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Notes on Pain

In: Science

Submitted By ermag2
Words 618
Pages 3
NOTES: PAIN:
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION:
• Neuroanatomical pathway: o Originates from either or both CNS and PNS o Nociceptors = from PNS to CNS
 Located in skin, connective tissue, muscle, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic viscera.
 Stimulated by either trauma or chemicals released from damaged tissue
 PNS to CNS:
• A-delta fibres: myelinated, large diameter => rapid transmission. Localised, short-term, sharp.
• C fibres: unmyleinated, small diameter. Diffuse, burning, aching, constant pain. Perisist after the initial injury. o Nociception:
 How noxious stimuli are typically perceived as pain.
 4 phases:
• Transduction: from PNS to spinal cord: injury => chemical release: substance P, histamine, prostaglandins, serotonin, bradykinin = NTs that propagate message; second set of NTs: S.P., glutamate, ATP.
• Transmission: from spinal cord to brain
• Perception: conscious awareness of a painful sensation.
• Modulation: pain message inhibited. Descending pathways from brain => 3rd set of NTs => slow down pain impulse => analgesic effect. o Sources of pain:
 Visceral pain:
• Large interior organs
• Stretching, trauma.
• Eg. Ureteral colic, appendicitis, cholecystitis, ulcer pain
• Transmitted by ascending nerve fibres + ANS fibres => presentation of autonomic responses: o Vomiting, nausea, pallor, diaphoresis.
 Deep somatic pain:
• Result of pressure, trauma, ischaemia to BVs, joints, tendons, muscle, bone.
 Cutaneous somatic pain:
• Skin surface or subcutaneous tissue injury.
 Referred pain:
• Felt at site A but originates from site B
• Both nerve sites are innervated by the sme spinal nerve, and it is difficult for the brain to differentiate a point of origin. o Neurogenic sources of pain: disturbance in PNS or CNS: produce pain without nociceptor stimulation.
 Neuropathic pain:
• Abnormal processing of pain message. The most difficult

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