...Importance of Theory Paper THE ROY ADAPTATAION MODEL Kandace Wood Chamberlain College of Nursing Course Number: N501 March 2015 Introduction: Theories and models despite not being synonymous are used interchangeably in nursing. In general a theory is considered to be a speculative statement that is concerned with some elements of reality that are not yet proven. There are a number of theories in the field of nursing also which are used to support practice and decision making. In this regard, Viki Burges writes, “The application of individual nursing practice is based on a combination of scientific, medical, philosophical, psychological, sociological, and nursing theories. There is no one theory that fits every situation, area of practice or practitioner” (Burges, 2009). There are a number of grand theories in nursing of which one is the Roy adaptation model. This model was developed by Sister Callista Roy as a framework for theory, practice, and research in nursing. An important fundamental assumption in the Roy Adaptation model is that the person is a bio-psycho-social being who is in constant interaction with a changing environment. Despite being considered a complex model, it has been used widely and several research studies have highlighted its importance and effectiveness in health care settings. Basic Assumptions of the Roy Adaptation Model: The basic assumptions of the Roy Adaptation model have been discussed...
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...Application of Theory DeepaK USF NR 501 Theoretical Basis for Advanced Nursing Practice Nursing Theories In nursing there are theories that determine how the profession is going to be handled. Scholars and other practitioners of medicines have proved these theories. In our case we will be looking how these theories are applicable in the entire world of nursing medicine. What are nursing theories? Nursing theories are theories that describe, develop, and provides on how nursing profession should be carried out. These theories provide information on how or on the ground on how the terms of nursing terms can be defined and even touches on how principles of nursing and how the basis of nursing and how it can be improved. In the nursing, there are many theories in nursing but in our case we will only touch on Grand theory and Middle range theory. These two theories are very vast when it comes to nursing and we need to divulge some details as we go on. Grand theory: Adaptation concept and Behavior concept This is a very broad theory that does not intend to achieve a certain goal, or we can also state that this theory is composed of concepts that represent global or wide and extremely complex phenomena. It is actually the widest in the scope and also it represents the most abstract in nursing in which several things are checked and tested. Generally a grand theory is not intended for the formation for the particular...
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...A grand theory in nursing would be Doretha Orem’s self care theory. This theory encompasses the entire concept of nursing in the fact that it states individuals will strive to meet healthcare needs to maintain health and wellness. This is very broad, can not be tested and is used in a variety of settings and populations. Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory is that all patients want to care for themselves, and they are able to recover more quickly and holistically by performing their own self-care as much as they're ablethat it can easily be applied to a variety of nursing situations and patients. The generality of its principles and concepts make it easily adaptable to different settings, and nurses and patients can work together to ensure that the patients receive the best care possible, but are also able to Middle range theories focus on experiences that are commonly recognized in nursing. Mishel’s Uncertanity in illness theory was formed specifically for nurses to understand how patients comprehend illness and the stress that comes with it and how patients handle that stress. Mishel was able to measure this with the Mishel Uncertanity in Illness Scale. Nursing interventions to reduce stress,helps patients to adapt and cope with hospitilization Dorothea E. Orem: Known as the Self-Care Theory, Orem's vision of health is a state characterized by wholeness of developed human structures and of bodily and mental functioning. It includes physical, psychological, interpersonal...
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...how nursing theory has helped facilitate the development of nursing knowledge. The nursing profession has progressed greatly since it roots with Florence Nightingale, moving from reliance upon total medical direction for providing basic care and “the first duty of the nurse it that of obedience-absolute fidelity to his orders, even if the necessity of the prescribed measures is not apparent, you have no responsibility beyond that of faithfully carrying out the directions received” (Jennifer C. Telford), into an autonomous practice with its own nursing theory practices, models, and interventions. Theories are a set of interrelated concepts that give a systematic view of a phenomenon (an observable fact or event) that is explanatory and predictive in nature (Nursing Theories: a companion to nursing theories and models, 2013). Without theory what steps would be taken next, would we as nurses remain static in our fields never growing. That is not an option. A big reason for research and theories is for the development of knowledge that can then be applied in the nursing fields and or education of future nurses (Ida T. Bjork, 2013). It closes the gap between possibilities to practice. “A major drive to knowledge translation is the potential and need for improvement in clinical care (Ida T. Bjork, 2013). “It should provide the foundations of nursing practice, help to generate further knowledge and indicate in which direction nursing should develop in the future. Theory is important...
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...Nursing Theory, Research and Evidence Based Practice Over years nursing has been evolving as a science and the nursing practice became governed and organized now by rules, regulations and theories. Since 1992 Evidence Based practice (EBP) has been formally introduced to the field of nursing, and nursing policies and procedures have been changed accordingly due to the advances in research. Our practice is guided by our beliefs and directed by our advanced knowledge, (Laureate education 2010). Describe a change in practice that came out because of theory based research and evidence As discussed earlier nursing practice is in constant change, the latest change I have seen in my Intensive care unit (ICU) was the emphasis on early removal of unnecessary Foley catheters (Urinary catheters) , as many studied has shown its direct coloration with urinary tract infections, (Dr. L. Brusch MD, 2012). Every day the Foley catheter stays. The incidence of catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is increased by 3-10%, and about 80% of nosocomial UTI’s is related to urethral catheterization. What kind of evidence where used The evidence used was urine specimens (urinalysis and urine cultures), blood test and clinical presentation. Urine cultures has showed bacterial colonization, meanwhile CBC showed leukocytosis, more over the clinical picture of fever, chills, puss around the site of insertion, pain, redness also supports the diagnosis of CAUTI, (Dr. L. Brusch...
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...Connell School of Nursing. As a researcher some of her research interests are conceptualizing and measuring coping, basis of adaptation nursing, implications of individual and common good for clinical nursing, and emerging nursing knowledge and practice outcome. She developed the Adaptation Model of Nursing in 1976. The theory was influenced by observations of practice; insights derived from existing theories and other literature sources. After working with Dorothy E Johnson, Roy’s mentor during her graduate nursing education, she encouraged Roy to develop her thoughts on adaptation into conceptual framework for nursing. Roy becomes convinced of the importance of describing the nature of nursing as a service to society. This prompted her to begin her model with goal of nursing being to promote adaptation. Roy’s model was conceived when nursing theorist Dorothy Johnson challenged her students during a seminar to develop conceptual model of nursing. Johnson’s nursing model was the impetus/motivation for the development of Roy’s adaptation model. Roy’s model incorporated concepts from Adaptation – Level – Theory of Perception from renowned American physiological psychologist Harry Helson, Ludwig von Bertalanffy’s system model and Anatol Rapoport’s system definition (nurseslabs.com). Roy combines Helson’s work with Rapoport’s definition of system and views the person as an adaptive system. Her clinical experience is another factor that motivated her to develop her theory. Roy worked...
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...University of Phoenix Material Nursing Theorist Grid 1. Theorist Selected: Ida Orlando Description of key points of the theory: Orlando's Deliberative Nursing Process has a framework that consists of five concepts. 1. Professional Nursing Function is the organizing principle- The patient is the focal point in nursing. The nurse must find out and meet the immediate need the patient. 2. Patient's presenting behavior- problematic situation. When the patient's equilibrium is offset he/she exhibits behaviors that draw the nurses' attention. 3. Immediate reaction- Internal Response is a proactive response that causes the nurse to have an automatic response that is cognitive and affective (Alligood, 2010). According to the nurse’s interpretation of the patient's behavior, therefore, the nurse need to assess the situation first to gain an understanding of the problem. 4. Deliberative Nursing Process-Reflective Inquiry views the patient and nurse as a functional unit that draws from each other. The nurse’s behavior affects the patient, and the patient's behavior affects the nurse. To better understand the patient the nurse must focus on the actuality of the problem instead of assuming what the problem may be. This part of the theory is deliberate because the nurse must separate their immediate observation, thoughts, and feelings from each other (Alligood, 2010). Orlando (Alligood, 2010) brings to our attention as nurses that we should not assume that we have corrected...
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...Five Stages of Nursing Theory and Philosophy NU 500 UNIT 1 June 6, 2012 Jeanne Greer, RN Saint Joseph's University Five Stages of Nursing Theory and Philosophy Nursing has made phenomenal achievement in the last century that has led to the recognition of nursing as an academic discipline and a profession. According to Fawcett (1980), a move towards theory-based practice has made nursing meaningful (p. 10). When talking about nursing theory development, it is important to identify the stages that nursing theory development has gone through to define and guide nursing practice. It is widely believed that the use of theory offers structure and organization to nursing knowledge. George (2002) defined theory as “a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purpose, systematic view of phenomena by describing, explaining, predicting, and/or prescribing”(p. 3). Theory development seeks to help the nurse understand the practice in a more complete and insightful way and provides a method of identifying and expressing key ideas about the essence of practice. Theory development is a complex, time consuming process that covers a number of stages or phases from inception of concepts to testing of theoretical propositions through research (Taylor & Renpenny 2011) Kidd and Morrison (1988) described five stages of nursing theory development (McEwen &Wills...
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...Transcultural Nursing Model Transcultural Nursing Theory Transcultural Nursing Theory was developed by Madeleine Leininger. The theory first appeared in Leininger’s publication in 1991 but the theory itself was developed in the 1950s. Early in her nursing practice, Madeleine Leininger through observation, recognized that there was an important component of patient care that was missing. She noticed the lack of recognition and integration of patient’s cultural background into their plan of care. She recognized that patient’s cultural background influences their responses to health and illness and more importantly she believed that part of viewing the patient as a whole is taking into account their culture and cultural background in developing a plan of care. Her theory attempts to provide culturally competent nursing care through “cognitively based assistive, supportive, facilitative, or enabling acts or decisions that are mostly tailor-made to fit with individual, groups, or institution’s cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways.” The goal is to improve health outcome for people who are of different cultural backgrounds. Transcultural Nursing Theory has 3 components to it, the assessment, nursing care plan and evaluation. Leininger believed that a culturally friendly care for the patient begins with a culturalogical assessment which take into consideration the cultural background of an individual patient in relation to his or her health experience. This assessment also require...
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...Viewpoints on Nursing Theories Name Institution Viewpoints on Nursing Theory Middle-range theories comprise of fewer numbers of concepts and propositions. These theories are more concrete and address specific issues more precisely (Fawcett, 2004). The three most common are deliberative nursing process by Orlando, the theory of interpersonal relations by Peplau and theory of human caring proposed by Watson. Fawcett provides three types of the middle-range theories that include; descriptive, explanatory and predictive theories (2004). Middle-range descriptive theories describe a given phenomenon and put it into categories such as mutually exclusive, overlapping hierarchical, and sequential. The explanatory theories will tell more of any relationships that exist between two or more concepts. The predictive theories, on the other hand, seek to verify the effects on one or more concepts when some other related concepts are varied. Evidence-based nursing practice is the deliberate application of theories on human beings related experiences in an effort to guide actions involved in the nursing process. The primary goal of embracing evidence-based practice is to ensure that the healthcare system provides results that are quality and cost-effective. The evidence-based practice are developed from the merging of best research evidence with clinical expertise and the patient needs (Burns and Grove, 2011). In the act of practicing nursing, middle-range theories play an...
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...Florence Nightingale’s Nursing Theory Olivia Briscoe The University of Alabama Capstone College of Nursing NUR 308: Conceptual Foundations of Nursing Fall, 2014 Florence Nightingale’s Nursing Theory Nursing theory serves to distinguish the nursing profession from other professions by delineating shared assumptions; values; and defining the nature, outcome, and purpose of nursing practice (Rutty, 1998). Nursing theory is a concept that provides a description, explanation, prediction, or prescription for various aspects of nursing care. (Meleis, 2011, as cited in Perry, 2013). Nursing theory is integrated and applied to real life situations as opposed to merely remaining a theory. Perry (2013) explains that miscellaneous information is not collected for arbitrary reasons, but instead to incorporate into saving lives and improving the patient’s treatment plan. The purpose of this paper is to identify Florence Nightingale’s specific contributions to nursing theory, to evaluate the current significance of this theory, and to examine how this theory applies to professional nursing. Dossey (2010a) identifies Nightingale as the first to develop a widely known nursing theory and as the founder of contemporary nursing. Her accomplishments are numerous, including creating at least 1000 training schools located in 20 different countries and having them named in her honor (Dossey, 2010a). Perry (2013) identifies Nightingale’s main goal of nursing to be the manipulation of...
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...Madeleine Leininger’s Trancultural nursing theory overview and clinical application Introduction and background “ A lack of cultural and care knowledge is the missing link to nursing’s understanding of the many variations required in patient care.” (Sitzman, Eichelberger, 2011, p. 93). Madeleine Leininger first developed the transcultural nursing theory in the 1950’s. She had an epiphany during some time spent in a child guidance home. She deduced that the reoccurring behavior patterns in the children had an underlying cultural basis (Sitzman, Eichelberger, 2011). She formed a theory of Culture Care to improve the way people of multiple cultures are being cared for in hospitals and other care centers. Leininger preferred to address patient care as a holistic project and incorporated her theory to caring about the patient’s mental and emotional wellbeing as it relates to a patient’s cultural comfort level with any particular medical procedure or nursing care protocol. She addressed the need to change nursing from a merely physical and physiological care of a patient into a more encompassing role of addressing cares as they relate to culture and religious beliefs of patients (Leininger, 1992, p. 1). This paper will define the theory and discuss cliical applications of this theory. Culture, caring, diversity and values are keywords one observes in this Theory’s basic tenets. Basic assumptions one sees from reading a summarized listing of the theory’s tenets are that...
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...like a tree without roots” (Marcus Garvey). Understanding nursing theory and how it has developed throughout the decades allows us to know what the root of our profession entails. “ Each era addressed nursing knowledge in a unique way that contributed to the history of nursing “( Alligood 2010). We have the unique opportunity to not only understand how nursing rose to meet the challenges and needs of those they served but also use that knowledge to forge new pathways. History offers insights into social pressures of the past, such as access to health care and the role of women. Intertwined into that history are the many theorists that influenced and guided nursing practice. The contributions of the theorists present nursing as a discipline and provide knowledge structure for further development (Alligood 2010). Historical achievements have advanced nursing practice towards the goals of establishing nursing as a profession. Early in the twentieth century nurses recognized the need to establish nursing as a profession and began the transition from vocation to profession (Alligood 2010). Nurses began to enter universities resulting in advances in practice and knowledge. The criterion requiring specialized knowledge was pertinent in the transition from vocation to profession (Alligood 2010). As we face the many challenges of the future of healthcare, continued theory development is crucial to the progression of nursing. As technological advances increase- critical, logical and...
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...Madeleine Leininger was one of the most influential nursing theorists for laying groundwork on caring clients of various cultures. Her work is known as “The Transcultural Nursing theory”. With the world being such a melting pot of culture, nurses must be very cognizant of how they come across to clients. One expression of caring may mean something completely different in other cultures and allow a communication barriers to be put up. Culture is defined as a way of thinking, behaving, or working that exists in a place or organization (Merriam-Webster, 2013). These beliefs may have been handed down from many generations of relatives. Leininger says in her theory that nurses must take in consideration the patient’s culture and background in order to provide them with the best care possible (Nursing Theory, 2013). Leininger identified three nursing decisions and actions that achieve culturally friendly care for the patient. They are: cultural preservation or maintenance, cultural care accommodation or negotiation, and cultural care repatterning or restructuring (Nursing Theory, 2013). An example would be, in the Indian culture, a family who seeks fertility treatments through donor sperm or egg donation, cannot pick an unknown donor. They must choose a family member. If the physician and medical staff know this, they show caring by going out of their way to accommodate the patient and their families. Another example would be if a patient has dietary restrictions while...
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...Nursing Theory Development Stephanie Woina St Joseph’s College of Maine Nursing Theory Development The nursing world is abundant with different theories to guide people through nursing practice. Each theory varies depending on the theorist and their knowledge base in nursing. The nursing profession has grown and changed since the days of Florence nightingale and the stages of nursing theory development reflect this. The initial stage of nursing theory, the silent knowledge stage lasted from the 1860s up until WWII. Once the American Medical Association realized the relationship between nursing and patients’ health, formal training for nurses began in 1872 at the New England Hospital. The training that followed for nurses took place in hospitals and was led by physicians and hospital administrators. This nursing education was very technical and focused on following physician orders without question. The nurses were treated poorly, overworked and looked at as labors to blindly follow a doctor’s lead (McEwen & Wills, 2011). Their scope of practice was very limited during this time, there was no independent thinking and nursing were thought of as subservient to physicians and taught to follow their orders without question. According to Parker and Smith, before World War II nurses did not take blood pressures or give injections because “they did not claim the use of these techniques to facilitate their nursing” (2010, p. 22). While nursing education has evolved...
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