...The Nuremberg Laws In the tumultuous period leading up to World War II, a series of laws were devised in Nazi Germany that subjected the Jewish people to prohibitory and discriminatory forms of treatment. Although the Jewish people only accounted for 503,000 of the 55 million occupants of the country, Adolf Hitler’s dictatorship preached the incorporation of anti-Semitism into law and practice in order to quell the people he considered to be the enemy of the country. The Nuremberg Laws, created September 15, 1935, were rooted in the idea of Nazi eugenics; to biologically “improve” the population into achieving the Master race that Hitler envisioned. These laws would ensure that any mixing of German and Jewish blood would cease and thus secure that further generations would be made of “pure” blood. The laws did not necessarily define a Jewish person by the beliefs they practiced, but instead as anyone who had three or four Jewish grandparents regardless of the person’s own beliefs. If a person had one or two Jewish grandparents they were referred to as a “Mischling” or being of “mixed blood” and were still prohibited from such things as citizenship or marriage with German’s that were of “kindred blood.” The Nuremberg Laws themselves consisted of The Reich Citizenship Law and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor. Under the Citizenship Law, German citizenship was taken away from Jews and only given to those who were of “German or kindred blood” and...
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...The Holocaust was a horrible period in the history of the world. It started January 30, 1933 and it ended May 8, 1945. It was a very devastating time. Many Jews lost their lives for no reason at all. When Hitler came into power he put new laws into effect. Some of those laws include the Nuremberg Laws. Nuremberg Laws are institutionalized many for many of the racial theories prevalent in Nazi Ideology. The laws excluded German Jews from Reich Citizenship and prohibited Jews from marrying of having sexual relations with persons of german or related blood. The Nuremberg laws were passed/ Issued in 1935 in Nuremberg Germany. The laws did not define a Jew as a person with religious beliefs. The way they defined someone as a Jew was if they had three of four Jewish Grandparents, and if they converted to Christianity. Another way that they determined if you were a Jew was that they put a red J on their middle names. All of these thing were apart of the Nuremberg Laws and they kept those rules....
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...The Nuremberg Laws: A Giant Step Backward Josh Portnoy The West and the World Period 7 5/10/13 In 1935, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party’s anti-Semitic ideas were gaining strength in many parts of Germany. Many restaurants and department stores displayed signs that forbade Jews from entering, and some areas of Germany banned Jews from using public transportation or public parks. Thousands of Jewish teachers and civil servants had been laid off, national boycotts enforced by paramilitary forces regularly barred Germans from buying from Jewish businesses, and citizens were discouraged from visiting Jewish doctors and lawyers. These actions were intended to cause a mass emigration of Jews from Germany. During the annual Nazi Party Rally held in Nuremberg in September 1935, Adolf Hitler passed two new laws, the Reich Citizenship Law and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor. These laws—to be know as the “Nuremberg Laws”-- deprived Jews of German citizenship and many civil rights. Unresolved in the initial Nuremberg Laws were the actual definition of Jews. The first of thirteen supplementary decrees, all designating the biological composition of Jewish blood, was published on November 14, l935, and defined Jews in terms of their lineage. These laws enforced a new morality on Germans that made it acceptable to ostracize, discriminate, and expel Jews from society. According to Hitler, the...
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...During World War ll, many horrific events occurred. The people that caused the events were put to trial and charged with war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes against peace. Their trials that brought justice were called the Nuremberg trials. The Nuremberg trials were a series of thirteen trials made by the allies held between 1945-1949 (Holocaust Timeline: Aftermath). In these trials, twenty-two criminals were received their punishment for their abominable crimes (Holocaust Timeline: Aftermath). The trials had taken place in Nuremberg, Germany at the Palace of Justice because Berlin had been to war-damaged (Angela Wood, 168, Jason Skog, 28). The trials were also held in Nuremberg because it is where racial laws were passed (Angela...
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...The Holocaust was probably one of the most devastating human death events to ever occur. The term Holocaust actually is the root of the word “holokauston” which in term means “sacrifice by fire.” This was the perfect term seeing how Jews were tormented. Plenty of Jews also used the word Shoah when describing the Holocaust since it is defined as devastation, ruin, or waste.” (Holocaust Facts) It all started when Adolf Hitler was put as the ruler of Germany after World War I. He had the right chance to claim power for Germany because everyone was devastated because of World War I. The Treaty of Versailles destroyed Germany’s economy, industries, facilities, and almost all their land was lost. Adolf Hitler came in and raised the people’s confidence in saying they can do anything they can. Once he did this, people started supporting him. With the power of the people and the government on his side, Hitler associated the Enabling Act. It was officially called the Law for Removing the Distress of the People and the Reich. If passed, it would be the end of democracy in Germany and make Adolf Hitler the dictator of Germany. (Holocaust Facts) With Hitler as the new ruler of Germany he started his so called attempt of a “Perfect Race.” On April 1, 1933, the Nazis started their first action against German Jews by making a boycott of all Jewish-run businesses. (United States Memorial Holocaust and Genocide Studies) At this time, The Nuremberg Trials were being held. These trials were held...
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...The Nuremberg Trials by R. D. A student essay from Dr. Elliot Neaman's History 210 class (historical methods - fall 1996) © Elliot Neaman / PHDN Reproduction interdite par quelque moyen que ce soit / no reproduction allowed ________________________________________ The Nuremberg Trials took place during the immediate aftermath of World War II. They were the first trials in history to indict an entire regime for aggressive war crimes. These crimes included invading other nations, violating the Treaty of Versailles and most significantly, "crimes against humanity". These crimes were what later became known as the Holocaust, in which millions of innocent victims were deported, enslaved and systematically executed. The victims were primarily Jewish however many other victims suffered at the hands of the Nazis such as: Poles, Gypsies, the handicapped and the elderly. The Nuremberg Charter "defined war crimes as violations of the laws or customs of war"(Rosenbaum p, 30). Including killing of hostages, ill-treatment of civilians, use of forced labor and looting of public and private property and racial persecution. The International Military Tribunal, the prosecutors consisting of lawyers and judges from the United States, France, England and the Soviet Union had countless evidence of these crimes committed by the Nazis, however to serve justice to every individual for their inhumane actions was impossible. The Nuremberg Trials prosecuted twenty one defendants (all of whom were...
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...The Holocaust: Suggested Reading There is a wealth of information about the Holocaust. So much has been written, in fact, that it can be difficult to determine where to start. This reading list is collected from recommendations from other members of The Holocaust History Project. It is not a complete bibliography but represents our opinion as to what are the most useful starting places for research. Since this list concentrates on works that are easily available and useful to a person unacquainted with the history of the Holocaust, many excellent books which are rare or out of print are not listed. Another class of books that are not included is works that are controversial because of their contents or the unusual theories they propose. Some of these are excellent works, others are not. But we feel that the reader for whom this list was compiled would not have the knowledge needed to evaluate these discussions of the legitimate controversies about the Holocaust. Just as a medical student must learn anatomy before he or she is taught surgery, someone studying the Holocaust must know the factual background before some of the more technical studies can be understood. As well as general works we have included books of specialized interest concerning the matters about which we at The Holocaust History Project are most frequently asked. Many of these books deal with more than one subject, but in the interest of brevity we have not cited a book more than once. General history of the...
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...enforced various laws for the Jewish individuals living in Germany. The first law was the Civil service law that was signed on April 7th of 1933. The civil service law was also called: “The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service (McKale , 2002, p. 46).” This law stated that any safeguards that the non-Aryans had before Hitler came to power would be taken away and this would result in the dismissal of many non-Aryans from their jobs. Anyone who held a position of office before World War One was exempt from losing their jobs. On April 11th the German government enacted another law called: “The Law Concerning Admission to the Legal Profession (McKale , 2002, p. 47).” This law would take away the jobs of lawyers, public prosecutors, and judges that were to be considered non-Aryan by the German government. Through the law signed on April 7th and the law signed on April 11th, the German government started to reduce the rights that the non-Aryans had while living and working in Germany. Two years later in 1935 the German government passed the Nuremberg laws. The Nuremberg Law was passed on September 15th of 1935 stated that: “It defined a Jew as one descended from three Jewish grandparents. All civil rights were denied, and sexual relations between Jew and Gentile were forbidden, as was the hiring of Gentile maidservants by Jews (Weiss, 1996, p. 309).” The Nuremberg Law, The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service and the Civil Service Law would impact...
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...The Changing of Jewish Life With the rise of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party between 1933 and 1939, Jewish life was changed drastically. This was due to a combination of factors such as Hitler’s rise to power and anti-semitic beliefs, Nuremberg Laws, and Kristallnacht. This essay will serve to explore Jewish life prior to 1933 and explain the many factors that attributed to the changing of Jewish life from 1933 to 1939. Anti-semitism has existed for about two thousand years throughout Europe, but despite this, the life of German Jews was reasonably peaceful before 1933 (Berenbaum 2018). Anti-semitism existed in many forms such as the Jews being scapegoated for the cause of the Black Plague and the death of Christ, as well as employment...
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...The Holocaust What is Genocide? Ushmm.org says genocide is a term used to describe violence against members of a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group with the intent to destroy the entire group. In 1944, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin (1900-1959) sought to describe Nazi policies of systematic murder, including the destruction of the European Jews. He formed the word "genocide" by combining geno-, from the Greek word for race or tribe, with -cide, derived from the Latin word for killing. The Holocaust is one of many examples of genocide. On January 30th, 1933 according to ushmm.org, the Jewish population in Europe stood at nine million. Most Jews lived in the areas the Nazi’s would later occupy during World War II. In 1945, The Germans and collaborators had killed two of three...
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...The Nuremberg Trials was created to bring justice to the Nazis. Nuremberg Trials took place in 1945 - 1949. The Nuremberg Trials had over 13 trials in Nuremberg. The defendants were German industrialists, lawyers and doctors were charged for crimes against peace, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and a common or conspiracy to commit. Adolf Hitler committed suicide and was never brought to trial. (Encyclopædia Britannica, inc.) There was 216 court sessions. On october 1, 1946 there was 22 of the 24 original defendants 2 of them committed suicide during the trial. On December 1942, leaders of Great Britain, United States, and Soviet Union “issued the first joint declaration officially noting the mass murder of European Jewry and resolving to prosecute those responsible for violence against civilian populations,”. (A+E Networks) The Soviet Union wanted to execute 100,000 of the high ranking Nazi Officers. Winston Churchill (The British Prime Minister) talked about the possibility to execute without trial. But the Americans persuaded the other nations to do a criminal trial since it would be more effective. Among other things it would require extra documentation of the crimes charges against the defendants and prevent any accusations later on that the defendants have been blamed for...
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...National Socialist German Worker's Party, planned to murder the Jewish people. They called this plot, “the final solution.” The Holocaust was a devastating time during World War Two,that changed the lives of many people all over the world. The name holocaust comes from the Greek word “holokauston”, meaning sacrifice from fire. The holocaust killed many groups of people such as the Gypsies, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, the disabled for persecution, but mostly the Jews. When Hitler first gained power, he formed an advanced police and military force to smother anyone who criticized his authority. With this force, Hitler developed the first concentration camp, Dachau. A concentration camp was used to work and starve prisoners to death. Later Dachau became a huge concentration camp to exterminate Jews. Hitler made life miserable for Jews. On April of 1933, the Nazis initiated by boycotting all Jewish ran businesses. The Nuremberg Laws issued in September of 1935, made it so Jews were excluded from most public life. The law included exposing the German Jews of their citizenship, and outlawed marriages and extramarital sex between Jews and Germans. This law was the start of all legal standards for additional anti-Jewish legislation. After the Nuremberg Laws, many new laws against Jews were created. These laws kept Jews away from parks, fired them from civil service jobs, forced Jews to register their property, and prohibited Jewish doctors...
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...Name: Global II Date: The Holocaust Historical Information: According to the Holocaust Museum, the Holocaust was the state-sponsored, systematic persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1933 and 1945 (www.ushmm.org). The Task: View the United States Holocaust Museum web site to familiarize yourself with this horrific time period. As you browse, please click on and view the pictures, maps and graphics that accompany the text you read. Step by Step: 1. Type in www.ushmm.org 2. Scroll down and look to the left menu bar. 3. Under Education, click on “for students” 4. Scroll down and on the bottom, click on “The Holocaust: A Learning Site for Students.” 5. Click on “View More.” 6. Click on the headings that match the headings on your web quest. Click on Jews in Pre War Germany 1. How did Hitler define a “Jew?” How did this alter the number of Jews in Germany? 2. ________% of Jews held German citizenship, totaling approximately _________________ people. _________________ percent of Jews in Germany lived in _______________________. The largest Jewish populated area was _______________________. Click on Anti-Semitism 1. Describe reasons for anti-Semitism in Europe. European leaders who wanted to establish colonies in Africa and Asia argued that whites were superior to other races and therefore had to spread and take over the "weaker"...
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...The Holocaust It all started in 1933 when Hitler came to power in Germany. Adolf Hitler was a very strong minded individual that liked everything to go his way, and for what he believed in. Germany was already a very racial country, and judged people strongly on their religious beliefs, and their political communities. The Nazis, also known as the National Socialist German Worker's Party, planned to murder the Jewish people. They called this plot, “the final solution.” The Holocaust was a devastating time during World War Two,that changed the lives of many people all over the world. The name holocaust comes from the Greek word “holokauston”, meaning sacrifice from fire. The holocaust killed many groups of people such as the Gypsies, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, the disabled for persecution, but mostly the Jews. When Hitler first gained power, he formed an advanced police and military force to smother anyone who criticized his authority. With this force, Hitler developed the first concentration camp, Dachau. A concentration camp was used to work and starve prisoners to death. Later Dachau became a huge concentration camp to exterminate Jews. Hitler made life miserable for Jews. On April of 1933, the Nazis initiated by boycotting all Jewish ran businesses. The Nuremberg Laws issued in September of 1935, made it so Jews were excluded from most public life. The law included exposing the German Jews of their citizenship, and outlawed marriages...
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...Concentration Camps during The Holocaust A concentration camp is where prisoners of war, enemy aliens, and political prisoners are detained and confined, typically under harsh conditions, or place or situation characterized by extremely harsh conditions. The first concentration camps were established in 1933 for confinement of opponents of the Nazi Party. The supposed opposition soon included all Jews, Gypsies, and certain other groups. By 1939 there were six camps: Dachau, Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald, Mauthausen, Flossenburg, and Ravensbruck. It all started in 1933 when Hitler came to power in Germany. Adolf Hitler was a very strong minded individual that liked everything to go his way, and for what he believed in. Germany was already a very racial country, and judged people strongly on their religious beliefs, and their political communities. The Nazis, also known as the National Socialist German Worker's Party, planned to murder the Jewish people. They called this plot, "the final solution." The Holocaust was a devastating time during World War Two,that changed the lives of many people all over the world. The name holocaust comes from the Greek word "holokauston", meaning sacrifice from fire. The holocaust killed many groups of people such as the Gypsies, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, the disabled for persecution, but mostly the Jews. When Hitler first gained power, he formed an advanced police and military force to smother anyone who criticized his authority. With...
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