amount of shrinkage (%) Grey cast irons 0.55-1.00 White cast irons 2.10 Malleable cast irons 1.00 Steels 2.00 Manganese steel 2.60 Magnesium 1.80 Type of metal Zinc Brasses Bronzes Aluminium Aluminium alloys Tin Amount of shrinkage (%) 2.60 1.30-1.55 1.05-2.10 1.65 1.30-1.60 2.00 In practice, pattern makers use a special rule or scale, called the “pattern maker’s contraction...
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...3D Printing Technology To anyone who hasn’t seen it demonstrated, 3-D printing sounds space-age, like the meals that turn up in the Jetson’s oven at the touch of a keypad. The technology is quite straightforward and is a small evolutionary step from spraying toner on paper to putting down layers of something more substantial (such as plastic resin) until the layers add up to an object. And yet, by enabling a machine to produce objects of any shape, on the spot and as needed, 3-D printing really is leading in a new era. (Barnatt, 2013) The use of 3D printing is quickly becoming a very affordable option for producing physical objects. The term ‘‘3D printing’’ covers a number of closely related technologies, all of which produce a 3-dimensional physical object from a computer model by building it up in successive layers. These technologies were developed primarily for use in rapid prototyping for industrial design; they allow a designer to convert a computer model of a prototype into a physical object quickly in comparison to most previously available technologies. (Massis, 2013) The 3D printers use standard inkjet printing technology to create parts layer-by-layer by depositing a liquid binder onto thin layers of powder. Instead of feeding paper under the print heads like a 2D printer, a 3D printer moves the print heads over a bed of powder upon which it prints the cross-sectional data sent from the 3D printer software. The 3d printing system requires...
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...Advantages of Foundry Filter in Casting Ceramic Foundry Filter is made from top quality material that is utilized in release of temperature in various levels. For its higher durability, precision, and increased tensile strength like features, its applications are gradually increasing. These products are more conventional in casting and other industrial use. It is capably increasing the productivity of the plants. These filters are now being manufactured and sold globally. Applications of Ceramic Foundry Filter: In last few years many developments through these filters made it versatile. Also the competitive pricing and enhanced features made it the ultimate choice for many complex tasks. The major advantages of ceramic foam filters include...
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...Materials and Processes Homework, Chapter 8 Review Questions Deborah Williams 10052014 1. Die casting needs more machining, 2 types, less likely are the shell process and the Shaw Process. 2. Wax and plaster of paris, jelly, sand. Shell molds use sand and plastic resin. Polystyrene in evaporative casting process. 3. Draft or taper 4. When metal solidifies from liquid it shrinks in inches/feet depending on metal. You have to leave enough extra metal to allow for shrinkage and machining. 5. Cores are the center (void) of a part. Used to produce a desired cavity. Mostly by compacting a sand mixture into the core box and curing it. 6. A crane hook needs to be able to safely handle a lot of weight, so I would use steel because it is stronger than cast iron and cast iron is a lot more brittle. 7. I would choose grey cast iron because the housing is a non-weight bearing part, it just needs to keep grease in and dirt out. The cast iron would be much cheaper to make and it doesn’t need to be remachined after either. Reducing production and labor cost. 8. I would use the shell process of sand casting. It will be much less expensive to make the molds, they can be re-used, and there would be no machining afterwards providing labor savings. 9. Used with permanent molds to make a shell of metal in the mold. Metal is poured in and allowed to solidify for a certain amount of time, used for hollow parts, not necessarily for strength. 10. Centrifugal...
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...Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Mechanical Engineering A PROJECT REPORT ON “DIE CASTING” SUBMITTED BY: Shrimali Yagnesh (05 ME 114) Patel Dixit (05 ME 87) GUIDED BY: Professor Adil Khan DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL Murajmalani Lalit (06 ME 79) Parul Institute of Engineering & Technology Mechanical Engineering ACADEMIC YEAR-20009-2010 CERTIFICATE TO WHOM SO EVER IT MAY CONCERN This is to certify that following students of B.E.8th Semester (Mechanical Engineering) have satisfactorily completed their project on “DIE CASTING” Sr. No 01 02 03 Name of Student Shrimali Yagnesh Dixit Patel Murajmalani Lalit Roll No. 05 ME 114 05 ME 87 06 ME 79 Guided By: Adil Khan Lecturer (Mechanical Engg.) Prof. Hitesh Bhargav H.O.D (Mechanical Engg.) PARUL INSTITTUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY P.O. Limda, Ta: Waghodia, Dist: Vadodara CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION HISTORY: □ Casting or founding is one of the oldest manufacturing processes which date back to approximately 4000 B.C. □ The manufacture and use of castings can be traced both in ancient and modern history. □ The first foundry centre came into existence in the China. □ Earliear to that founding was an Art and a craft with all its secrets confined to certain families. □ The middle part of the 20th century saw marked developments in founding. Newer techniques came into existence, the casting phenome none could be understood better, more and more young men took intrest...
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