...patients acquire infections while being treated for other medical conditions. In 2011, there were an estimated 722,000 hospital acquired infections (HAIs) in United States Acute Care Hospitals. Additionally, about 75,000 patients with hospital acquired infections died during their hospitalization (CDC, 2018). (Note: To ensure consistency, we will use HAIs when referring to nosocomial infections, please refer to the definition section for further understanding of the terms) More than half of all the incidents occurred within the intensive care unit. HAIs can be associated with the devices used in medical procedures, such as central line-associated...
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...ORIGINAL ARTICLE Factors associated with catheter-associated urinary tract infections and the effects of other concomitant nosocomial infections in intensive care units EKREM TEMIZ1, NIHAL PISKIN2, HANDE AYDEMIR2, NEFISE OZTOPRAK2, DENIZ AKDUMAN2, GUVEN CELEBI2 & FURUZAN KOKTURK3 From the 1Departments of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bitlis Government Hospital, Bitlis, 2Departments of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, and 3Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Zonguldak,Turkey Abstract Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are the most common nosocomial infections in inten- sive care units (ICUs). The objectives of this study were to describe the incidence, aetiology, and risk factors of CAUTIs in ICUs and to determine whether concomitant nosocomial infections alter risk factors. Methods: Between April and Octo- ber 2008, all adult catheterized patients admitted to the ICUs of Zonguldak Karaelmas University Hospital were screened daily, and clinical and microbiological data were collected for each patient. Results: Two hundred and four patients were included and 85 developed a nosocomial infection. Among these patients, 22 developed a CAUTI alone, 38 developed a CAUTI with an additional nosocomial infection, either concomitantly or prior to the onset of the CAUTI, and 25 devel- oped nosocomial infections at other sites. The CAUTI rate was 19.02 per 1000 catheter-days. A Cox proportional...
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...Nosocomial Infections Monica Butler Strayer University Dr. Godson Ezejiofo HSA 535 Managerial Epidemiology January 25, 2015 Introduction Good Health Hospital has proved to be among the best hospitals in the region since its inception. The medical professionals and all members of staff are always committed to ensuring delivery of quality services to patients. The hospital has had a good reputation of excellent staff, good patient relations and top quality services. In the recent past, several cases of E. coli have been reported at Good Health Hospital. E. coli exists in a variety of types but most varieties a less harmful to human health. Research by medical professionals has shown that E. coli bacteria live in the intestines, for both people and animals. Symptoms of E. coli infection include diarrhea, abdominal pain and vomiting (Bennett, Jarvis & Brachman, 2007). E. coli emanates from taking contaminated food and water. E. coli may lead to death or permanent health problems if appropriate measures are taken on time. Nosocomial diseases can be termed as an infection that a person gets while being attend to in a health institution. The goal for this task is to explore the nosocomial infections, intervention strategies and recommendations on how to control and manage the various types of nosocomial infections. Analysis of Good Health Hospital records Records of Good Health Hospital show that a number of nosocomial diseases have been reported. Among the commonest...
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...recent nosocomial infections that occurred within the past year. In your report, categorize the different parameters (i.e. person, time, place and ethnicity and gender) used in the compilation of data into the information summative. Hypothetically, Good Health Hospital is assumed to have possessed nosocomial infections as in any real hospitals where patients seek admission for treatment. According to Center for Disease Control and prevention (CDC), and Pennsylvania Department of Health (PADOH), a healthcare associated infection (HAI) which is also known as nosocomial infection is an infection that a person gets while staying as a patient in a hospital or other health care facility (PADOH, 2008). Hence, it is clearly understood that patients always acquired nosocomial infections during the process of receiving health care services from health professionals in any hospital or healthcare setting. PADOH has also confirmed that HAIs are the primary contributors of most sicknesses and mortalities in the world. For example, in American hospitals alone, HAIs account for about 1.7 million infections causing 99,000 deaths each year. Therefore, based on the analysis of Good Health Hospital records, research had shown that a great number of recent nosocomial infections that had happened before were identified. Among the different kinds of nosocomial infections verified, few infection type have been listed as followed: 1. Surgical site infection (SSI). 2. Urinary tract infection (UTI)...
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...care facilities whom fail to provide efficient infection control precautions puts patient's safety at risk resulting in a SARS outbreak. “Improper sterilization of equipment exposed patients to diseases including HIV, Hepatitis, and bloodstream infections that risk patient safety” (Bailey & Ries, 2010, p. 141). A hospital, organization, or health care facility acquired infection exhibits signs as little as three days after a patient is admitted. Infections that occur in a hospital are defined as Nosocomial infections. Ineffective infection control can create safety concerns for patients because the result in most cases is the patient dying. Infections obtained in a medical facility are usually resistant to antibiotics. “Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are major causes of morbidity and mortality On the basis of data from death certificates, these infections are the 10th leading cause of death in the United States” (Wisplinghoff, Bischoff, Tallent, Seifert, Wenzel & Edmond, 2004, p. 309). Many lawsuits happen because of poor safety precautions. “Health Grades Inc., a U.S. company that evaluates safety and quality concerns in health facilities, reported that rates of hospital-acquired infections in the United States rose by 20% between 2000 and 2003, contributing to around 9,500 deaths” (Bailey & Ries, 2010, p. 141). Health care facilities and organizations have a legal obligation to protect patients from Nosocomial infection or any other harm while receiving medical care...
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...hospital-acquired infections is a major problem in the Healthcare system. Most patients admitted to hospitals are at some risk of contracting a hospital-acquired infection (Paterson, 2012). Some patients are more vulnerable than others; these include the elderly, patients with defective immune systems, and premature babies. Hospital-acquired infections remain a major concern, and they can occur in any care setting, including acute care within hospitals, outpatient surgery centers, clinics, and long-term care facilities (such as nursing homes or rehab centers). Four categories account for 75% of all acquired infections in the acute care hospital setting. These are surgical site infections, central line-associated bloodstream infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (Nassof, 2009). Urinary tract infections comprise the highest percentage (Paterson, 2012). These infections usually are spread by the contaminated hands of healthcare providers or the patient’s family members. They are also caused by contaminated surfaces or hospital equipment that has not been properly cleaned (Nassof, 2009). The rate of exposure to infectious materials could be reduced if healthcare providers adhered to certain standard precautions such as hand hygiene. The proposal for this nursing research utilization project is to educate nurses on the importance of hand hygiene using evidence base protocol and how they can implement it in order to prevent nosocomial infections...
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...insertion and foley catheter care were used to educate nursing staff and improve outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to educate nursing on how to be proactive with this issue and to inform the providers when there is no further need for the catheters to reduce infections in patients. Practice setting problem Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for approximately 35% of nosocomial infections but are the lowest in mortality and cost (Burke, 2003). Patients with UTIs as a secondary diagnosis have an average length of stay of 9.1 days versus those without a urinary catheter of 4.7 days. As individuals live longer, the probability of them being hospitalized and requiring specialized care services is increased (Hobbs, 2001). Hospitalization of any aged person increases the risk for them to have a urinary indwelling catheter, which predisposes them to a nosocomial urinary tract infection (Saint, 2003).Nurses are responsible for placing and maintaining the indwelling catheters. Often non-licensed staff are being delegated these tasks, without the proper training and education on routine catheter care and catheter insertion. Importance of the clinical problem and its significance to nursing practice Nosocomial infections more than double the mortality and morbidity...
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...Queensland, AUSTRALIA Department of Health and Ageing, Commonwealth Government, Canberra ACT, AUSTRALIA What's new This review updates the existing review of "Gowning by attendants and visitors in newborn nurseries for prevention of neonatal morbidity and mortality" which was published in The Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2003 (Webster 2003). No new trials were identified as a result of this updated search. The conclusions of the review are unchanged. Text of review Synopsis Gowning by attendants and visitors in newborn nurseries for prevention of neonatal morbidity and mortality Newborn nurseries and neonatal intensive care units often require staff and visitors to wear overgowns with the intention of preventing the spread of infection. It has also been thought that putting on an overgown will remind people to wash...
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...Capstone Project Abstract Background Hand washing and hand hygiene are consider to be the number one, cheap essential measure of preventing and controlling spread of hospital acquired infections (HAIs). Hand washing and hygiene can significantly reduce the burden of disease, in particular in hospitalized patient Unfortunately compliance to hand hygiene recommended standard procedures by the health care workers (HCWs) has been unacceptably poor. In order to design education program, identification of several risk factors associated with poor hand hygiene (HH) compliance is of extreme importance. Objective: The purpose of this study is to implement a hand hygiene program for increase compliance with hand hygiene among health care worker in 97 beds hospital. The key target for compliance to HH is not only health-care workers but also policy-makers and organizational leaders and managers. Methods.: Compliance to hand hygiene will be evaluated through direct observation of HCWs ,to helps pinpoint areas of strength or weaknesses in HH behavior, so as to develop training program that will help HCWs to complaint with HH . Evaluation will be based on direct observation and survey audit, observing the HCWs during routine patient care to ensure that hands hygiene are performed before and after getting in contact with patient and patient environment. In addition, survey audit based on the HCWs perception, knowledge and attitude...
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...Intensive Care Unit: A Multimodal Intervention and Impact on Nosocomial Infection Barbara C.C. Lam, Josephine Lee and Y.L. Lau Pediatrics 2004;114;e565; originally published online October 18, 2004; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2004-1107 The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the World Wide Web at: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/114/5/e565.full.html PEDIATRICS is the official journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. A monthly publication, it has been published continuously since 1948. PEDIATRICS is owned, published, and trademarked by the American Academy of Pediatrics, 141 Northwest Point Boulevard, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, 60007. Copyright © 2004 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0031-4005. Online ISSN: 1098-4275. Downloaded from pediatrics.aappublications.org at University of Southern Queensland Library on August 5, 2014 Hand Hygiene Practices in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Multimodal Intervention and Impact on Nosocomial Infection Barbara C.C. Lam, MBBS, FRCP(Edin, Lond.), FRCPCH(UK), FHKCPaed; Josephine Lee, RN, MSN; and Y.L. Lau, MD (Hons), FRCP(Edin, Glasg. Lond.) FRCPCH(UK) ABSTRACT. Objective. Health care–associated infections persist as a major problem in most neonatal intensive care units. Hand hygiene has been singled out as the most important measure in preventing hospital-acquired infection. However, hand hygiene compliance among health care workers...
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...is the second most common nosocomial infection. HAP consists of approximately fifteen percent of all hospital-acquired infections and occurs in five to fifteen percent of every 1,000 admissions. Critical care nurses are presented with unique challenges when caring for patients who are at risk for developing VAP. Strategies must be developed using evidence-based practice and incorporated into daily care in order to prevent VAP in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. ICU Doctors, Nurse Educators and the DON on the ICU unit are currently responsible for our current oral care practice. Our hospital is currently using (OAG), which stands for Eiders’ Oral Assessment Guide, it measures a patient’s oral health status and the frequency of oral hygiene. This tool measures oral health by using 8 different categories: swallow, lips, tongue, saliva, mucous membranes, gingiva, teeth, and voice. They are graded 1 (best), 2, or 3 (worst). Normal findings would be a score of 8, whereas 24 would be the total worst score in all 8 categories. I will now explain how using evidence based practice and OAG can improve the oral health of patients on ventilators. The conclusion will be supported by the research that I have obtained in this research project, which is decreasing the risk of pneumonia on patients who are on ventilators. The provided back ground information was relevant and direct. Hospitals could save millions of dollars by preventing nosocomial infections and using evidence based...
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...The goal of Nightingale Community Hospital is to establish a comprehensive Infection Control Program to ensure that the hospital has processes in place to minimize/eliminate the risk of Surgical Site Infections (SSI) and Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI) B. The Infection Control Program at this hospital incorporates the following on an ongoing basis: i. Surveillance/identification, prevention/control, and reporting of infections throughout the hospital not limited to patients, employees, or physicians focusing on Nosocomial Infections (Endogenous infections and cross contamination infections) 1. Nosocomial Infections: known as hospital acquired infections are infections are not presenting at the time of admission but develop over the course of stay. a. Endogenous: the patient already has the infection at the time of admission minus the signs/symptoms of such infection but resistance lowers over course of stay and infection presents b. Cross Contamination: patient becomes infected while staying in the hospital by coming in contact with infective agents subsequently developing an infection ii. Evaluate and monitor the results of changes made 2. Continually edit procedures and policies as needed iii. Select and implement best techniques to minimize negative outcomes 3. Separate the infection source from the rest of the hospital (aspetic techniques included) ...
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...Running head: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CLINICIANS' PERCEPTION OF A Qualitative Analysis of Clinicians' Perception of Head-of-Bed Elevation Jolly Abraham Grand Canyon University NRS-433V January 09, 2011 A Qualitative Analysis of Clinicians' Perception of Head-of-Bed Elevation Ventilator - associated pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common hospital acquired infection (HAI) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates for ventilated patients in intensive care units (Bingham, Ashley, Jong, & Swift, 2010). The VAP increases patients’ mortality rates, length of stay and hospital costs (Hiner, Kasuya, Cottingham, & Whitney, 2010). The VAP is the leading causes of death due to nosocomial infections and the second most common nosocomial infection in the United States (Hiner et al., p. 164). The VAP is a serious and life threatening infection to critically ill patients and prevention of VAP is an ongoing challenge to critical care nurses. The purpose of this research was to investigate clinicians’ ability to estimate the head of the bed elevation (HOB) levels, assess their knowledge regarding the recommended guidelines of head of the bed elevations and to find out how they determine angle of the HOB in their practice (Hiner et al.). The study suggests that clinicians’ perception of head of the bed elevation play a significant role in helping to achieve the goal of elevating the HOB to 300 to 450(Hiner et al., 2010, p. 165). The study design and methods...
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...HSA 535 Complete Course HSA535 Complete Course Click Link for the Answer: http://workbank247.com/q/hsa-535-complete-course-hsa535-complete-course/26733 http://workbank247.com/q/hsa-535-complete-course-hsa535-complete-course/26733 HSA 535 Week 1 Discussion 1 "CDC and BMA" Please respond to the following: * From the first two (2) e-Activities, give a synopsis of the various challenges facing health care professionals, and determine whether or not you believe these professionals can formulate predictive plans from both agencies. Be specific, giving supporting rationales for your observations. * From the third e-Activity, give a comprehensive critiqued evaluation of your state’s DOH disease-management protocols. Also, from the analysis of the case study, determine if your state’s standpoint on the disease is adequate. Be specific, articulating the actions that can be taken to improve your state’s DOH. HSA 535 Week 1 Discussion 2 "CDC, BMA and Your State’s DOH" Please respond to the following: * From the first two (2) e-Activities, functioning as an investigator collaborating with the two (2) agencies to obtain vital statistics on your particular demographic, you are tasked with obtaining the logistics and planning phase of the report. Prioritize the items you would consider when formulating comprehensive letters of inquiry to the agencies. * From the third e-Activity, suppose you are the County Department of Health, Director of STDs Tracking and Surveillance...
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...Improving Hand Hygiene Practices 1.0 Introduction Health-related infections account for about 100,000 deaths per annum in the United States. A world-wide systematic review revealed that the occurrence of health-related infections range from between 1.7 to 23.6% per 100 patients. Hospital costs inherently associated with the healthcare-related infections range between 30 to 34 billion US dollars; yet these infections can be prevented through hand hygiene. Critical epidemiologic evidence supports the claims that hand hygiene reduces the transmission of healthcare-related infections. Although it is hard to link hand hygiene and the improvement of healthcare-related infections, organizations such as the Joint Commission, World Health Organization among others, acknowledge the essence of hand hygiene as a universal guideline to reduce healthcare-acquired infections. As such, this proposal focuses on interventions to improve compliance with hand hygiene as a pathway to reduce healthcare-associated infections, rather than the efficacy of hand hygiene to reduce healthcare-associated infections. 1.1 Statement of Purpose Compliance with hand hygiene practices among healthcare workers, nurses, physicians and patients has been low, averaging at approximately 39%. A study conducted in the year 2001 that was aimed at improving hand hygiene compliance and interventions found that there was poor compliance across hospital unit types and other settings. In particular, workers, nurses, physicians...
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