...The profession of professional nursing has made many changes in the past half century and is expected to make many more by the middle of the twenty first century. These changes range from more technically challenging work both in and outside of the hospital, increasingly more complex patients, the need for critical thinking skills and the explosion of technology related to healthcare. Educational emphasis has evolved since the mid 20th century and will become increasingly more vital as the profession moves to the future. With all these changes in nursing the basics are still there; patient centered care, empathy, providing Maslow’s basic needs. During the Second World War the practice of nursing changed (Morgan, 1998). Nurses were no longer confined to the hospital, “they were really at the patient’s bedside, making their own choices based on their own clinical judgment and dealing with the consequences. They were discovering that’s what nursing is all about” (Morgan, 1998). Health care priorities also moved from the health of the community to the health and well being of the individual (Klainberg, 2010). Post Second World War also saw the ability of global travel. Air travel expanded and traveling from continent to continent in a day was becoming more feasible. With that comes the risk of spreading infectious diseases more easily. With that, fortunately, the discoveries of new and more effective antibiotics were taking off in the healthcare system. (Klainberg, 2010)...
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...20th Century Nursing Advances Ashley G. Tamayao University of Saint Lo uis Abstract This report includes the formation of different organization on national and international level, and milestone of different country on how each of them adapt to nursing standards during 20th and 21st century. This report also shows how nursing education evolves through time and the changes occurred to improve the practice of nursing. This also describes models of different theorists of nursing they derived that mold the hands of nurses for a more capable and more holistic care towards patient. 20th Century Nursing Advances During the 20th century the world has embraced innovation and reform. Throughout history, the needs for change have been the catalyst for people and organizations to give contribution to nursing education, practice and research. Nursing education has been determined not only by the evolution of technology and advances in science, but by the needs and development of society. The beginning of the 20th century was very significant because the first conference of the International Council of Nurses (ICN) met in New York State and passed a resolution stating that all nurses should be licensed by examination (Kalisch & Kalisch, 1978). As a result of the conference made by the International Council for Nurses (ICN), the Nurses Registration Act was passed on 12 September 1901 in New Zealand, providing for the registration of trained nurses. The legislation came...
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...THE FUTURE OF NURSING Future of Nursing Future of Nursing The education that was taught to nurses up and well into the 20th century is no longer valid for dealing with all the health care issues in the 21st century. The American population is growing older and more diverse with cultural, social-economics, race, ethnicity, and religions. There is a larger shift in the nation’s health care needs for the 21st century. Health care issues today have many chronic conditions such as, arthritis, hypertension, diabetes, cardio-vascular diseases, many mental health issues, and increasing obesity levels in the old as well as in the young. The registered nurse with a higher education will be able to function in unpredictable and complex situations. The registered nurse with a baccalaureate is able to demonstrate flexibility and critical thinking. The old, tired way nurses have been educated will be replaced with advanced learning in community-based, multidisciplinary patient care delivery system of the future. Nurses will no longer be in the back seat due to lesser education, but will be seated side-by-side with other heath care disciplines making educated decisions, quality improvements, and have great system thinking skills. The higher educated nurse will have great team leadership skills. Nursing education was primarily taught for health care challenges of the early 20th century. Education for nurses leading into the 20th century was the basics of keeping patients...
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...Nursing is a dynamic profession and life long learning is essential for nurses to stay current with the increased complexity of the healthcare needs of today and into the future.In other words, the needs of our patients are changing, as we must change in order to be prepared to better serve that need. Nursing has a long history of formal education which moved out of hospitals and into colleges and universities early last century. The associate degree level of nursing was developed out of a need to produce nurses in response to a shortage during and following World War II. It was a proposed as a temporary solution to a shortage to a shortage but was not intended to replace the professional level of nursing education. The ADN program require about 2 yrs for the student to complete. The Adn nurses are associate degree in nursing, ADN nurses have clinical skills and hands on basic skills but they lack both management and leadership skills with in the nursing field. Additionally they lack research skills used in nursing as well as knowledge on informatics the use of technological advances in enhancing quality medical delivery. ADN gives you the fundamentals of nursing practices. They basic theory, skills, competencies knowledge of scope of practice and legalities for licensure and the essential general education core that is necessary as a foundation [English, psychology, biology chemistry, anatomy and physiology , etc].it gives you the bare minimum knowledge required...
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...history of nursing can be traced back to the early first and second centuries, or even earlier, the study of nursing research and theories is a 20th and 21st century phenomena. The act of nursing is rooted in the Greco-Roman tradition of humanista, which core values are respect for the dignity of person, and the right to be free of pain and suffering; and the Judaic – Christian tradition of Caritas, with core values of solidarity with the sick, hungry, homeless, and hopeless (Evers, 2003). Coming from this line of thought it is not surprising that Florence Nightingale as a professed Christian chose to care and advocate for the sick and poor. The study and history of professional nursing science, research, and theories although a late 20th and 21st century phenomena, is said to begin with Florence Nightingale. Her use of mathematical and statistical data to show the relevance of her findings; that environmental factors can, and do influence patient’s rate of recovery was the beginning of nursing research and science as it is known today. One could almost imply that Nightingale knew that outcome measures needed to be “relevant, and address both the constant and variable components in order to determine effectiveness of an outcome” (Blackwood, 2006). Over the past centuries, Nursing as an independent science has emerged as a rich culture of theoretical perspectives and frame-works that have impacted the profession positively. Until the mid-1800s the act of nursing was performed...
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...The history of Nursing Science Theresa Nwaoha-Ezekwo NUR/13 October 25, 2012 Pam Monroe Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory While the history of nursing can be traced back to the early first and second centuries, or even earlier, the study of nursing research and theories is a 20th and 21st century phenomena. The act of nursing is rooted in the Greco-Roman tradition of humanista, which core values are respect for the dignity of person, and the right to be free of pain and suffering; and the Judaic – Christian tradition of Caritas, with core values of solidarity with the sick, hungry, homeless, and hopeless (Evers, 2003). Coming from this line of thought it is not surprising that Florence Nightingale as a professed Christian chose to care and advocate for the sick and poor. The study and history of professional nursing science, research, and theories although a late 20th and 21st century phenomena, is said to begin with Florence Nightingale. Her use of mathematical and statistical data to show the relevance of her findings; that environmental factors can, and do influence patient’s rate of recovery was the beginning of nursing research and science as it is known today. One could almost imply that Nightingale knew that outcome measures needed to be “relevant, and address both the constant and variable components in order to determine effectiveness of an outcome” (Blackwood, 2006). Over the past centuries, Nursing as an independent science has emerged...
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...released its recommendations on nursing in the US. According to the report it is crucial for nurses to obtain higher levels of education and training. You can depend on the IOM to be a fair and reputable organization. The IOM works with national academies and has a large number of professionals and volunteers. Their time is spent trying to come up with ideas to improve and support health. In order to manage the increasing responsibilities that come with the rapidly growing health care, nurses have to increase their level of education and training. Nurses need to be able to take the role as leaders, particularly nurses who practice in primary care. A report issued by the IOM proposed that these better-trained nurses can fill a gap. This brings up an old debate regarding what is “scope of practice.” Should nurses be able to order tests, write prescriptions and take on other responsibilities only reserved to doctors? Health challenges have shifted in the 21st century. In the 20th century we focused more on treating acute illnesses and injuries. Today Americans are older, those 65 and older will be almost 20% of the population by 2030. The older population creates more chronic conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, arthritis and mental health conditions. This is compounded by the increasing obesity levels in the US. Education for the 20th century is not acceptable for the changes we are facing in the 21st century. The environment where the patient...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Christopher Vinson NUR/513 January 1, 2015 Historical Development of Nursing The historical development of nursing today is based upon the lives of many, their contributions, sacrifices and experiences. These things brought about renovations in patient care. Different ways of thinking led to research, theories and evidenced based practice. The importance of studying nursing history has led to overall progression of nursing as a profession. In order to fully study the historical development of nursing we need to study all aspects of nursing science throughout time, explain the relationships between nursing science and our profession, as well as influences of other disciplines on the development of nursing. Time Line Specific Years, Theories, Theorists, and Nursing Historical Events Prior to the 17th century. Prior to the 17th century to the 19th century, nursing care included basic hygiene, and primarily comfort needs. These were carried out by Nuns, and other religious groups (Craven & Hirnle, 2003). Nursing could possibly be the oldest profession. It started with wet nurses, who delivered babies, cared for them and their mothers (Weatherford, 2014). 19th century. Florence Nightingale developed the Environmental Theory. During the Crimean War she noticed more soldiers died of disease then of battlefield injuries. Through research she believed that dirt, and lack of cleanliness led to diseases. She instituted...
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...higher institutions like Universities and colleges have responded to this demand previously by providing more nurses, for example more pathways were created to allow more people to become registered nurses (RNs) either as BSN, ADN or the more recently introduced program that allows students who already have baccalaureate degree in another field to become nurses with bachelor’s or masters degree in nursing. The IOM report indicates that our 20th century nursing educations are not sufficient and falls short of 21st century health needs. It is clear by all accounts that patients needs and environment of which nurses’ practice are continuously becoming more complex, this condition require nurse to sharpen their competencies to deliver high-quality care. This calls for different approach to nursing education and training. The report calls for new training that focuses on transforming Practice, Transforming Education, and Transforming Leadership. Based on the current scope of nursing practice, we can induce that U.S. nurses were trained to treat acute illnesses and injuries based on 20th century needs which is no longer adequate...
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...Why RN TO BSN The Need for Highly-Educated Nurses In the 21st century, the health challenges facing the nation have shifted dramatically. The American population is older—Americans 65 and older will be nearly 20 percent of the population by 2030—as well as more diverse with respect not only to race and ethnicity but also other cultural and socioeconomic factors. In addition to shifts in the nation’s demographics, there also have been shifts in that nation’s health care needs. Most health care today relates to chronic conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and mental health conditions, due in part to the nation’s aging population and compounded by increasing obesity levels. While chronic conditions account for most of the care needed today, the U.S. health care system was primarily built around treating acute illnesses and injuries, the predominant health challenges of the early 20th century. The ways in which nurses were educated during the 20th century are no longer adequate for dealing with the realities of health care in the 21st century. As patient needs and care environments have become more complex, nurses need to attain requisite competencies to deliver high-quality care. These competencies include leadership, health policy, system improvement, research and evidence-based practice, and teamwork and collaboration, as well as competency in specific content areas such as community and public health and geriatrics. Nurses also...
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...Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice. Nurses practice in a wide diversity of practice areas with a different scope of practice and level of prescriber authority in each. Many nurses provide care within the ordering scope of physicians, and this traditional role has come to shape the historic public image of nurses as care providers. However, nurses are permitted by most jurisdictions to practice independently in a variety of settings depending on training level. In the postwar period, nurse education has undergone a process of diversification towards advanced and specialized credentials, and many of the traditional regulations and provider roles are changing. Nurses develop a plan of care, working collaboratively with physicians, therapists, the patient, the patient's family and other team members, that focuses on treating illness to improve quality of life. In the U.S., advanced practice nurses, such as clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners, diagnose health problems and prescribe medications and other therapies, depending on individual state regulations. Nurses may help coordinate the patient care performed by other members of an interdisciplinary health care team such as therapists...
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...practitioners become attuned to the critical interaction of populations with their social, cultural, and physical environments, they are identifying strategies beyond individual solutions and addressing environmental factors to create living conditions that promote health. Nurses make up the single largest professional discipline in the public health workforce today, and the time has come for them to play key roles again in this crucial function of public health practice. By the end of the 20th century, public health nurses found their realm of action shifting from earlier broad environmental health and safety concerns to a focus on individual health. With the new century underway, the time is ripe for a widespread return of public health nursing practice to leadership roles in improving health through broader environmental and social action. Historical background The modern public health enterprise in the United States owes much to Lillian Wald, who established public health nursing in the US and practiced in Manhattan’s lower east side beginning in the 1890s. She and her nurse colleagues recognized first-hand the limitations of treating illness and offering health education to people who were living in crowded tenements. Wald noted the irony when she wrote,...
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...From Nightingale to Now: The Evolution of Nursing and Nursing Theory Student Name Professor Name Course Name and Number School Name Date The profession of nursing has come a long way in the past century. In the 1880s nurses had a reputation as being “drunken, dishonest, and disreputable” (Hoyt, 2010); today, Americans rank nursing as the most ethical profession in the field of health care (Hoyt, 2010). Florence Nightingale was single-handedly responsible for changing not just the way nursing is conducted, but also changing public perception of the nursing profession. In the years since Nightingale established nursing as a serious and legitimate profession, many theories have been developed that continue to codify and define what nursing is and how nurses can best serve their patients. At the core of all these theories remains the most important concept Nightingale established: nurses must have a “single eye to the patient’s good” (Hoyt, 2010). The foundational paradigm of Nightingale’s approach to nursing was strict adherence to a code of ethics. Nightingale insisted that her students be “sober and truthful” (Hoyt, 2010) and that they treat patients in an ethical manner. Nightingale...
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...Running head: The impact on nursing of the 2010 IOM Report The Impact on nursing of the 2010 IOM report on the future of nursing. THE IMPACT ON NURSING OF THE 2010 IOM REPORT ON THE FUTURE OF NURSING. The institute of medicine and the Robert Wood Johnson foundation formed a Committee to look into ways of making nursing a strong profession where nurses become partners and leaders to improve health care in the period of health care reforms, this led to the creation of Robert Wood Johnson initiative (RWJF) on the future of nursing in conjunction with the Institute of medicine (IOM), The Committee made some recommendations on nursing in the United States titled “ The future of Nursing: Leading change, advancing health” The RWJF and IOM worked on this project for two years.in order to study, research learn and understand the implications for nursing as a profession being the largest component of health care workforce of this anticipated changes in health care. To realize this vision of transforming the health care system into a safe, accessible, patient centered care, this will require improved nursing education before and after nurses are licensed. The RWJF and IOM considered many challenges that face nursing education and proffered solutions that will assist in advancing the health care system, the Committee determined that nurses should be trained at higher levels of education by improving...
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...Health Care Museum Judy Morgan Health Care Delivery in the U.S. - HCS235 09/03/2013 Elaina Mahlan, Facilitator Health Care Museum This proposal for the new health care hall of fame exhibits will discuss the history, impact developments, and how these exhibits relate to each other in the health care system. Exhibit A: Home Health Care Historic timeline of (VNA) Visiting nursing association, is not a replacement for all hospital care, but has become an important setting for delivering preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitation, and long term maintenance services, while proving care in the home since the 1800’s.Visiting nurse association is known by several names; VNA, or home health care agency/association. Dating back to 1896, with Anna Millard and Omaha Women’s club, organized the “VNA” to aide Miss Millard in her benevolent work (vnna,2013 ). With long history of providing care, VNA are recognized as an important community resource, as patients spend less time in the hospital and the American population continues to age. The demand for home health care has been steadily increasing according to VNA,2013. Medicaid, Medicare, third party payers, tax-deductible charitable contributions reimburse VNA services. Exhibit B: Public Health The most factors in improving the health of the people of the United States are the clean water, clean air, and the control of sewage, according to “Health in America Milestones”, being the biggest preventive to cured illness...
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