...Nutrition and Academic Performance 1 NUTRITION AND ITS EFFECTS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE HOW CAN OUR SCHOOLS IMPROVE? By Amy Ross SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS EDUCATION AT NORTHERN MICHIGAN UNDERSITY July 28, 2010 APPROVED BY: DATE: Derek L. Anderson, Ed.D. August 2, 2010 Nutrition and Academic Performance 2 Table of contents Abstract ...…………………………………………………………………………………………3 Chapter I: Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….…4 Statement of Problems…………………………………………………………………….8 Research Questions…………………………………………………………………….…9 Definition of Terms ……………………………….…………………………………….10 Chapter II: Review of the Literature Nutrition and Cognition ………………………..……………………………………….11 Food Insufficiency …………………………..………………………………………….24 School Food Programs ……………………………...…………………………………..35 Chapter III: Results and Analysis …………………………..…………………………………..51 Chapter IV: Recommendations and Conclusion ……………………...………………………..54 References...………………………………………………………………………………..…...59 Nutrition and Academic Performance 3 Abstract The purpose of this paper was to review existing literature about past research that highlighted studies concerning nutrition and its relationship to brain function, cognition, learning, and social behaviors. There is evidence that school breakfast and lunch programs are not up to par with current United States Department of Agriculture standards and that USDA standards may not be utilizing the latest research...
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...Phoenix Nutritional Needs Nutrition is the major intrauterine environmental factor that alters expression of the fetal genome and may have lifelong consequences. This phenomenon, termed “fetal programming,” has led to the recent theory of “fetal origins of adult disease.” Namely, alterations in fetal nutrition and endocrine status may result in developmental adaptations that permanently change the structure, physiology, and metabolism of the offspring, thereby predisposing individuals to metabolic, endocrine, and cardiovascular diseases in adult life. Animal studies show that both maternal undernutrition and over nutrition reduce placental-fetal blood flows and stunt fetal growth. Impaired placental syntheses of nitric oxide (a major vasodilator and angiogenesis factor) and polyamines (key regulators of DNA and protein synthesis) may provide a unified explanation for intrauterine growth retardation in response to the 2 extremes of nutritional problems with the same pregnancy outcome. There is growing evidence that maternal nutritional status can alter the epigenetic state (stable alterations of gene expression through DNA methylation and histone modifications) of the fetal genome. This may provide a molecular mechanism for the impact of maternal nutrition on both fetal programming and genomic imprinting. Promoting optimal nutrition will not only ensure optimal fetal development, but will also reduce the risk of chronic diseases in adults. Maternal nutrition plays a critical role...
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...extremely important to pregnant women and their unborn child. There are specific nutritional needs required for embryos and fetus to obtain the essentials for healthy growth. Poor nutrition during the gestation period can cause health concerns and can lead to disease in some cases. The writings will examine positive and negative nutritional selections for mom and baby. Once a child is born, there has been concern around breast-feeding or formula feeding. An examination with pros and cons will be identified. In conclusion, examples for the readers on obtaining more information concerning nutrition will be provided. All examples will include major providers of nutritional information. Nutritional needs for development Nutritional needs for growing babies and fetuses are extremely important. Folic acid is on the top of the nutritional list, this nutrient prevents spina bifida complications during the beginning stages. The mother needs this during pregnancy to prevent anemia, which occurs often with mothers. There is an array of foods that provide folic acid; lentils, dried peas and nuts, greens and asparagus, and citrus fruit and juice. The American Pregnancy Association stated that folic acid makes the extra blood your body requires during pregnancy, (2016). Health concerns with poor nutrition during gestation period During the gestation period a women do not have to focus on a specific diet, but should maintain a healthy diet to gain the nutrients needed for the period...
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...Gregory Smith Professor Virginia Uhley FNS 370 14 April 2014 The Vegan Diet: A Healthy Risk Consuming foods rich in nutrients is more likely to reduce the risk of degenerative diseases than taking a broad array of supplements for many reasons. Research has shown that people who eat more vegetables and fruits have lower risks of several diseases including heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Supplements cannot provide all of the nutrients of food. Although many of the same vitamins are provided, it is not proven that vitamins are solely responsible for reducing disease. Whole foods also contain many other naturally occurring substances that help protect you from many diseases. For example, grains provide essential fiber that prevents diabetes and heart disease (Mayo Clinic, 2013). Supplements containing too many individual nutrients can actually cause health problems due to toxicity and vitamin interactions. Since there is no significant data to suggest that vitamin intake is the sole reason for reducing specific diseases, healthy food consumption is a better route to good health. * Some people believe that consuming food is not any more likely to prevent the risk of degenerative diseases than taking supplements. Many of the same vitamins in minerals found in whole foods are provided in supplements. Many Americans are struggling to meet daily recommendations in their diet. Poor food consumption is damaging health and a broad array of supplements can...
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...Toni Mia Duran Bio 314- Nutrition Professor Sillanpaa October 16, 2013 The Differences There is lipid and proteins in many things we eat. One healthy example of a lipid would be grilled chicken. Chicken is a good source of protein when it is not soaked in olive oil and the extra fattening products that can be added. Grilling the chicken cuts back the intake of lipids. An unhealthy lipid would be a hamburger. Either way you get the hamburger meat whether you get the patties ready or make them yourselves, they are filled with grease. Unlike chicken, the grease stays in the hamburger patty. There are also healthy and unhealthy amino acids and proteins. Fish would be a good example of healthy protein. It is considered on of the best intakes for protein. It is not only good for that, but helps the brain too. An example for an unhealthy amino acid and protein would be maltodextrin. This is used is in artificial dietary fiber. It is made from corn and is very hard to digest. One thing it does do is make a person feel full for the meantime. As bad as it is, I like some fatty foods such as hamburgers. I do not eat them every day, but they are fast and easy. Chicken is very good as well. It is so easy to eat junk food. It is so convenient and so fast to either grab or even make at home. One thing I do not like AT ALL is fish, any of it. Although it is very healthy and good for my body, fish is something I will avoid. Learning about the effects of lipids opens my eyes to see...
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...| Module One : Introduction to Nutrition Hot Sheet | | | | | | | | The following provides you with a "Hot Sheet" of helpful bullet points that you can refer to for information on this module, as well as suggestions for your journal entry for this module. Remember, working though these journal entries at the end of each module will help you create your Final learning statement at the end of the course. So take a moment to use your journal and write down your thoughts to the questions below. | | | | Journal Entry #1 : Preparation for Your Final Learning Statement | | | | So far in this module we have covered the definitions of nutrition and energy, label reading, the USDA Pyramid Food Guidance System, USDA Dietary Guidelines and the Exchange System for menu planning. In preparation for your final learning statement that is submitted at the end of the course. I would like you to:Log onto: www.mypyramid.gov and calculate your personal food intake needed to maintain your current weight, etc. Most of us learn by applying concepts, especially about nutrition and health to our own lives. There is a wealth of information and tracking sheets that the USDA has created that you may choose to use in your daily lives.Please write in your journal your thoughts on the concepts learned in this module. Review the sections if you need to. After looking at your MyPyramid Plan comment on your intake of adequate calories and whether or not you meet any of these guidelines...
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...NUTRITION PROJECT I think my diet is very interesting and shows both sides of how I can eat. As you can see, three of my entries show how much salt, fat and calories I can consume along with not drinking enough water. There is also an entry I added to show my current eating habit which is optimal. I just purchased an elliptical/treadmill and started working out for at least an hour a day with my heart rate up and sweating. When I start working out, I am conscious of what I eat. I drink more water, lay off processed and refined foods and honestly I feel better mentally and physically. I will begin with the first three entries logged on my fitness pal. My diet is defiantly high in sodium. I should know better because at the age of 25 (and in a high stress/competitive nursing school) I was hypertensive and taking 10 mg of lisinopril a day. I feel poor diet choices, lack of exercise and low water consumption may have added to this. Luckily now, at the age of 31, I am no longer taking any sort of medication for this. The average recommended dietary intake of sodium for adults is 1,500 mg. The human body actually only needs approximately 180-500 mg/day according to the Centers for Disease Control and prevention. Their website also gives information stating the tolerable level of sodium defined: which is "the highest daily level of sodium that poses no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals" is 2,300...
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...There were two assignments that I enjoyed doing during this class. These were the three day diet analysis and the three day activity analysis. In doing these I learned a lot about my eating habits and which changes I needed to make to receive the proper balance of nutrition for a healthy living. I thought I ate real well, but there were important nutrients that I was not getting enough of, such as calcium and Vitamin C. The three day activity analysis was fun to see how many calories I was burning. I enjoyed how it used even getting out of bed and brushing your teeth in this analysis. I am an extremely active person, and don’t sit down much, but I didn’t realize how many calories I was using in a day. The assignment that has affected my life and my eating habits the most is the three day diet analysis. Knowing that I wasn’t eating all of the necessary foods for a healthy diet made me want to change it. So, now I am more aware of which types of foods, especially fruits and vegetables that I need to intertwine in my diet. The easiest way for me to do this is to pick foods from each color of the color wheel, so that I know I am getting a variety. Over all I have enjoyed this class and learning not only about a healthy diet, but different diseases. There has been a vast amount of information that has been given in this class that can be carried all the way through...
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...Nutrition I have always had a strong desire to help others. Nutrition has always fascinated me. I constantly look for updated information on our health and nutrition, but I haven’t had the opportunity to consult with anyone in my field, until I met Renita Dastrup. The interview gave me a great outlook on nutrition. As a result of the interview I found out that I want to study the physiological approach to nutrition rather than the Chemistry aspect. After a few days of playing phone tag, I contacted Dastrup. She gladly accepted the opportunity to let me interview her. I was able to meet with her, it was late afternoon. A slight breeze blew and the heavy clouds moved slowly resulting in brief moments of piercing sunlight. We agreed to meet outside the clubhouse of my apartment building. She is a blonde-haired blue eyed lady, she has and athletic build. As she looked in my direction, her eyes lit up, and the corners of her mouth displayed her smile, it beamed like a perfect pearl necklace. The dimples in her cheeks appeared as her whole face showed amusement upon meeting me. Dastrup a mother of two, worked as a Real Estate and Mortgage Broker for over eighteen years. She enjoyed her job, but she wasn’t where she wanted to be. Her choice to go back to school at the age of thirty eight was very difficult. When she decided to go back to school, she quit her job so she could pursue her passion. She has always been interested in nutrition, but she never thought she would have...
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...Nutrition and Recovery Nutrition and Recovery Nutrition affects every part of our daily lives. We eat nutritional foods to stay healthy and live active lives. We also eat nutritiously to regain our lives after an accident or surgery. This paper highlights the importance of nutrition after surgery. Nutrition plays an important role in the reducing the risk of infection and wound healing after surgery. Understanding how nutrition can benefit as well as hurt recovery after surgery when caring for all patients. Malnutrition as a result of critical illness has been defined as ‘acute disease or injury-related malnutrition’, which is associated with severe, acute inflammation. During periods of critical illness, the inflammatory response elevates energy expenditure and nitrogen excretion that is only partially attenuated by the provision of nutritional support. Contributing to this weight loss is inadequate nutritional intake with ICU patients only receiving 60–80% of their prescribed energy and protein requirements.( JCN, 2014) These suboptimal intakes result from delays in initiating feeding and feed interruptions due to nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, large gastric aspirates, tube displacement, investigations and prolonged fasting for procedures. Oral diet following extubation from mechanical ventilation has also been shown to be inadequate. Peterson assessed the oral intake of 50 patients for the first...
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...Comparing Nutrition Labels Nutrition labels are intended to help people make healthier choices when it comes to the food they eat. Consumers recognize nutrition labels as tools to help improve their health and can find an abundance of valuable information pertaining to specific items. The presence of nutritional information may influence the consumer to switch from unhealthy food products towards healthy food products, but only if they understand how to read a nutrition label. Reading a food label at first can be confusing, however it will help the consumer to select foods that will provide the accurate amount of nutrients and energy that the body needs. There are specific things to look for on a food label that can differentiate an unhealthy food from a healthy food. When comparing an avocado to Ben and Jerry’s Chunky Monkey ice cream, we know that an avocado is the healthier choice, but it is important to understand why. When comparing nutrition labels, the first place you should start is the serving size and the number of servings in the package. Serving size is used to make it easier to compare similar foods. The serving size on a package affects the number of calories and all nutrient amounts within the product. For example, the serving size for an avocado is based on 1/5 of a medium avocado, or 1 oz. With such a small portion size, an avocado is packed with vitamins, minerals, and essential. Conversely, Ben and Jerry’s Chunky Monkey nutrition label offers a much larger...
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...DELIVERED BY : MR JAMES COURSE TITLE : FOOD AND BEVERAGE DIPLOMA CONTENTS * FOOD SAFETY * FOOD SAFETY CHECKLIST * WORK SAFETY * Biological hazards * Chemical hazards * WORK SAFETY CHECKLIST * NUTRITION AND DIETETICS * NUTRITION * Carbohydrate * Fats * Vitamins * Minerals * Water * NUTRITION DIETETIC FOOD SAYETY AND HYGIENE FOOD SAFETY Food safety is the condition which ensures that food will not cause harm to the consumer when prepared and/or eaten according to their intended use. Food safety is a scientific discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness Safety is one of four basic groups of features along with nutrition, the organoleptic, and commercial make up the food quality .Food safety is responsible those who handle and prepared food commercially delivery to consumers who prepare and eat food in their home. IMPORTANCE OF FOOD SAFETY As everyone must eat food to live, everyone is at risk of getting food poisoning. Businesses are required to make sure the food they handle, store, display and sell is safe and suitable for people to eat. Everyone should use the following standards...
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...PERSONALIZED NUTRITION AND EXERCISE PLAN 2 Personalized Nutrition and Exercise Plan Identify the health and nutrition problem that may be targeted. Discuss the disease/issue The current health problem I have is my family has a history of heart disease and Type II diabetes. I went to the doctor's office recently where she drew blood for a variety of tests. She was concerned about my blood sugar levels. Everything turned out fine but it made me realize that I could stand to lose some weight and start eating healthier. I do not want to face this problem again and do not want the family history to affect my future. Plus, if I am blessed with children, I want to be a healthy example for them. Discuss four nutritional and/or physical exercise goals My biggest goal is to lose a minimum of 50 pounds. In the past six months, I have gained about twenty pounds, especially in my middle. This is driving me nuts. So, on top of getting rid of the extra weight altogether, I want to erase my “muffin top”. Along with slimming my waist, I would like to tone my arms. One final goal, although I am not sure this one is attainable due to a bad knee, is to start jogging. When class started, I was more active than near the end of class. When I utilized the pyramid activity tracker in week 6, the results did not surprise me. I knew that I had fallen off the wagon so to speak. My average PA Score on www.mypyramidtracker.gov was 65.3 which was mostly due to an afternoon of...
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...The Impact of Media on Nutrition, Body Image, and Public Health Bio 111 Lonnie Burt, MS, RO, CD-N Shannon Oliver March 3, 2012 Draft for Research Paper When it comes to health the first person who is expected to guide nutritional diets should be a healthcare professional. However, over time in lieu of that healthcare professional the television box and magazines have been the guideline to a healthier lifestyle. Not only has these media outlets been a guideline, it has also been an illustration of how the ideal body shape should be. The media has also acted as the source of distraction, distress, and illusions, therefore being counterproductive to the same purpose which it served in the nutritional aspect. The distraction is shown in the obesity rates in children ages 12 and under who are unable to detach themselves from the TV screen, therefore refusing to be active. Distress is shown between the young adults between 12 and 20 battling with anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia. The illusions are counted by the number of diets being falsely advertised to manipulate people into thinking there is a way to lose 30 pounds in 3 weeks. The mass media has an overwhelming effect on our everyday lives because of the power and ubiquity that has been gained over time. The direct correlation between media and nutrition along with body image are shown to effect people through eating disorders, poor nutritional health, and obesity. The Impact of Media on Nutrition, Body Image, and Public...
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...I think the assignment that I enjoyed the most was the Lifespan Nutrition needs Presentation. I found that before this assignment I did learn a lot; basically what are healthy food to eat and what unhealthy foods can do to your body. To me everyone knows that they should eat healthy and such but at least for me I found it more interesting to find out what I am supposed to eat as I grow up; and to also divide it between man and woman made it interesting to see any differences as well. I also though found the Multivitamin Review to be very informative. I printed everything out actually because I think it will be extremely helpful to know what vitamins and minerals that each food has. To know how much sodium is in either chicken or beef. I find it very helpful in making grocery list and just using to help change my eating habits in my life. I think the Multivitamin Review has definitely affected my life in terms of everyday health and nutrition habits. This whole class had helped me drastically concerning my family and I eating habits. Before this class my family and I didn’t really care about what we ate. If we were hungry, we ate. I did a little bit, trying not to eat fast food or going out all the time, but it was hard when my husband has such a high metabolism that he could eat fast food and junk food all day and not gain a pound. However, after this course, and all the information and tips that I know now; my family will be eating healthier, smarter, and much...
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