...sent off. Emails would also require authentication of user certificate before being sent from the users account, verified while the CAC card is still inserted within the machine. 2. The security solution that I am recommending impacts the threat by requiring additional authentication that the sender must provide. While it is not full proof it requires that the sender provide more than just a pin number or username and password. These additional steps should provide ample time to identify that the user is not who they claim to be. Most hackers are not prepared for additional security procedures. Although a static defense is prone to more study by those who wish to defeat it, developing a more active and mobile form of defense is preferred. 3. The system that I propose can be easily implemented in a timely manner. In step 1a the procedures are simply a change in desktop procedure, which can be established in a matter of days through re-writing. Step 2a can be completed quickly, at least for the first step. Completing the second step might require additional contracting or development of additional software and training, to ensure employees understand the use of the Common Access card. Step 3a can be accomplished in a timely manner by changing email protocols and re-routing email traffic, however, it would be completed when step 2a is. The Common Access card is a powerful security tool that would pay large dividends when applied to the company network. 4. The scope of an attack...
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...It can be quite annoying if the PC is often unresponsive, especially if there is something really important to be done or the user requires instant access to data for someone who is sitting in front of them. The following guidelines could be helpful to make computer faster. Lessen the Number of Applications Installed One of the main causes that slow down the PC is having too many applications installed in it, regardless of the system being used. When games and applications are installed to a computer, some files are stored in the Windows directory structure and a lot of changes happen in the Windows Registry file. Majority of these changes are not promptly obvious to the Windows user. Programs that are redundant repeatedly ask the system to run a maintenance and occupy the hard disk drive, causing Windows to become unacceptably slow to respond. The appropriate removal of these programs needs uninstalling the application by going to the Control Panel – Programs and Features icon. Uninstalling an application or a software instantly after using it can speed up pc. There are also available third party programs that could help to remove applications that don’t have uninstall procedures or don’t completely remove themselves. Stop All Unnecessary Background Processes At the left hand corner of the computer screen, there is a group of small icons called the “system tray” or “notification area.” Every icon corresponds to a program that has been initiated or is just running in the background...
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...is very flexible, as it has the properties of both shared and dedicated hosting. However, a VPS hosting account does not run on a private dedicated server. This means it does have some security risks. Fortunately, you can take steps to protect your website and sensitive data. Here are BLANK ways to secure your Windows VPS account: 1. Regulate User Access—It is important to create user access accounts to prevent unauthorized users from accessing your data. Be sure to create a single account for each user you intend to allow on the platform. You should also create an administrator account for yourself, so that you can monitor usage and set restrictions to other users. An administrator account will also allow you to manage software and applications. 2....
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...Hardening Windows Server 2008 is important because it improves the security of computer systems. The process of enhancing server security will effectively minimize various vulnerabilities and threats. Implementing hardening methods prior to using the server in normal operations will minimize malicious attacks and the chance of compromise. The Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer (MBSA) is a tool that will provide an assessment of the Windows Server 2008 security configuration. It will scan for Windows administrative vulnerabilities, weak passwords, Internet Information Server (IIS) administrative vulnerabilities, and Structured Query Language (SQL) administrative vulnerabilities. A detailed report of the findings will be generated in the order of severity. This information can be used to fix any possible security problems on the network. After resolving the security issues that were identified by MBSA, you can continue to harden the server by utilizing the Server Configuration Wizard (SCW). The tool’s features can reduce the exposure of attacks by disabling services that are not required and creating security policies tailored to a server’s specific role. In order to enable the appropriate ports and services, you will need to establish roles, client features and administration options. The security policies generated by SCW are Extensible Markup Language (XML) files that configure audit polices, registry values, network security and services. Policies that are already in place...
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...5330-Data Networking Assignment # 4 Name: Prashanth Reddy Edunuri Grade 1. We are given information as shown on the figure. To get the previous sequence number: Client B is sending an acknowledgement to Client A that message is successfully received. Ack no = 2800 bytes. That implies the Last Sequence Number received before Ack is 2799 Therefore, Sequence number is 200 (This can be calculated by counting back...
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...A strong password can be non-repeating characters with a combination of upper and lower case letters, numbers, and special characters (examples: ^, *, $, ~,?). 2. Pick a word or phrase that you'll remember, but substitute letters with symbols or numbers (such as @ for a, 8 for B, $ for S, etc. Using this method, "hambersi" might become "H@M8er$i". 3. Use the first letter of a long phrase, using upper and lower-case letters, and the substitutions mentioned above. So, "Each one, teach one" might become "E@ch1t1". This may seem difficult at first, but muscle memory will kick in and you'll find yourself typing it with ease. 4. Use an "upper left" or "lower right" substitution. In this, you swap a key with a key next to it. Hence, "Fiona" might become "E89hq" by replacing each letter with the letter to the upper left of it on the keyboard. Don’ts 1. Words found in a...
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...the name servers fails, the next one on the list is tried, and so on until a connection can be made. However, though this kind of name server redundancy is vital, a company is far more likely to survive an external attack if it not only uses redundant name servers but also redundant DNS providers. Setting up a secondary DNS improves the likelihood of a functioning domain name, specifically in situations like DDoS attacks when entire DNS providers are targeted indiscriminately, shutting down all of their name servers. For example, if a company’s domain name is configured to four different DNS name servers but all from the same managed provider, and that DNS provider is subjected to a major DDoS attack, then the queries cycle through servers 1-4 with no luck, because all those servers are down. However, if the company also has that same domain name pointing to another provider’s name servers, then after the first four servers fail to return a query, the next server on the list has a much higher likelihood of success. It belongs to an entirely different provider, which is not likely to be under duress at the same time. Simply put, providing a larger pool of unrelated server options increases the chances of surviving an attack. This strategy worked for some websites during the October 21 Dyn attack. By configuring their domain names to servers from two different providers, these companies’ websites were able to stay up and running while others crashed. Their DNS resolvers redirected...
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...To our OMNI World Services information systems users: Over the last several weeks OMNI system users have experienced several outages that have affected their access to applications they use such as IRMA and other business systems. OMNI management wanted to give you an update on this issue and what we are doing about it. The outages have 3 root causes. • Token services company interruptions. The token company that we use for providing Investigator access tokens has experienced several disruptions with their telephone service subcontractor that they use. This is the part of the service the calls the investigator back with the token needed for system access. The root cause is failure of a phone services subcontractor where phone calls were not being made to provide investigators with requested tokens. • Power outage at the OMNI site that houses the data center. The business park that our data center operations are located experienced an unusual and lengthy power outage that exhausted our power backup systems. Root cause was a main transformer failure for the business park that required a 14-hour outage and replacement. • Security patching. One of our customers provided us with security upgrade requirement in mid-October; with extremely short compliance time requirements....
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...(which is why traps are synonymous with exception) or by a request from a user program. While an interrupt is triggered by a signal to the processor. Traps are synchronous with the instruction stream - a direct result of the execution of a specific instruction while hardware interrupts are asynchronous, meaning that they don't happen at predictable places. A trap can be used to call operating system routines or to catch arithmetic errors. Answer 1.23: An example to demonstrate data residing in memory could in fact have a different value in each of the local caches: Lets say CPU 1 reads data X with value “2017” from main memory into its local cache. Similarly, CPU 2 reads data X into its local cache as well. CPU 1 then updates X to “2018”. However, since X resides in CPU 1’s local cache, the update only occurs there and not in the local cache for CPU 2. As a result the value of data X in CPU 1’s cache is “2018” and data X in CPU 2’s cache is still “2017”. Answer 1.24: In single-processor systems, the memory needs to be updated when a processor issues updates to cached values. These updates can be performed immediately or in a lazy manner. In a single-processor system, this is a consistency problem, not a coherence problem. In a multiprocessor system, two processors might have loaded the same value from memory, and it would be placed in separate caches, one for each processor. If one processor updates the value, that should be communicated to the other processor, or...
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...Things you need to understand first: Netcat: Reading from and writing to a network connection through protocols like Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP) are always considered a great step for both a security administrator or an attacker. Both of these categories of individuals utilize whatever data they get for a completely different purpose than the other. Netcat provides an efficient means of investigating a network from the back-end side –servers– and further establish any new connection inside networks using the aforementioned protocols. It has the capability to be run on its own or through scripts or other programs. A bunch of Netcat’s features are as follows: Establish or read any connection going through any ports as long as they are TCP or UDP. Connections can be established through other programs. Any port could be scanned in a randomized manner for being open to be exploited. All local source ports are up to be exploited or utilized for any purposes. A user has the ability to define a network tunneling mode and specify all the used/listening ports, source, and the remote host. Check Domain Name System (DNS) forward lookup and reverse as well. Warnings are shown thereafter. Even the source address which is configured inside a local network can be utilized Telnet options responder could be chosen as an option There is another built-in feature which allows for loose-source routing Standard inputs are recognized through command line arguments...
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...BitLocker Drive Encryption is a data protection feature which is available on Windows Server 2008 R2 and also available in some versions of Windows 7. Having BitLocker integrated with the server operating system will address the threats of data theft. Data on a lost or stolen computer will be vulnerable to different unauthorized access, either by running a software-attack tool against it or by transferring the computer's hard disk to a different computer. It help us to mitigate unauthorized data access by enhancing file and system protections. It help us in rendering the data inaccessible when BitLocker-protected computers are decommissioned or recycled. This Locker provides a very high protection, while using with a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) version 1.2. The TPM is a hardware component which is installed in many newer computers by the computer manufacturers. It works with the Bit Locker feature in order to protect the user data and also ensure that a computer is not been tampered while the system was offline. The computers which do not have a TPM version 1.2, we can still use Bit Locker to encrypt the Windows operating system drive. However, the Locker implementation is required to the user for inserting a USB start up key to start the computer. It does not provide the pre-start up system integrity verification offered by Bit Locker with a TPM. Desktop Experience The Desktop Experience feature enables users to install a different types of Windows 7 features installed on the...
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...Password authentication The guidelines that are being used for authentication systems feel outdated as these guidelines were mostly written for security concerns that are decades old and these guidelines should be reconsidered for today’s security concerns.A huge annoyance of the current authentication system is having same password across different system poses as a huge security threat as if one of them systems is compromised, the attacker can easily gain access to the other systems that the user uses by using the same password so not only is it recommended for the user to have a strong password , but also a strong password for each authentication system the user uses. Remembering all these passwords is not an easy task, if the user was to use easily remembered passwords, almost all of them are considered weak passwords, but on the other hand if the user was to use machine generated passwords these are not easily remembered and need to be stored somewhere which leads to another security threat of how and where to store these passwords. I don’t feel that the eye-of-newt(password hint) is beneficial authentication systems , even though it would help a lot of users to remember their passwords it could also be another way for attackers to password guess as some users might not put a sophisticated hint that only reminds them of the password, but the attacker might also be able to guess the password from the hint and that would be another addition to the list of potential threats...
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...1. Introduction 4 2. System Setup 4 3. Implementation requirements: 4 3.1. Software: 4 3.2. Hardware & Internet Requirements: 5 4. Implementation: 5 4.1. Network configuration: 5 4.2. Configuring network on Primary (Master) server: 5 4.3. Configuring network for standby (slave) server: 6 4.4. DHCP Configuration:: 6 4.4.1. The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP): 6 4.4.2. The DHCP Server service provides many benefits: 6 4.4.3. Why use DHCP: 7 4.4.4. DHCP Server configuration: 7 4.4.5. Testing DHCP: 9 4.5. Domain Name System (DNS) 10 4.5.1. How DNS Works: 10 4.5.2. Fully qualified domain name: 10 4.5.2.1 Primary DNS server hassan-srv: 10 4.5.2.2 Testing DNS in the primary server hassan-srv: 14 4.6. Email Service: 14 4.6.1. Introduction...
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...3.2.6 Deployment diagram Deployment diagram defines the physical deployment of artifactson components. To explain a web site, for example, a deployment diagram would demonstrate what hardware components exist (e.g., a web server, an application server, and a database server), what software components run on each node (e.g., web application, database), and how the different pieces are connected (e.g. database connectivity etc.). The nodes appear as boxes, and the artifacts allocated to every node show as rectangles inside the boxes. Nodes may have sub nodes, which appear as nested boxes. A single node in a deployment diagram could conceptually represent many physical nodes, such as a cluster of database servers. There be two types of Nodes: 1. Device Node. 2. Execution Environment Node (EEN). Device nodes are physically computing possessions with processing memory along with services to execute software, such as typical computer or mobile phones. An execution environment node is a software computing resource that runs within an outer node and which itself provides a service toward host and execute additional executable software elements. Fig 3.7: Deployment Diagram of the system 3.3...
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...A. How it is done today In most (if not all) websites the users username and password are stored in a database. The username is usually in plain text and the password is encrypted. At times some salt is also added to the encryption to generate unique encrypted text. B. Problem The problem with this system is that, often hackers get access to the database, and somehow the figure out the password from the database. There have been a lot of encryption algorithms till this day and each one has its rise and fall. C. Proposed Solution 1. What could be done is that the passwords or even the usernames can be rotated after some time interval so that the database at 12:00 hours is not identical to the database at 13:00 hours. There would be a program...
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