...Confederate Army during the Civil War. His actions as a military commander was influenced by Southern President, Jefferson Davis’ political leadership, as well as General Lee’s military experiences and training. Repeatedly, General Lee sought to achieve limited political, strategic, and operational goals or objectives; by the using the Jominian principle of mass and concentration at the tactical level of war. This limited focus had a direct impact on how the Confederate Army was commanded. Additionally, it had an impact on how strategic and operational planning was conducted, and on the execution of the orders that were issued. This Jominian line of thinking was...
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...Abstract The Battle of Antietam took place on 17 September 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland. The battle was fought between General Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia and General McClellan’s Army of the Potomac. Although the battle lasted only 12 hours, it was a significant point of the American Civil War, as well as the deadliest day in history. Tactically the battle was considered a draw, but the North claimed strategic victory and President Lincoln published the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing hundreds of thousands of slaves. The Battle of Antietam Antietam Antietam is actual creek that is 41.7 miles long, located in Pennsylvania and Western Maryland. On September 17, 1862 during the American Civil War, the Union, and Confederate armies fought near Antietam creek, which is known as the Battle of Antietam. This battle was the first battle of the war that took place in the Northern territory. The Battle of Antietam was the turning point of the American Civil War. The Leaders of The Battle of Antietam The Commander of the Union Army of the Potomac was General George B. McClellan. General McClellan was a West Point graduate, class of 1846, commanded in the Mexican–American War, and took command of the Union forces on September 1, 1862. At this time the army was divided into four separate entities: Departments of Northeastern Virginia, Washington, Baltimore, and the Shenandoah, with thousands of untrained Soldiers and numerous small cells that needed to be combined...
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...During the period of 1861-1865 that is commonly known as the Civil War, both the northern and the confederate states exhibited variegated forms of what it means to be civilized. At the bottom of it, the Civil War exhibited the most bloodshed on American soil at a singular point in time. For this reason it must be stated that both The Union and The Confederates both acted out bloodthirsty and carnal impulses. The difference that was displayed was that the liberalism and regard for expanded civil rights that was the basis for The Union’s war stance was countered by a stalwart reactionary ideological platform that The Confederacy clung to. Essentially, civility was at an all-time low during the bloodshed of the Civil war. Over 500,000 lives were claimed, however the etiquette and ideological platforms of both sides proved to be The old world charm of the South was encapsulated by John Mosby and his revenge against a Union trooper killing a young child in front of the child’s mother. Mosby exclaimed that revenge was not a primary, or even a secondary motivation. He honestly believed that he had to kill in order to stop the killing (Civil War Times, 31). This etiquette and honor displayed during the bloodshed was in contradistinction to the crass and needless killing committed by the Union soldier. This shows how oftentimes ideologies can mask the deeper, truer feelings and...
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...INVESTIGATIVE TEAM MEETING 1 WAS SLAVERY THE PRIMARY CAUSE OF THE CIVIL WAR? During the nineteenth century, slavery was the leading cause of the Civil War, due to differing views on this subject between the Northern and Southern states. The whole debate on slavery began during the Lincoln-Douglas Debate time period when Lincoln and Douglas debated on the Kansas-Nebraska Act stating that the state could choose for themselves the position their state was in for slavery. However, he was countered on his opinion when the Dred-Scott Decision passed through court that denied African American rights to be a citizen. This divided the country into further political parties which included Radical Abolitionists and “Fire-Eaters”, two extreme groups that fought for their beliefs on slavery. These political parties drove citizens to form strong beliefs and therefore split the country into two sides – the North and the South, the Free and the Slaves States, and the Republicans and the Democrats. INVESTIGATIVE TEAM MEETING 2 DOES LINCOLN DESERVE TO BE CALLED THE “GREAT EMANCIPATOR?”...
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...Julia Theresa A. Regalado E34 December 12, 2014 American Civil War Fought 1861-1865, the American Civil War was the result of decades of sectional tensions between the North and South. Focused on slavery and states rights, these issues came to a head following the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. Over the next several months eleven southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America. During the first two years of the war, Southern troops won numerous victories but saw their fortunes turn after losses at Gettysburg and Vicksburg in 1863. From then on, Northern forces worked to conqueror the South, forcing them to surrender in April 1865. The Civil War of 1861-1865 determined what kind of nation it would be. The war resolved two fundamental questions left unresolved by the revolution: whether the United States was to be a dissolvable confederation of sovereign states or an indivisible nation with a sovereign national government; and whether this nation, born of a declaration that all men were created with an equal right to liberty, would continue to exist as the largest slaveholding country in the world. The Civil War started because of uncompromising differences between the free and slave states over the power of the national government to prohibit slavery in the territories that had not yet become states. When Abraham Lincoln won election in 1860 as the first Republican president on a platform pledging to keep slavery out of the territories, seven...
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...they were ready to defend for their homeland. (Word Count: 104) 2. The Union had a lot of advantages in the beginning of the war. The advantages they had was the population, the population started to grow. The Union had the largest military academy in the nation, they had the standing army and the standing navy. The Union pretty much had everything such as wealth and a lot of land. The Southern advantages were that they were defending their homeland which gave them a strong reason to fight. Many of the best officers were from the south, they were very skilled. The south had more slaves and grew more cotton than the north did. (Word Count: 107) 3. The Civil War started at Fort Sumter, South Carolina on April 12, 1861. The first attack started in Fort Sumter. The battles were mostly fought in the southern territory. The northern wealth was depended by the South’s cotton. Without the southern planters purchasing the northern manufacture goods, the northern factories would not have sold all of their goods that would make their manufacture close. The Southern depended on the North with defeating the battle. What the south had to do was stay home, avoid the battles and just let the north fight. (Word Count: 102) 4. The Battle of Antietam is also known as the battle of Sharpsburg. This was also known as the bloodiest day in American history. This was a single day battle taken on September 17,...
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...The American Civil War, which lasted from April of 1861 to May of 1865, is among the bloodiest (and most decisive) wars in American history. Proposed by Stephen A. Douglass, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was introduced to not only pave way for a northern transcontinental railroad and bring Nebraska into the Union, but also to solve the problem of slavery in new territories and, ultimately, reduce sectional conflicts. However, the Act failed; Northerners became angry at the contradiction of the Missouri Compromise, and sectional conflicts between the North and the South heightened to extremes. The relations between the North and the South worsened over time. At one point, there came a period of violence and bloodshed known as “Bleeding Kansas”...
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...| Victory in The North | A synopsis on the outcome of the U.S. Civil War | | [Type the author name] | 11/6/2010 | | Since the final battle of the American Civil War was fought in 1865, scholars have debated the reasons for the Union’s victory over the Confederacy. Historians have attributed the war’s outcome to many factors, some of which include Lincoln’s superior leadership, the South’s failure to diplomatically secure foreign intervention, emancipated slaves enlisting in the Union army, and the military strategies employed by the North’s generals. Both the Union and Confederacy expected a quick victory, each believing it possessed several advantages over the other. In the end, however, the North’s overwhelming superiority in manufacturing and industry proved to be far too great a hurdle to overcome by the South’s agricultural economy. While the consensus seems to be that there was no single contributing factor in the War’s outcome, there are several that should be highlighted, beginning with Lincoln’s leadership role. Lincoln’s chief priority from the beginning of his presidency was to preserve the Union. The way in which he achieved this was through skillful use of executive power provided by the Constitution. In the secession crisis, Lincoln relied on the prerogative element in the executive power to prevent the destruction of the government. His decisive action marked the first steps pointing to the reinauguration of the national authority and reconstruction...
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...Civil War Ranked as the deadliest war in American history, the Civil War tore America apart and took the lives of atleast 600,000 citizens. The war sparked mostly from the dispute over the rights of individual states. It lasted from 1861 until General Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia surrendered at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. The American Civil War could have swung in either direction, but many factors suggested that Union Victory was inevitable.55 First off, the manpower on the Union side was much larger and outnumbered the Confederate army strength. There were 20 Northern states fighting against 11 Southern states. When the war broke out, the Confederate Army had an estimated 750,000 soldiers, whereas the Union Army had about 2 milliion soldiers. The Confederate soldiers had many odds against them. A Yankee stood a 1 in 18 chance of dying due to illness and a 1 in 8 chance of dying in battle. A Rebel faced a 1 in 5 chance of dying from disease and a 1 in 8 chance of dying in battle. Military officers such as P.G.T. Beauregard, Stonewall Jackson, and Robert E. Lee brought major victories for the Southern Army. Their military strategies were efficient and powerful, but then again, so were the actions of the Northern Army. Some of the best military officers on the Union side were Ulysses S. Grant, William T. Sherman and Winfield Scott. It is said that the Union Army had much better teamwork and respect towards their officers, when in fact the Confederate...
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...Civil War Paper Learning Team A HIS/110 Professor Joe Getzlemen Historian Shelby Foote Shelby Foote was a writer and historian that became famous for his three-volume, 3,000-page books about the Civil War. In 1990, an 11-hour series on public television was shown based on his books.. With over 14 million viewers, he was instantly in the spotlight. Although he was not born until some 50 years after the Civil War, his great-grandfather was Confederate Captain Hezekiah William Foot, a slave owner. Shelby himself was born in Mississippi and lived in other southern states such as Alabama, Tennessee, and Florida. He attended the University of North Carolina but left to take a writing job at a Mississippi newspaper. When the United States joined the fight in World War II, Shelby joined the National Guard and reached the rank of captain. After being discharged in 1945 he returned home to Mississippi and began writing again. He published five books in five years, but it wasn’t until 1953 that he would begin his trilogy on the Civil War. During an appearance of the public broadcasting, he was quoted as saying “Any understanding of this nation has to be based…on an understanding of the Civil War…The Civil War defined us as what we are, and it opened us to being what we became, good and bad things. It is very necessary if you’re going to understand the American character in the 20th century to learn about this enormous catastrophe of the mid-19th century. It was the crossroads...
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...American Civil War History Paper The American Civil War (1861–1865) was a civil war between the United States (the "Union") and the Southern slave states of the newly-formed Confederate States of America under Jefferson Davis. The Union included all of the free states and the five slaveholding border states and was led by Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party, which opposed the expansion of slavery into territories owned by the United States. Republican victory in the presidential election of 1860 led seven Southern states to declare their secession from the Union even before Lincoln took office.[1] The Union rejected secession, regarding it as rebellion. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a U.S. military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Lincoln responded by calling for a large volunteer army, then four more Southern states declared their secession. In the war's first year, the Union assumed control of the border states and established a naval blockade as both sides massed armies and resources. In 1862, battles such as Shiloh and Antietam caused massive casualties unprecedented in U.S. military history. In September 1862, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation made ending slavery in the South a war goal, which complicated the Confederacy's manpower shortages. In the East, Confederate commander Robert E. Lee won a series of victories over Union armies, but Lee's reverse at Gettysburg in early...
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...The Basics on the Civil Right Movement Because large segments of the populace--particularly African-Americans, women, and men without property--have not always been accorded full citizenship rights in the American Republic, civil rights movements, or "freedom struggles," have been frequent features of the nation's history. In particular, movements to obtain civil rights for black Americans have had special historical significance. Such movements have not only secured citizenship rights for blacks but have also redefined prevailing conceptions of the nature of civil rights and the role of government in protecting these rights. The most important achievements of African-American civil rights movements have been the post-Civil War constitutional amendments that abolished slavery and established the citizenship status of blacks and the judicial decisions and legislation based on these amendments, notably the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision of 1954, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Moreover, these legal changes greatly affected the opportunities available to women, nonblack minorities, disabled individuals, and other victims of discrimination. The modern period of civil rights reform can be divided into several phases, each beginning with isolated, small-scale protests and ultimately resulting in the emergence of new, more militant movements, leaders, and organizations. The Brown decision demonstrated that the litigation...
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...TACTICS AND STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESS IN WAR. The American civil war was one of the toughest and deadliest wars in American history. This was where the Confederate States of America fought for their independence. It took place from 1861 when the war broke out till April 9th 1865 when confederate commander Robert E. Lee surrendered at the McLean House in the village of Appomattox Court House. It was one of the earliest true industrial wars. Industrial knowledge was used to produce weapons in mass-production. Steamships and railroads were used to supply troops and the telegraph which was relatively new was used in communication. Practices of total war were being used in the civil war. This shows that this was a tough war that needed the best of the best to survive. Being a general in such a war would therefore be demanding and one would have to have very fine and effectual tactics and strategies of success in war. (Woodworth.) During war one of the most crucial things for an army is for them to have a quick and efficient supply stream for their war supplies such as materiel and food for the soldiers. These have to been replenished swiftly for an army to operate well. If these supply line were to be cut, these would render the army useless. They would be like dogs without teeth. This is one of the strategies that I would use as a general. Specifically I would use the Anaconda Plan. Then Anaconda plan was a plan suggested to President Lincoln by Union General-in-chief Winfield...
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...the Union generals during a Civil War, known for his “total war” tactics. He began to knit the all-out war that was a prominent strategic theory in the time and carried it out. He secured the strategic town (Savannah) and supplies (the raw cotton which has been harvested) well for the northern part while destroying Georgia thoroughly and not only brought meaningless destruction - he destroyed it with a strategy in mind. On the other hand, he made war a more miserable one while the sweep round of each miserable Indian tribe after the Civil War was being included in the career as his officer, and proving the correctness of his military strategy theory. William T Sherman wouldn’t take from army’s things because he used two groups of troops to take supplies from residents. They took supplies form civilians. No army could have carried along sufficient food and forage for a march of three hundred miles. The Union Forces lead by Sheman left Atlanta with food for 20 days with 62,000 soldiers and he was divided into the right and left farm team and go to the Savannah. Whenever there was it at an opportunity, during this march, the Sheman burned down a building and plunders necessary supplies such as the food. He reduced the morale of the Confederate Army. If he fought in Europe, his requisitions from the local population would most likely have been met with strong opposition from magistrates or civil authorities. However, given the fact that during the Civil War country was sparsely...
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...anti-black rhetoric. A central tenet that was key to this political strategy was the belief that black poverty was created by black subculture that produced street crime, illegal drug use, and delinquency. In addition, black poverty was directly correlated to overly generous relief provided by government assistance, and conservative political discourse produced images of ‘welfare queens’ and their dangerous offspring.15 Following Nixonian political strategy, Reagan campaigned for the presidency using this same coded anti-black strategy which appealed directly to the ideological right-wing of the Republican party and confounded liberals due to the lack of direct racist language during campaign. Reagan campaign speeches consisted of crime and welfare content, and repeated anecdotes were about the story of a welfare queen whose tax-free income netted $150,000. After becoming president, Reagan announced his “War on Drugs” in October 1982 despite the fact that two percent of the U.S. viewed drugs as an important issue facing the nation. Immediately budgets of federal...
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