Also, not many people were used to the literate, not even kings were necessarily literate, so people who could read and write, learned through the Church. This mean, the education was non-secular, it was founded in Catholic principles. People who were educated like this, started to get curious about secular things and believed that they can make individual achievements.
Since Italy was in between the Europe and Middle East, they became very wealthy during the Crusades. The increasing of trade from East brought new and different thoughts, principles, and ideas to Europe. This also made a lot of cities very wealthy and made them into the city-states; cities that work as countries. During 15th century, people in Florence were ruled by the