...Internat’l Bus Norway Paper NORWAY – Land of the Midnight Sun Signing the New Constitution on May 17, 1814 marked the beginning of Norway’s mission to gain independence. Sweden had forced a union with Norway on January 14, 1814, after 400 years of Norway being dominated by Denmark. It was in 1905, 108 years ago, before Norway could claim a secured, full independence and become a sovereign nation. Another important event in Norway’s history is their liberation from occupation by Nazi forces after five years, on May 8, 1945. So, it’s easy to understand why the people of Norway value their independence so much. Since Norway signed the Constitution in 1814, legislation resulted in the Prime Minister position. The Prime Minister and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior government department heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch, to Storting (Parliament), to their political party, and ultimately the electorate. As of 2013, the political leader of Norway and the Head of His Majesty's Government is Prime Minister, Erna Solberg, of the Conservative Party. The King of Norway, Harald V, also Prince of Denmark and Prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, succeeded to the throne of Norway upon the death of his father Olav V on January 17, 1991. Norway is a constitutional monarchy that divides responsibility between the parliament (Storting) and the King's Council of State, consists of a prime minister and other...
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...WOMEN’S QUOTA IN NORWAY - A GOOD PIONEER FOR GERMANY? | Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Definition Women’s/ Gender Quota 3 3. Gender quota in Norway 4 3.1 The road to the quota 4 3.2 Impacts and Changes 5 4. Gender pay gap in Germany 7 4.1 Causes for the Gender pay gap 7 4.2 gender quota in germany 8 5.Conclusion 9 List of Literature 9 Books/magazines 9 Internet Sources 10 Illustrations 10 1. Introduction The situation for women in every kind of different sectors has changed over the last centuries and decades. Nevertheless the result of an UNO- analysis in the mid 1990’s states that women have not the same chances as men in any society in the world even though that there has been made a huge progress. As Paragraph 1 of Article 3 of the German Basic Law declares, “All persons shall be equal before the law.“ In addition Paragraph 2 of the same article states, “Men and women shall have equal rights. The state shall promote the actual implementation of equal rights for women and men and take steps to eliminate disadvantages that now exist.“ In contrast to this Article of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) describes that after a study made in 2012 Germany has one of the biggest wage gap between men and women among all countries in Europe. The study says as well that there are fewer women in management positions. This arouses the question “What are the...
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...Bad decision making: The German food chain LIDL in Norway LIDL is a global discount supermarket chain from Germany. Since 1988 the company expanded to 21 states e.g. Italy, France, Great Britain, Spain and many Eastern European countries. In 2004 LIDL entered the Norwegian marked. Norway at this point had no real low price food market and the LIDL managers were sure of having a big advantage using their low price strategy and without having competitors in that field. After only four years the company announced its withdrawal from Norway due to sustained losses and all the stores were sold to a Norwegian supermarket chain. What happened? The Norwegian people avoided LIDL because they favoured their traditional brands and small shops over the imported products and the big LIDL-stores. Three psychological traps that undermined the decision of the LIDL management should be highlighted: Sunk-Cost Trap: After LIDL realized the absence of success in 2006, they decided not to rethink their local strategy but to open another 20 new stores in the capital Oslo. The management tried to compensate former losses by increasing the number of stores. Confirming-Evidence Trap: Klaus Gehrig, chairman of the board, is said to be the power behind the strict expansion policy. He justified the Norwegian expansion by referring to the success in other countries but fades out Sweden and Denmark, where LIDL suffered from similar problems. Estimating and Forecasting Trap: The LIDL managers...
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...democracy. Residents of Norway are predominantly ethnic Norwegians who believe that it is their obligation to share their wealth with those who are less fortunate. Spouses are regarded as equals and it is important that the citizens maintain a good healthy balance between their work life and family life. Being wealthy is frowned upon by the general population of Norway, having an excess of money and material items are ranked very low on their list of values. There are no homeless or hungry residents, education, day care and government services are offered to all, and their financial security is guaranteed. Norway has evolved from a fishing and farming community to a mostly white collar high-tech, state-owned oil export industry with very little manufacturing thereby preserving their pristine environment. Norms Norway is a very small country but it spends 1% of its GDP each year to fight global poverty donating millions more in foreign aid than the U.N. Oslo often serves as a mediator to foreign conflicts between North and South Korea and in the Middle East peace process, gaining clout and global respectability. It is my opinion that the United States has a much different agenda for the foreign aid that we offer as compared to Norway. It appears to me that our current government may be viewed not only as the most powerful, but also as the “Bully”. I am not sure that this current norm is gaining us the same type of global respect that Norway has earned. To maintain...
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...Family-Focused Treatment with Youth and Young Adults at Clinical High Risk (CHR) for Psychosis Mary O’Brien, PhD University of California, Los Angeles Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome: DSM-V Conditions for Further Study • At least one of the following symptoms is present in attenuated form, with relatively intact reality testing, and is of sufficient severity or frequency to warrant clinical attention: 1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized speech • Symptoms have begun/worsened in the past year • Never met criteria for a psychotic disorder Clinical Characteristics of the Clinical High Risk Sample • At imminent risk - 35% conversion rate within 2.5 years • Average age = 17 (12 – 30) • Most common co-morbid diagnoses: – Major Depressive Disorder 35% – Anxiety Disorders 46% – Attention Deficit Disorders 20% • Global Assessment of Functioning Mean = 47 Why family interventions during the CHR period? • CHR youth tend to be adolescents living with their families. • They are in a developmental stage that requires them to cope with the daily demands of family life. • Parents who bring these youths to clinics are often looking for support and guidance and may be at risk for developing symptoms themselves due to the stress imposed by their youths’ symptoms. What do empirical findings suggest about the potential utility of family interventions during the CHR period? • Evidence from adoption, expressed emotion, and treatment studies indicates that families...
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...Report on Doing Business in Norway Introduction This report provides all the information necessary for anyone intending to conduct business with the Norwegians. The information is based on interviews and observations. General appearance Norwegians are very distinctive looking people. They are all tall, slim, blond and athletic. They all have very blue eyes and pale skin. It is really easy to spot a Norwegian abroad since s/he always carries a backpack wherever s/he goes. Democratic Decision Making Process Norwegians believe wholeheartedly in democracy and there is no difference between salaries no matter which position a person occupies in a company. All decisions are referred to the workers and are taken on a group basis. Bosses should always listen to the needs of their subordinates. Adopting an authoritarian style of management would really be asking for trouble. The unions have a very strong position and the state plays an extremely important role in business life. All Norwegians support public ownership of services because they strongly believe that everyone should have the same rights, regardless of their income or where they live. Doing Business with the Norwegians In business Norwegians are absolutely honest, trustworthy and reliable. On arrival in a Norwegian company, you will find your Norwegian counterparts already seated at the negotiating table, prepared to do business with no time set aside for establishing a relationship or even breaking the ice. They...
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...he Telenor ASA - SWOT Analysis company profile is the essential source for top-level company data and information. Telenor ASA - SWOT Analysis examines the company’s key business structure and operations, history and products, and provides summary analysis of its key revenue lines and strategy. Telenor is a provider of telecommunications services. The company's majority shareholding is held by the Norway government, with an ownership share of 54% at the end of FY2009. The company is also the largest provider of TV services in the Nordic region. It provides mobile services, fixed line services and broadband services. The company primarily operates in Norway. It is headquartered in Fornebu, Norway and employs 40,300 people. The company recorded revenues of NOK97,650 million ($15,623 million) during the financial year ended December 2009 (FY2009), an increase of 1.5% over FY2008. The operating profit of the company was NOK13,321 million ($2,131.2 million) in FY2009, a decrease of 15.2% over FY2008. Its net profit was NOK10,104 million ($1,616.5 million) in FY2009, a decrease of 31.8% over FY2008. Scope of the Report - Provides all the crucial information on Telenor ASA required for business and competitor intelligence needs - Contains a study of the major internal and external factors affecting Telenor ASA in the form of a SWOT analysis as well as a breakdown and examination of leading product revenue streams of Telenor ASA -Data is supplemented with details on Telenor...
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...versus Corporate Control ISSN: 1893-1049 Volume 2, No 1 (2012), pp. 11-26 http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-30971 Pål Nygaard Professional Autonomy versus Corporate Control Abstract: Professionalism and bureaucracy tend to be understood as incompatible systems of work organization, represented by the ideals of collegiality and autonomy versus control and supervision. I present a historical case study from early 20th century Norway examining the potential clash between efforts made toward professionalization and bureaucratization in industry. Based on my findings, I argue that there is neither an inherent conflict between professionalism and bureaucracy nor static national trajectories at the level of professional versus bureaucratic work organization. Keywords: professionalism; bureaucracy; engineers; engineering; history; transnational Pål Nygaard Centre for the Study of Professions, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Scineces Contact: Department of Innovation and Economic Organisation, Handelshøyskolen BI, 0442 Oslo, Norway Pal.Nygaard@ bi.no Page 11 For a long time, theories on professions brought forth the contention of an inherent conflict between professionalism and bureaucracy, contributing to a division between the sociology of professions and organizations. During the past decade, various scholars have contested both the argument of conflict and the fruitfulness of division (Bourgeault, Hirschkorn, & Sainsaulieu, 2011; Muzio & Kirkpatrick, 2011;...
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...Case reflection: NORWAY PRISONS NORWAY PRISONS Abstract Norway established a distinctive experience in panel system and prison structure based on humanitarian and human rights of inmates. The concept of Norwegian system is to rehabilitate prisoners and facilitate their integration within society after their release and prevent their return to jail again. This article analyses this concept and measure its effectiveness and compare it with the US panel system. Norway Prisons Norway is a Scandinavian country, well known with its unique geography and peaceful population. It has the most human prisons in the world. The Norway panel system is unique in several aspects. It is unique in its aim and implementation and most notably in its results. The main objective of the Norwegian panel system is to reduce the probability of the prisoner to return back in jail. Prisons or Resorts Although this aim is targeted in almost all countries worldwide, its implementation in Norway is distinctive. The prison is a rehabilitation organization rather than punishment place. If anyone visits him Halden or the Balstoy prisons, he/she will think that it’s a touristic resort for relaxation. First, there are no bars on windows, accommodation is in dormitory-style rooms prepared to for the reception of family relative of the prisoners. Secondly, the facilities exist everywhere such as cooking academy style in kitchen, gym equipment, and many others. Also, modern televisions and internet access...
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...medias including installations, performances, and monoprints. Callesen creates artwork from A4 paper and in large-scale installations. Each work is created from one sheet of paper whether it be in three-dimensional flowers falling from a bouquet's negative, a hummingbird flying from the page, or a child-size castle crafted from a billboard-sized paper. Callesen paper cut sculptures show the transformation of the flat sheet of paper into figures that expand into the space surrounding them. The negative and absent 2 dimensional space left by the cut, points out the contrast to the 3 dimensional reality that it creates. Callesen’s recent exhibitions: 2011 • House of Paper - Sørlandets Art Museum, Norway • Out of Nothing - Haugar Vestfold Art Museum, Tønsberg, Norway 2010 • Out of Nothing - Mjelby Art Museum, Halmstad, Sweden • Skin of Paper - Nikolaj Copenhagen Contemporary Art Center 2009 • Out of Nothing - Trapholt, Kolding, Denmark • Out of Nothing - The Museum of Religious Art, Lemvig, Denmark 2008 • Perry Rubenstein Gallery, New York • Paperman, Helene Nyborg Contemporary,...
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...A Doll’s House is a three-act play written in the 1800s that has sparked many controversial topics and arguments regarding the treatment of women in 19th century society. My understanding of the cultural and contextual considerations were developed over the course of the interactive orals and discussions when various aspects and views were presented by the class. Through the orals, we explored the cultural connections between the play and real life experiences, techniques, social relations and the importance of the setting. The class interactive orals gave insight and context into the importance of the role of women during the Victorian era, as well as the issues in early feminism. As more context were given to the class about the gender difference...
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...Sweden Sweden is a Scandinavian country in northern Europe and it borders Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge across the Öresund. Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.5 million people. Sweden is also the 55th largest country in the world. The country has a low population density with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. Sweden’s capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city. Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995. Today, Sweden is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy form of government and a highly developed economy. The year is divided in four distinct seasons’ with mild temperatures throughout the year. Temperatures vary greatly from north to south. The northern part of Sweden has a colder climate and longer winters than the southern part. However, Sweden is much warmer and dryer than many other places at similar latitude. The highest point is the mountain Kebnekaise. Around 65% of Sweden’s total land area is covered with forest. Sweden has 25 landscapes, based on culture, geography and history. The whole country is divided into three large lands, the northern Norrland, the central Svealand and southern Götaland. Gotland, Öland and Orust are Sweden’s three largest islands, and Vänern and Vättern are the largest lakes. Vänern is also the third largest lake in Europe. Children aged 1-5 years...
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...The world has many countries, but you will learn about the region of Scandinavia. Scandinavia consists of the European countries of Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. They are known best for their ancestors, the Vikings, and they also have quite interesting food and climate. Scandinavia is a northern region in the world so it has a generally cool climate. The northern parts of the region have pleasant to mild summers. Because of this weather, people in the northern areas of the region might hike the Faroe Islands or go surfing. However, if you travel to the most northern parts of the region during the summer, you might just be able to see a wild polar bear. Despite its warm summers, the northern half has extremely cold winters. Some activities that people may do in the winter time are alpine skiing, watching the Northern Lights, or going on a dog sled adventure. In addition, you might also try some of these other activities during the colder months such as staying in an ice hotel or ice skating. The southern area of the region also has pleasant summers, but unlike the northern half, the southern area has mild winters. The weather in Scandinavia is not quite similar to America and neither is the food....
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...A seed falls into the soil and grows into a sapling, then it cannot be transplant casually, or it will not be able to survive. While people are different from plants because people have emotion. It can be flexible when dealing with problems. If the problem can not be settled in this way, there will always be another more suitable way to solve it. In the novel An Enemy of the People, by Henrik Ibsen, Thomas Stockmann, doctor of the new municipal baths of a coastal town in Norway, is a headstrong fool. Although he wants to do something good for people, he is too naive, stubborn and irresponsible. Doctor Stockmann is an extreme idealist, who never considers about reality and consequences. After finding the truth of the baths, he wants to publish his report about pollution to let everyone knows. But he does not think of consequences. It will make the town lose at least three thousand crowns. After persuaded by mayor, his brother, he still insists on publishing the report. And he says “ This is only the beginning. We will go on to other subjects and blow up every lie we live by!”(p333) He believes that he can expose the truth and become a hero of the town. However, he never thinks about majority may against him and it is impossible for him to against majority by himself. But he still cannot realize the situation. After protested by majority, he says “You are fighting for the truth,and that’s why you are alone. And that makes you strong. We are the strongest people in the world.....
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...H&M was founded by Erling Persson (Persson), a salesman from Västerås , Sweden. In 1947, on a visit to the US, Persson was attracted by the concept of clothes stores selling stylish garments at low prices. Following a similar concept, he opened a store selling clothes for women in Västerås in 1947, and named the store 'Hennes' (hers in Swedish). The low prices immediately attracted customers. The stores were expanded during the 1950s and the 1960s. Persson was confident that the concept would work as well in other countries, and in 1964, the company ventured overseas by opening a store in Norway. This was followed by a store in Denmark in 1967... Idea Generation and Design Initially, H&M sourced the products mostly from its agents in Asian countries and sold them through its stores. In the late 1980s, after Bosch joined the company, H&M began building a design team to take to the stores the products that customers were demanding... Production Initially, all the production activities of H&M took place in Sweden. In the 1960s, production was carried out in other Scandinavian countries and in the UK. In the late 1960s, some of the production activities were shifted to southern European countries like Italy and Portugal. By the early 1970s, H&M was also producing in Hungary, Poland, and erstwhile Yugoslavia. In 1978, H&M ventured into the Far Eastern countries with a production office in Hong Kong. As of 2000, H&M had 21 production offices, of which 10 were in Europe,...
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