Premium Essay

Nothing to Do

In: Business and Management

Submitted By applebblin
Words 925
Pages 4
1.The begin of EMU, EMU convergence criteria.

Purpose:
The main purpose of European Monetary Union(EMU) is to establish a single European currency called the Euro to substitute for the currency of the member countries. At present, the member countries include Germany, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Austria, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, and Portugal.
Process:
European monetary system came from the European Monetary Union.OEEC-Organization for European Economic Cooperation established The European Payments Union in 1950 ,which was replaced by European Monetary Agreement in 1958. Although it did not have concrete ideas of monetary integration, it started the process of European monetary union. December 1969, the EC formally proposed the establishment of the European Economic and Monetary Union and designed the schedule, But the first 10 years of progress is not smooth. July 1978, in order to fight against the dependence on the U.S. dollar, they established the European Monetary System formally.
In March 1979, European communities began to execute the construction plan of the European Monetary system. In December 1991, the 12 member countries of the European communities signed a treaty named Economic and monetary union treaty, which regulate that the EMU should be established no later than January 1st, 1999.
At that time, a unified currency, a unified central bank and a unified monetary policy will be achieved. After the Maastricht Treaty was approved by the parliaments of the member countries, it became effective on November 1st 1993, while the European communities renamed European Union. They established European Monetary Institute in 1994 and named the European single currency as Euro in December 1995.
On July 1st 1998, European Central Bank was set up, Euro launched officially on January 1st 1999. 1999 to 2001 was the transition period of

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Nothing to Do

...The Vietnam War Elizabeth Guerra Chamberlain College of Nursing The Vietnam War had first started as a “police action” for the United States. In 1954, France had lost control of Korea and they signed an agreement with Vietnam called the Geneva Accord. The country was separated into North Vietnam and South Vietnam. The terms of the agreement stated that each side would not have a leader until 1956 when an election would be held to determine if they wanted the country to be unified. The United States was afraid that because North Vietnam was a pre dominantly communist country, that the spread of communism would flow to South Vietnam. In 1955, Unites States helped Ngo Dinh Diem win the presidential election. Early into his term, Ngo Dinh Diem claimed that North Vietnam, which was called the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, was attacking South Vietnam. In 1957, America began to give military aid to help South Vietnam stop the spread of communism. President Eisenhower started the ‘police action” and it continued through until after President Kennedy was assassinated. In August of 1964, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam attacked two American ships that were anchored in the gulf of Tonkin. The gulf of Tonkin was supposed to neutral waters. This gave President Johnson the ammunition he needed to use his Congressional resolution that gave him broad war powers. In 1964, the police actin ended and Johnson started to send troops to South Vietnam. Johnson wanted to fight this war...

Words: 1322 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Nothing to Do

...instead of a towel to dry them. Having feasted him after their best barbarous manner they could, a long consultation was held, but the conclusion was, two great stones were brought before Powhatan: then as many as could laid hands on him, dragged him to them, and thereon laid his head, and being ready with their clubs, to beat out his brains, Pocahontas the King’s dearest daughter, when no entreaty could prevail, got his head in her arms, and laid her own upon his to save his from death: whereat the Emperor was contented he should live to make him hatchets, and her bells, beads, and copper; for they thought him as well of all occupations as themselves. For the King himself will make his own robes, shoes, bows, arrows, pots; plant, hunt, or do any thing so well as the rest. They say he bore a pleasant show, But sure his heart was sad. For who can pleasant be, and rest, That lives in fear and dread: And having life suspected, doth It still suspected lead. Two days...

Words: 469 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Goodness Has Nothing to Do with It

...Essay The First – Goodness has nothing to do with it Utilitarianism is the theory of taking the proper course of action that maximizes utility, resulting in maximum happiness and a reduction in suffering. This article presents an ethical dilemma raising the question, whether or not to push the stranger onto the tracks thus killing him but saving five other lives. Looking at this scenario and viewing it from different perspectives, the man should not be pushed off the bridge. For a utilitarian, the only morally significant factor is the number of lives that are saved regardless of how they are saved. There needs to be an emphasis on the rules and obligations with respect to morality to guide conduct and morally forbid certain actions. The utilitarian approach of John Stuart Mill is that one should always act; not only to increase one’s own happiness but to maximize overall happiness and the pain or pleasure of others must be taken into account equally. Taking this into consideration, it would be fair to say that the classic utilitarian would kill the fat stranger instead of the five as only one person will endure the pain and suffering. This is where utilitarian reasoning is morally incorrect as it shows the lack of empathy and distances the protagonist from his moral values and beliefs. Human beings cannot make perfectly objective decisions because we let our emotions rule over our reasoning. Pushing a fat man to his death with our bare hands would set off an emotional...

Words: 753 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Look Busy Do Nothing

...If you're getting paid to do something, you should do it, and do it well. But is it always that simple? What if you have a vague job description, a haphazard workload, and a very strict boss who is only content when you look busy, and doesn't realize or care that you are so efficient that you completed your work early. Let's say you and a co-worker must each enter the data from 100 files, or shelve 100 books. You hustle and finish an hour earlier than your co-worker, and there's not much else to do. Your boss or manager walks by, expresses displeasure at the fact that you're not doing anything, and assigns you to an unpleasant, and really unnecessary task because they don't like seeing you relax (even though you earned it by finishing your assignment faster, right?). What do you do? Quit? File a complaint? Or slow down? These instructions are here for if you decide to reward your own efficiency by using that extra time you earned for R&R--without your boss noticing. Know what the standards are. At the end of the day, you still have to meet those standards if you want to keep your job. The main thing you should know is how much time your manager or boss expects you to spend on a particular project or assignment. Spend that amount of time on it--no more, no less (unless, of course, efficiency is actually rewarded in your position, not punished). If, for example, your boss expects you to spend 40 minutes on a task but you know you can get it done in 20 minutes, you should be able...

Words: 1920 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Nothing to Do More Work

...1 Define solar system ? Ans The region of the universe near the sun that includes the sun, the nine known major planets and their moons or satellites, and objects such as asteroids and comets that travel in independent orbits. The major planets, in order of their average distance from the sun, are Mercury, Venus, the Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. 2 What are epidemics? Ans An epidemic is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time, usually two weeks or less. For example, in meningococcal infections, an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered an epidemic. Epidemics of infectious disease are generally caused by several factors including a change in the ecology of the host population (e.g. increased stress or increase in the density of a vector species), a genetic change in the pathogen reservoir or the introduction of an emerging pathogen to a host population (by movement of pathogen or host). Generally, an epidemic occurs when host immunity to either an established pathogen or newly emerging novel pathogen is suddenly reduced below that found in the endemic equilibrium and the transmission threshold is exceeded. 3 what are geo science? The earth is in continuous change. Scientists from many branches of science are required in order to understand the large range of variations occurring in the planet. The different disciplines...

Words: 2274 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

How Far Do You Agree That Black Power Damaged the Civil Rights Movement and Achieved Nothing?

...Conference (SCLC) gained many achievements in their 'moderate' methods of non-violent action. Other groups also achieved a lot such as the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP), the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE.) However these groups became more radicalised in the 1960's and the Civil Rights movement developed into 2 sides. The more radical side criticized the moderate side to not using self defence and for cooperating with the government and white people. There methods also began to change when some groups started to accept the idea of self defence whereas Martin Luther King taught the way to completely turn the other cheek. They also even criticized there main goal of the end to segregation and wanted completely separate states for each of the races. However, it is debateable as to whether Black Power decreased the success of the civil Rights movement, to increase it. There split of certain issues made it difficult to organise a national campaign. This included support for the Vietnam War. Leaders of the NAACP supported the war as they believed any criticism of it would drive a wedge between the civil right movement and the government, and that they would then be less willing to cooperate. However groups such as the SNCC were very critical of the war as they believed it was a racial war however they felt that King did not support there ideas as he refused to criticize the war. He later...

Words: 1190 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Napoleon Was Nothing More Than a Dictator in His Rule of France Between 1799 and 1815. How Far Do You Agree?

...Napoleon was nothing more than a dictator in his rule of France between 1799 and 1815. How far do you agree? “History is a version of events which everyone has agreed on” - Napoleon Napoleon was nothing more than a tyrant as he exploited France in pursuit of his own ambitions to achieve a dynasty in his name. A dictatorship is often associated with repression and the workings of a police state. Both of these were, in fact, being used in France . For example Napoleon vigorously censored the press and even the theatre. When Napoleon took power, Paris had a vibrant newspaper business, by the end of his reign there were only four newspapers left due to his denial of a free-press and all of these had been under his control. These newspapers were censored and used by Napoleon for propaganda. He also had spies and informers working for his Ministry of Police, he used special courts and arbitrary imprisonment which really supports the concept of a police state under a dictatorship. Implementing these resources allowed Napoleon to repress any opposition to his rule and crush any civil unrest Considering these facts only it would appear that Napoleon was nothing but a tyrannical dictator , but , this would not necessarily be a fair judgment as throughout his reign he continued to use certain administrative bodies which limited his freedom of action , such as the Senate and the Legislative Body which suggests he didn’t have or want overall power as a dictator for matters such as...

Words: 987 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

‘Most Comedies Can Be Criticised for a Lack of Seriousness’. to What Extent Do You Believe This to Be the Case in the Play ‘Much Ado About Nothing’?

...‘Most comedies can be criticised for a lack of seriousness’. To what extent do you believe this to be the case in the play ‘Much Ado About Nothing’? ‘Much Ado About Nothing’ contains comedy throughout but it could be argued that seriousness is present in equal measure. They are portrayed simultaneously by Shakespeare in his play: where one scene is comedic to one part of the audience, seriousness could be interpreted by others. The writer uses comedy not only to entertain but to portray and challenge concepts of gender, class and other norms dominant in Shakespearean times but also remain evident in contemporary society. He also uses a leading male and female character to construct this gender challenge, with a woman who will not marry until ‘God make men of some other metal than earth’ and a man she refers to as ‘no less than a stuffed man’. The forwardness with these lines are delivered in contrast with the passive expectations an Elizabethan audience would expect from the leading female, however comedy remains as the moment is unexpected. Furthermore, class and status issues can be identified in the play, an obvious example being the Prince’s brother a ‘bastard’, marginalised from society because of who he is, and a ‘watchman’ who is described as an ‘ass’. Through their comedic interchange of insults, two of Shakespeare’s main characters demonstrate the negative impact of gender issues in Elizabethan times. Benedick and Beatrice are constantly sparring with each other, starting...

Words: 1680 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

C.L. Barber Argued That Comedy Is All About Pleasure and Merrymaking. How Do You React to This Idea in Your Study of Much Ado About Nothing?

...pleasure and merrymaking. How do you react to this idea in your study of Much Ado About Nothing? Much Ado About Nothing is heavily influenced by the inclusion of C.L. Barber’s viewpoint on comedy, that pleasure and merrymaking should be a focal point in festive comedy. Shakespeare utilizes witty mockery, satirical conversations and the Saturnalian reversal of roles to emphasize festivity and merrymaking as a main theme in his comedy as this ensures the audience can make fun and laugh at the situations displayed. But, as the audience we cannot forget that Shakespeare used this idea of pleasurable entertainment to disguise the underlying Machevellian plots of Don John and Borachio to disrupt the fairy tale type of tenor the characters could have led. Therefore, further into Much Ado About Nothing, discussions about whether Shakespeares play conforms to C.L. Barber’s argument or to what extent is C.L. Barber’s perspective disputed are risen. Initially, from reading the script of Much Ado About Nothing, the reader can respond to C.L. Barber’s argument with firm disagreement as many other genres are used to heighten the effect of comedy in the play, although C.L. Barber’s argument was specifically aimed at comedies, whilst Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing is classed as a dramatic comedy, where tragedy is also hung in the balance in the climactic parts of the play. The purpose of Shakespeare’s plays in general and especially Much Ado About Nothing, is to expose the foolishness...

Words: 2589 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

To What Extent Do Female Characters Go Against Contextual Expectations of Women in William Shakespeare’s ‘Much Ado About Nothing’ and Tennessee Williams's ‘a Streetcar Named Desire’?

...the male, dominating characters and the way women are submissive such as Hero and Claudio. Beatrice and Benedick, however, contrasts the typical relationship of that time as Beatrice doesn’t necessarily conform to the way a woman should behave, signifying a time of change. In both of these plays, we can see that men dominate and females are usually submissive to them. However, there are exceptions which are clearly shown through Beatrice in ‘Much Ado About Nothing’ who has little regard for what is considered proper and is very outspoken and witty and rarely conforms to what is expected of her. This is also shown in ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ through Blanche, who holds herself very high and thinks of herself above men. Both Blanche and Beatrice insult the men around them. It suggests that this is considered normal of both of these different times and as a result, men appear to hold higher power and importance over women, leaving them as conforming to what the men want. In Act 1, Scene 1 in ‘Much Ado About Nothing’, Beatrice interrupts her Uncle, Leonato, and Messenger in the middle of their conversation which immediately juxtaposes her cousin, Hero. In this scene and throughout the play, Hero hardly contributes and is only seen talking when spoken to. This interruption reflects...

Words: 1346 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Explain If It Matters That a Parent Literally Had Nothing to Do with a Biological Child in Order for the Child to Take Advantage of the Family and Medical Leave Act (Fmla) to Care for That Parent.

...The B Café: J H S University Table of Contents Abstract ………………………………………………………….... 3 Part 1: Competitive Advantage ……………………………………. 4 Part 2: E-Business …………………………………………………. 10 Part 3: Supply Chain Management ………………………………. 14 Part 4: Customer Relationship Management …..………………….. 17 Part 5: System Development Life Cycle ..………………………….. 19 Web site Wish list ………………………………………………… 21 Remodel …………………………………………………………… 25 Menu ……………………………………………………………… 26 References …………………………………………………………. 27 Abstract The Broadway Café has been undergoing a particular decline in sales over the last five years. The Broadway Café was established in 1952 and has not achieved any changes since the doors opened. If the company was to make an about face and show some growth some immense changes need to take place. The Broadway Café will need to consider adapting Michael Porters’ Five Forces, as well as, establish which of the three strategies it will use to restore the company for the 21st century. There are more areas that will need to be looked into such, customer loyalty programs, employee concerns and maintaining a viable advantage over its competitors. The Broadway Café has to take to introduce information technology into daily operations and application programming interface in order to stay current in today’s market. An e-business strategy...

Words: 4696 - Pages: 19

Premium Essay

Based Upon the Internal Revenue Code, Do You Agree or Disagree with the Following Statement: a Taxpayer Does Not Have to Report Income When Debt Is Forgiven, Because the Taxpayer Receives Nothing. Explain the General

...Based upon the Internal Revenue Code, do you agree or disagree with the following statement: A taxpayer does not have to report income when debt is forgiven, because the taxpayer receives nothing. Explain the general rule, with reference to the applicable section of the Code, and any exceptions to the general rule. Based on the Internal Revenue Code, I would disagree with the above statement. According to Section 61(a) “Except as otherwise provided in this subtitle, gross income means all income from whatever source derived, including (but not limited to the following items.” In regards to debt forgiveness, Section 61(a)(12) includes, “Income from discharge of indebtedness”. Therefore, the taxpayer must still report income when debt is forgiven. Section 108 includes the exceptions to gross income from discharge of indebtedness. Generally speaking, Section 108 (a)(1) references the indebtedness of taxpayer that would not be included in gross income. They include: A. “the discharge occurs in a title 11 case, B. the discharge occurs when the taxpayer is insolvent, C. the indebtedness discharged is qualified farm indebtedness, D. in the case of a taxpayer other than a C corporation, the indebtedness discharged is qualified real property business indebtedness, or E. the indebtedness discharged is qualified principal residence indebtedness which is discharged before January 1, 2014.” Section 61(a)(1)(A-E) Title 11 is any case relating to bankruptcy,...

Words: 357 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

The Paper About Nothing, Really

...This paper is about nothing. Absolutely nothing. If you wanted me to tall you something, I guess I could tell you about how I thought the deadline for my essay was tomorrow 2359 but it's actually today, at 12pm. Thank god I woke up at 5am. I have 7 hours to do it, inclusive of printing and travelling to pass up the hard copy. Wish me luck! This paper is about nothing. Absolutely nothing. If you wanted me to tall you something, I guess I could tell you about how I thought the deadline for my essay was tomorrow 2359 but it's actually today, at 12pm. Thank god I woke up at 5am. I have 7 hours to do it, inclusive of printing and travelling to pass up the hard copy. Wish me luck! This paper is about nothing. Absolutely nothing. If you wanted me to tall you something, I guess I could tell you about how I thought the deadline for my essay was tomorrow 2359 but it's actually today, at 12pm. Thank god I woke up at 5am. I have 7 hours to do it, inclusive of printing and travelling to pass up the hard copy. Wish me luck! This paper is about nothing. Absolutely nothing. If you wanted me to tall you something, I guess I could tell you about how I thought the deadline for my essay was tomorrow 2359 but it's actually today, at 12pm. Thank god I woke up at 5am. I have 7 hours to do it, inclusive of printing and travelling to pass up the hard copy. Wish me luck! This paper is about nothing. Absolutely nothing. If you wanted me to tall you something, I guess I...

Words: 738 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

En1420 Discussion 4.1 Empty Space

...having a subject? When there is not a subject or the subject is “nothing” the appropriate method would be to turn in a paper with nothing but empty space. This is what happens when I do not receive homework I e-mailed about and do not have what I need to do this assignment properly. The controversy stems from if I have nothing to use as a subject, do I still have a subject to use? I say yes but you may disagree. Nothing but empty space The main points of the article talk about how if you have nothing in empty space it is different than having a vacuum or lack of existence. The first point is just because you can not see anything there it does not mean it void of everything. The second point is even if there is no matter in a specific area there can still be other measured substances. The third point is that even where it appears to be nothing there can still be an atomic weight. The fourth point is that nothing can be powerful. The last point is the emptiness is more of a matter of perspective. People assume that just because they can not see anything that there is nothing there. This is far from the truth. If I asked you to look at the edge of this paper would you say this is nothing there? There is something there. There are atoms that reflect the color white. If you are looking at this on a computer screen there are electrons converted into a binary system of control. Thus, even if it looks like nothing there is still quite a bit going on in that space. Even...

Words: 797 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Nothing

...Nothing is going on here I just want to view this paper so that I can do my own report that is due in about 6 hours and I really need this class in order to graduate Nothing is going on here I just want to view this paper so that I can do my own report that is due in about 6 hours and I really need this class in order to graduate Nothing is going on here I just want to view this paper so that I can do my own report that is due in about 6 hours and I really need this class in order to graduate Nothing is going on here I just want to view this paper so that I can do my own report that is due in about 6 hours and I really need this class in order to graduate Nothing is going on here I just want to view this paper so that I can do my own report that is due in about 6 hours and I really need this class in order to graduate Nothing is going on here I just want to view this paper so that I can do my own report that is due in about 6 hours and I really need this class in order to graduate Nothing is going on here I just want to view this paper so that I can do my own report that is due in about 6 hours and I really need this class in order to graduate Nothing is going on here I just want to view this paper so that I can do my own report that is due in about 6 hours and I really need this class in order to graduate Nothing is going on here I just want to view this paper so that I can do my own report that is due in about 6 hours and I really need this class in order to...

Words: 333 - Pages: 2