...Non-Parental Childcare First, we must look at what is non-parental childcare? Non-parental childcare is defined as care a child receives that is not from a mother, father or guardian and includes the use of daycare provider inside or outside the home by relative, non-relative, nursery school or preschool. In this paper the examination of three types of non-parental childcare and the analyzing of the influence non-parental childcare has on psychological, social and cognitive development. In today’s society parent are pursuing their careers and working outside of the homes. There is a demand for children to be taken care of while parents are working in order to provide for their families. When parents have to work in order to provided financially for their family non-parental childcare is needed. Parents seek different types of care, depending on their working hours, affordability, and the quality of childcare offered. Not all non-parental daycare offer the same benefits in hours, rates or quality of care needed. The first two types of non-parental childcare are daycare center providers and family daycare providers where children from six weeks to eleven years of age can attend these facilities. These types of facilities are licensed and monitored by the State and there are certain guidelines and rules that must be followed by either facility. Parents have guidelines that they must follow pertaining to the center expectation from the parent. The staff-child ratio varies...
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...Non-Parental Childcare: Understanding How it Affects Children Patricia L. Johnson SOC 312 Instructor Okantey May 21, 2012 Non-Parental Childcare: Understanding How it Affects Children There are many different types of childcare available in society today and most are much different than childcare that was experienced a few decades ago. Today’s parents are having to work outside the home more than ever before and need others to help care for their children while they are at work. Non-parental childcare comes in to play at this point. Non-parental childcare is childcare that is provided for children that comes from someone other than the child’s parents. (Berns, 2013) Non-parental childcare usually comes in three main types, child-care centers, family day-care homes, and in-home care: nannies. (Berns, 2013) These three types can include a variety of subtypes of non-parental childcare, including having a friend or relative watch a child, hiring a sitter, using a neighborhood cooperative to care for children, using a childcare (commonly known as a daycare center or preschool program) center, hiring an in-home nanny, or using before and/or after school programs. Non-parental childcare that takes place in daycare centers or preschool programs and most in-home nannies that are hired usually have been trained in how to care for a child. All types of non-parental childcare contribute to the socialization of children, as well as enhancing other areas...
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...POSITION PAPER ON THE PROPOSED ORDINANCE Human rights standards prohibit all forms of corporal punishment. Hitting people violates their fundamental rights to respect for their physical integrity and human dignity, as set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Children are people too and equal holders of human rights. This is confirmed in the United Nations Convention on the Right of the Child, the first international instrument to require protection of children from “all forms of physical or mental violence” (article 19). The Committee on the Rights of the Child, Treaty Body for the Conventions, has consistently interpreted it as requiring condemnation and prohibition of all corporal punishment, in the home, in schools, in institutions, in alternative care system and in all other settings. Corporal punishment is defined as the deliberate infliction of pain and suffering, including humiliating or degrading punishments and other forms of violence against children in order to change their behavior or to punish them. It consists of acts that are intended to inflict physical or emotional pain on the children because of an offense that they have committed. It usually pertains to the use of physical force with the intention of causing some degree of pain or discomfort no matter how light. However, there are other non-physical forms of punishment that are equally cruel and reprehensible. These could...
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...Unit 2 Project Philippe Francois the problem of juvenile Delinquency This paper explains that juvenile delinquency, it will make the argument on how to reduce it and bring light to this problem which is fast becoming one of the largest problems facing urban America. It can lead to law-breaking juvenile, which often can lead to adult lives as career criminals. Over the years experts have given us many theories on the causes of juvenile delinquency, including one's economic background, parents level of education and abuse in the home, gangs organizations, repeated neighborhood delinquents, increased availability of weapons and new technology violent games have something to do with the growing of our young people getting in trouble and becoming part of the juvenile delinquent system. However in my opinion the number one cause of juvenile delinquency is the breakdown of families, including lack of parental control over their children. It is ironic in America, in todays age, a person must poses a driver's license to operate a vehicle, a permit to own a gun and even a license to have a pet, but one does not have to have proper training or a license in order to become a parent. Without specialized educational or programs in child development and parenting, many of our future parents will not have a chance at becoming successful parents and worse, many of todays parents are already contributing to the increasing problem of juvenile delinquency simply by not knowing how to raise...
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...Parental Rights and Roles BSHS 342 May 9, 2011 Parental Rights and Roles Parenting is a task that has gone on for generations and helps prepare the next generation for physical, emotional, economic, and social situations. Parents have a major influence in the development of children. The parent-child relationship exerts the most significant and compelling influence on his or her children’s development during childhood. Factors in society today, like poverty, unemployment, urbanization, increased population growth, increase in crimes and drug use, and the break up of the traditional family unit has families in a state of flux and re-definition. The results of these society-wide changes have many debilitating influences on parenthood, the parent-child relationship and the child’s development. In the following paragraphs is an overview of parental rights and roles in different parental settings, like single parents, grandparents, foster parents, and incarcerated women. Rights and Roles of the Single Parent The roles and responsibilities of single parents can be complicated for both single mothers and fathers. The situations are difficult no matter if the single parents are on opposite sides of a divorce, if it were the parent's choice to have a child on his or her own, or if it is a result of a death. According to (Burgess, 1970), the single-parent family is an ever-increasing phenomenon in contemporary American society. The goal of concerned, conscientious...
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...* , Mauro Luís Vieira ABSTRACT This study evaluated gender and birth order as moderating variables of parenting practices and perception of parental preference from the point of view of the children. Participated in the survey 322 adolescents between 13 and 17 years. Parenting Styles Inventory (ESI) and a questionnaire developed by the authors: two instruments for data collection were used. Data were analyzed by non-parametric statistics (MannWhitney and Kruskal-Wallis). By analyzing the results, it was found that: (a) the gender of the children interferes significantly in rates of parenting style, (b) the first-born had significantly higher risk of suffering from negative parenting practices, and (c) the perception of preference parenting is influenced by gender and birth order of the children. Keywords: Gender, Birth Order, Parental Educational Practices. ABSTRACT This study Aimed at Assessing gender and birth order influence on parenting and Perceived parental favoritism from the children perspective. The participants were 322 adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years old. Two instruments were used to collect data - Parenting Styles Inventory and a questionnaire developed by the authors. Nonparametrical statistics (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis) were used to analyze the data Obtained.Results have shown that: (a) child gender has Significant influence on the score of parenting styles, (b) firstborn girls present Significantly higher risk of suffering negative...
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...OF DIVORCE ON CHILDREN A Selected Literature Review Research and Statistics Division October 1997 WD1998-2e UNEDITED The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Justice Canada. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 2.0 LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH .............................................................. 3 3.0 FACTORS AFFECTING CHILDREN’S POSTDIVORCE ADJUSTMENT ................. 6 3.1 Child Characteristics............................................................................ 6 3.1.1 Gender ................................................................................. 6 3.1.2 Age at Divorce ....................................................................... 8 3.2 Family Characteristics.......................................................................... 9 3.2.1 Socio-economic Status .............................................................. 9 3.2.2 Ethno-cultural Background........................................................10 3.2.3 Childrearing .........................................................................10 3.3 Situational Characteristics ....................................................................12 3.3.1 Parental Absence/Remarriage ....................................................12 3.3.2 Time Since Marital Disruption ...................................................
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...EARLY YEARS PROVISION ON YOUNG CHILDREN, WITH EMPHASIS GIVEN TO CHILDREN FROM DISADVANTAGED BACKGROUNDS Edward C. Melhuish Institute for the Study of Children, Families & Social Issues Birkbeck, University of London Prepared for the National Audit Office The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the National Audit Office. Address of author Institute for the Study of Children, Families & Social Issues 7 Bedford Square London WC1B 3RA Email: e.melhuish@bbk.ac.uk Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 1.1. The context of childcare research 1.2 Types of childcare and pre-school provision 1.3 Evidence on developmental effects 1.4 Structure of report 7 7 8 10 10 2. Childcare as intervention 2.1 Research methodology 2.2 Randomised Control Trials (RCTs) 2.2.1 Ypsilanti/High Scope/Perry Pre-school Study 2.2.2 Abecedarian Project 2.2.3 Project CARE 2.2.4 Milwaukee Project 2.2.5 Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP) 2.2.6 Early Head Start (EHS) 2.2.7 Hackney study Table 1: Summary of Randomised Control Trials of Interventions 2.3 Quasi-experimental Studies 2.3.1 Head Start 2.3.2 Chicago Child – Parent Center Program 2.3.3 Syracuse Study 2.3.4 Brookline Early Education Project 2.3.5 Diverse State-based programmes in the US 2.3.6 Meta-analyses and reviews Table 2: Summary of Quasi-experimental Evaluations of Interventions 2.3.7 Summary of childcare as intervention 12 12 ...
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...ETHICS FOR HOLISTIC PRACTICE Debate topic – Couples wishing to undergo IVF treatment should be awarded the legal right to choose the sex of their child. Good afternoon everyone our debate topic today is whether or not couples wishing to undergo IVF treatment should be awarded the legal right to choose the sex of their child. I’m Melinda and along with Angelique and Melissa we will be presenting the affirmative argument and the negative argument will be presented by Kristen, Judy and Deb. Sex selection, also known as gender selection, has attracted great interest and controversy over the years. Gender selection has been associated with a number of ethical, moral, social and legal issues. Sex selection may be performed for medical reasons to avoid sex-linked diseases or for parental preference. The topics I will be covering include eugenics, beneficence, utilitarianism and pre-genetic screening in regards to sex linked diseases. Eugenics can be defined as the study or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species. In the context of IVF treatment positive eugenics encourages reproduction by implantation of healthy embryos with inheritable desirable traits and negative eugenics seeks to identify and dispose of embryos found to carry undesirable inheritable traits. Utilitarianism in the context of IVF sex selection and genetic screening is defined by the principle of utility which seeks to judge moral rules, actions and behaviours on the basis...
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...Parental Substance Misuse: An Exploration of the Impact of Substance Abuse on Children 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background and Problem Definition It is beyond debаte thаt the use or misuse of substаnce hаs severe impаct on the well being of children. The term substаnce refers to both the illicit аnd non illicit forms of drugs. The use of substаnce by а pаrent becomes misuse when the pаrent in question uses it to the level where the usаge becomes hаzаrdous for both the behаviour аnd heаlth of the pаrent аs well аs the life of the children involved. The hаrmful behаviour in the pаrent hinders the pаrent’s аbility to tаke good cаre of their children which is the children’s fundаmentаl right (Forrester 2011, p. 4). The pаrentаl substаnce misuse hаs physicаl, behаviourаl, sociаl аnd emotionаl or mentаl consequences for the children. Parental substance Misuse is a major issue that has captured the attention of social worker and professional as well as policy makers with regard to wellbeing and needs of a child (Murphy & Harbin, 2003, p.354). The National Treatment Agency (2012, p.3) notes that over 50% of the total adults undergoing drug treatment in 2012 were parents of which a third (66,193) were living with children under the age of 18. Out of these, those who live with their children are 40,852 while those who live with children who are not theirs are 25,341. While not all parents with substance misuse problems harm their children, past research evidence has indicated...
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...Running Head: The Effects of Parental Involvement The Effects of Parental Involvement on Academic Achievement An Individual Research Project by Diane Higgins To Dr. Belinda Hartnett Research Methods – RES 531 Section 013 In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education Strayer University Washington, D.C. June 19, 2011 Chapter One: Introduction I. Topic Selected: As a teacher, one of my passions is to make sure that all of my students are able to learn and understand what is being taught to them. Sometimes this process is hindered when the only learning for some students goes on at school. I am a strong believer that students need assistance when they get home from school, so I decided to research on how parental involvement can affect student achievement. II. Description of Topic: Parental involvement plays an important part in a child’s life, not only during the early years, but throughout the school years as well. Parents who play an active role in the education of their child will have greater opportunities to motivate their children to behave more and strive for greatness. Self- esteem may rise as a result of positive reinforcement. An involved parent will also know when his child is misbehaving and be able to correct the problem before it gets out of hand and becomes a regular habit. With proper parental involvement, a child is less likely to feel the need to lash out and misbehave for much needed attention; they'll...
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...Impacts of using day care facility on children due to maternal employment Methods of Business Research Submitted by Sumbal Syed MBA 14 14-1220 Research Title: Impacts of using day care facility on children due to maternal employment. Introduction In the past few years there has been an increase in trend for women to be pursuing a career, and hence, working mothers are bound to use daycare facilities to assist them in managing their children along with other responsibilities. These children therefore get a divided share of family/home atmosphere as being part of bringing up. As part of this research project, I shall study the impact of day care facility on the children of working mothers. Keywords: Maternal employment, Working mothers, impacts of external child care, daycare facility, child care, career oriented mothers, physiological health factors, personality development. Problem statement Our problem statement shall primarily be “The effect of using day care facility on child care due to maternal employment.” In simpler words, we shall study the impact of the use of day care facilities by working mothers and its effects upon the upbringing of children. Objectives There is a need to identify if this increasing trend is beneficial for the children in the long run or not. Thus, basic objective of the research shall be to conduct a study and conclude the following: 1. Identify their mental and physiological health factors affecting the children ...
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...Improving Parental Involvement in Early Childhood Education Through the Use of Technology A thesis submitted by Marilyn McNair to Full Sail University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Education Technology and Media Design December 23, 2008 Abstract This research paper was designed to give insight into the importance of parental involvement in early childhood education, and why there is a need to increase parental involvement. It examines the elements of parental involvement, and its effects on achievement and social development in children. It reviews traditional methods of parental involvement, and considers the need for change. It also highlights how technology can be implemented to increase parental participation, and student achievement and social development. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Improving Parental Involvement in Early Childhood Education 4 Educational Significance 10 Definition of Terms 11 Literature Review 12 Current/Past Solutions to the Problem in Practice 15 Proposed Solutions to the Problem 16 Integration of Proposed Solutions with Current/Past Solutions 17 Conclusion 18 Suggestions for Further Research 19 References 20 Improving Parental Involvement in Early Childhood Education Through the Use of Technology A growing number...
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...MIGRATION, MAINSTREAMING, EDUCATION AND HEALTH 1 ***Draft 2B*** Introduction If well-managed, migration has been recognized by the UN System-wide Task Team’s report Post 2015 Agenda: Realizing the Future We Want for All as an important tool “to ensure that globalization becomes a positive force for all the world’s peoples of present and future generations”. Migration can be an enabler of human development by enhancing people’s income, health and education. An improved standard of education and of physical, mental and social wellbeing not only empowers migrants, but also allows them to substantially contribute towards the social and economic development of their home communities and host societies. However, this can only happen when the rights and wellbeing of all those affected by migration are fulfilled and they are recognized as “positive agents of innovation with human rights.” The post-2015 development agenda concerns more than anyone the generation being born now. Healthy, safe and well-educated children are the cornerstone of thriving societies, sustainable growth and proper management of natural resources. For over a decade, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have widely benefited children, both boys and girls, and young people. However, “there is major unfinished business as well as emerging and neglected issues that must be addressed boldly in the post-2015 development agenda, to ensure a world fit for children”. 2 One of the flaws of the MDGs is that by relying...
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...The Continuing Process of Parental Grief Also, sometimes a parent's love makes them unable to let go. I've seen so many parents put their needs above their infant's because they just can't bear to suffer the grief of losing a child. It's heartbreaking when you can see parents in total denial and you know that the end will come one way or another but they just can't accept it. I don't know if that's the case here or not, but it's certainly a possibility. Parental Grief The theme of parental mourning has been a universal one throughout the centuries. In the literature on bereavement, writers repeat certain themes, thoughts, and reflections; they talk of the powerful and often conflicting emotions involved in "the pain of grief and the spiral of mourning; [they refer to] the heartbreak at the heart of things...grief's contradictions"; they speak of parents devastated by grief (Moffat 1992, xxiii). It is frequently said that the grief of bereaved parents is the most intense grief known. When a child dies, parents feel that a part of them has died, that a vital and core part of them has been ripped away. Bereaved parents indeed do feel that the death of their child is "the ultimate deprivation" (Arnold and Gemma 1994, 40). The grief caused by their child's death is not only painful but profoundly disorienting-children are not supposed to die. These parents are forced to confront an extremely painful and stressful paradox; they are faced with a situation in which they must deal...
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