...Problem formulation In this assignment we want to answer some questions regarding the product development of B&O automotive. − What process was used to develop the first automotive sound system? − What process is used in order to create new product development after they’ve become established in the market? − How does the commercialization process chosen by B&O automotive fit the novelty picture given by figure 9.5 − How has B&O automotive used strategy optimize adoption of their technology to the market? − Is it possible, with the theory in chapter 9, to analyze the services that they provide to their customers? B&O automotive Analysis In section 9.1 of the chapter, Tidd and Bessant explain about the processes that need to be followed to develop a new product. They show different models of processes such as the stage-gate process and the development funnel method - However they warn the reader about how this models attempt to explain the whole process of development of a new product in a simple and linear way. They state: “However, in practice the development of new products and services is inherently a complex and iterative process, and this makes it difficult to model for practical purposes.” This does not mean that we should not consider any of these models; however, we should be careful not to force the process to fit exactly with the model. In response to this, Tidd and Bessant propose a simplified model with only four stages: concept generation, project assessment...
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...LANGUAGE S U M M A R Y ( C HA P TE R S F O R I S L 1 ) CHAPTER 1 – THE ORIGINS OF LANGUAGE The divine source: Bible: Adam gave names to the things Hindu: wife of the creator of the universe created the language Several experiments to find the “original” language: Psammetichus: two babies grew up only for the company of goats children have uttered “bekos” – (Phrygian word for “bread”) could be the sound of the goats “be” (Greek suffix “-kos”) King James the Fourth: Children should have started speaking Hebrew Other experiments: children whit no access to human language grow up with no language at all The natural sound source: Language as a result of onomatopoeia and/or natural cries of emotion (e.g. splash, bang, boom, ouch, ooh, wow,…) What about soundless and abstract things? The social interaction source: Language as a result of communication between earliest groups of humans, who used hums, grunts and groans -> language as a progress of this Apes and other primates also have grunts and groans for communication, but no language The physical adaption source: Evolution factors which have made humans able to develop language: o Teeth are upright and even in height o Lips have more intricate muscle interlacing than other primates o Mouth is smaller an can be opened and closed rapidly o Tongue is smaller, thicker and more muscular o Larynx (containing the vocal cords) is much lower than the position of other primates o Pharynx (above vocal cords) acts as...
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...Lecture 1 July 4, 2012 • Popular Music in the United States: o Lies in the African-American Population o West African music was brought into America and was thrown into a mixing pot that the slave population count themselves as Americans. o Blues is the beginning of Jazz, Rock and R&B • Congo Square –Passage from book: History of Jazz o An eligible black man sits with a large cylinder drum using his fingers and edge of his hand he jams repeatedly on the drum head which is around 14 diameters and probably made from animal skin. ____________________ with rapid sharp strokes. A second drummer holding his instrument between his knees joins in, playing with the same ______ attack. A third black man seated on the ground _________ instrument the body of which is rashly fashioned from the calabash. Another calabash which has been made into a drum and a woman beats at it with two short sticks. One voice then another voice, then other voices join in a dance of scene contradictions __________ give and take ___________ one handed performance spontaneous yet on closer inspection ritualize and precise is a dance of massive proportions, a dense crowded _________ performed in circular groups perhaps five or six hundred individuals moving in time to the pulsations of the music some swaying gently and others aggressively stumping their feet. A number of women in the group begin chanting. This scene could be Africa, in fact it is 19th century in New Orleans scattered first handed...
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...They include the following: • Stage 1: Clarifying the Research Question • Stage 2: Proposing the Research • Stage 3: Designing the Research Project • Stage 4: Data Collection and Interpretation • Stage 6: Reporting the Results Chapter 1 of Business Research Methods explains why people study business research and the importance of sound decision making. The goal is to enhance your understanding of the ethical dilemmas faced by managers and the roles and responsibilities of the researcher, sponsor, and participant as detailed in Chapter 2 of the text. The goal of ethics in research is to ensure that no one is harmed or suffers any adverse conditions posed by research activities. Important concepts include the right to privacy and quality and safety of participants. Many corporations, local and state governments, and the federal government have adopted a code of ethics with laws, policies, and procedures to regulate research on human beings. In Chapter 3, we find researchers have their own vocabulary and so we begin to learn important terminology needed to formulate sound research such as the difference between a construct, proposition and hypothesis followed by knowledge of various types of variables. In practice, variables represent an event, characteristic, trait or attribute we would like to measure and to which we assign values. The researcher and the manager work in tandem to develop the research question. A set of testable hypothesis...
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...occurs to Vietnamese learners of English. Many learners have difficulty pronouncing English sounds, therefore; they have difficulty in listening and speaking English. While these two skills are very important for students when they begin to work in an environment using English, students need to be aware of the errors in their pronunciation. This paper aims to contrast vowels in Vietnamese and in English. From this analysis, some similarities and differences can be drawn between the two languages. Then some teaching implications will be presented. The teaching implications will help learners to correct their pronunciation and also help them improve other skills. I will divide my paper into three parts. Firstly, I will describe vowels in Vietnamese and then in English. Secondly, I will contrast these two systems through two aspects: positions and manners of articulation of vowels to find out similarities and differences between them. And lastly, I will discuss some implications for teaching language. English and Vietnamese Vowels 2 Vowels in English and Vietnamese What is a vowel? We will find that it is not easy to define exactly what it means. According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s dictionary, a vowel is a speech sound in which the mouth is open and the tongue is not touching the top of the mouth, the teeth, etc., (Hornby, 2005, p.1648). The most common view is that “vowels are sounds in which there is no obstruction to the flow of air as it passes from the larynx to the lips”...
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...First, a few basics on Hangul (Don't worry! You will be reading in Hangul perfectly extremely soon!). Hangul is an alphabet, just like the Roman alphabet English speakers use. The only two differences are Hangul blocks syllables, and there are no lowercase or capitalize letters in Hangul. The letter is always written the same, no matter when it is used. Characters will be stacked into squares to form each syllable. For example ㅎ, ㅏ, and ㄴ are three separate characters. But, as they would form one syllable, they would be written 한 instead of ㅎ ㅏ ㄴ. ㅎ + ㅏ + ㄴ= 한 want another example? ㄱ + ㅡ + ㄹ = 글 We then combine syllables to form words, just as we do in English. 한 + 글 = 한글 Recognize that word? That's right! It's Hangul . It consists of han (한) and gul (글). Two syllables. Six characters. As you begin to learn all the different characters, you will see how to construct the syllables properly depending on which character you are using. Just keep this one thing in mind. Every Korean word, syllable, anything...begins with a consonant. A vowel will always follow it, either positioned to the right of it, or below it. With each vowel, I will tell you where it should be positioned. Also, there will be 2,3, or rarely 4 characters in a syllable. 한 is one way of stacking, having the vowel to the right of the first consonant, with the third character under those two. 글 is the other main way of stacking, where the vowel falls below the first consonant, with the third character below...
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...on phonological awareness skills, decoding, and vocabulary. Think through and describe how phonological speech sound errors would/could affect each of these three areas. (You might need to look up the definitions of “phonological awareness” and “decoding.”) • Phonological awareness: This aspect of literacy requires the understanding and knowledge of the relationship between graphemes and phonemes. If a child has a phonological impairment, they are not likely to be able to identify and manipulate the sounds through tasks such as rhyming or syllable/sound segmentation. • Decoding: This...
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...Veronica Douglas for her support. I am enormously grateful to Lou Savage, “The Voice.” His is the beautiful male voice on the recordings. He was also responsible for all of the expert audio engineering and audio editing. Thank you, Lou, for being such a perfectionist with the sound and insisting on fixing the audio “mistakes” I couldn’t hear anyway. I am also grateful for the contributions of Maryam Meghan, Jack Cumming, Katarina Matolek, Mauricio Sanchez, Sabrina Stoll, Sonya Kahn, Jennie Lo, Yvette Basica, Marc Basica, and Laura Tien. © Copyright 2009 by Barron’s Educational Series, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without the written permission of the copyright owner. Address all inquiries to: Barron’s Educational Series, Inc. 250 Wireless Boulevard Hauppauge, NY 11788 www.barronseduc.com ISBN-13: 978-0-7641-4185-0 (book only) ISBN-10: 0-7641-4185-6 (book only) ISBN-13: 978-0-7641-9582-2 (book & CD package) ISBN-10: 0-7641-9582-4 (book & CD package) Library of Congress Control Number 2008938576 Printed in the United States of America 987654321 Contents Introduction vi Chapter 1: The Vowel Sounds 1 Main Vowel Sounds of American English 1 Production of Vowels 2 /i/ as in...
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...British and American English Pronunciation Differences Paco G´omez Contents 1 Pronunciation Differences between British English and American English 2 2 Rhotic Accent 3 3 Differences in Vowel Pronunciation 5 3.1 Change of Diphthong [@U] to [oU] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2 Change of Vowel [6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2.1 The Main Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2.2 Changes to [oU] and [2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.3 Change of [æ] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.4 Change from [ju:] to [u:] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.5 Minor Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.5.1 Change of [I] and [aI] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.5.2 Changes of [i:] and [e] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4 Differences in Consonant Pronunciation 9 4.1 Pronunciation of Letter t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5 Change of Stress 10 5.1 French Loanwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5.2 Ending -ate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.3 Suffixes -ary, -ory, -berry, and -mony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6 Changes in Articulation 12 7 Notes 13 1 1 Pronunciation Differences...
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...The aim of the organisation was to devise a system for transcribing the sounds of speech which was independent of any particular language and applicable to all languages. A phonetic script for English created in 1847 by Isaac Pitman and Henry Ellis was used as a model for the IPA. Uses * The IPA is used in dictionaries to indicate the pronunciation of words. * The IPA has often been used as a basis for creating new writing systems for previously unwritten languages. * The IPA is used in some foreign language text books and phrase books to transcribe the sounds of languages which are written with non-latin alphabets. It is also used by non-native speakers of English when learning to speak English. Where symbols appear in pairs, the one on the right represents a voiced consonant, while the one on the left is unvoiced. Shaded areas denote articulations judged to be impossible. http://www.omniglot.com/writing/ipa.htm Contents page Contents page for Vowels and Consonants Chapter 1 Chapter 1 book links Clicking on a symbol will take you to a part of the chart where you can hear the corresponding sound. To hear the sounds in a row or column and get short definitions of the terms click here. The sounds of English and the International Phonetic Alphabet © Tomasz P. Szynalski, Antimoon.com This chart contains all the sounds (phonemes) used in the English language. For each sound, it gives: * The symbol from the International Phonetic Alphabet...
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...Angelenos have a good reason to walk along Grand Avenue—to hang out at Disney Hall’s new sidewalk café or merely to gawk at the hall’s sinuous, stainless-steel wrapper. At the corner of Grand and First, the enclosing forms curve open to the main entrance, across from the Philharmonic’s old home at the Music Center. PROJECT DIARY The story of how Frank Gehry’s design and Lillian Disney’s dream were ultimately rescued to create the masterful WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL By James S. Russell, AIA P H OTO G R A P H Y : © L A R A S W I M M E R / E S TO Fleischmann and a committee assembled to manage the construction visited many of the world’s great halls. Two that particularly impressed the group were not on the usual greatest-hits lists. One was the Berlin Philharmonie, a dramatically expressionistic composition of terraced and overlapping tiers completed in 1963 to a design by Hans Scharoun with acoustician Lothar Cremer. The other acoustical standout was Suntory Hall, 1986, in Tokyo (Yasui Architects), where the acoustical consultant had been Nagata Acoustics, a firm well known only in Japan. In the meantime, an architectural subcommittee winnowed a list of 80 architects down to four who would compete for the commission: Gottfried Böhm, of Cologne, Germany; Hans Hollein, Vienna; Project: Walt Disney Concert Hall, Los Angeles Client: Los Angeles Philharmonic Association, the Music Center of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Architect: Gehry Partners—Frank Gehry, FAIA,...
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...Health Assessment Physical Assessment Documentation Form Date: __3/3/16 Patient Information Patient Initials | LD | Age | 30 | Sex | Female | General Survey Does patient appear to be their stated age? | Yes | Level of consciousness | Alert and Oriented x3 | Skin color | Caucasain | Nutritional status | No malnurishment noted, pt she eats three meals a day | Posture and position | Patient maintains good posture and position | Obvious physical deformities | No physical deformities noted | Mobility: gait, use of assistive devices, ROM of joints, no involuntary movement | no problems with mobility noted, patient ambulates w/o assistance, ROM of joints intact, patient pt able to rotate feet, ankles, and arms, no Involuntary twitches or movements noted | Facial expression | No abnormal facial expressions noted, pt has nice smile | Mood and affect | patient appears to be in good spirits, patient has smile on face, pt cooperative and answers questions when prompted | Speech: articulation, pattern, content and appropriate, native language | patient speaks English appropriately, patient articulates and enunciates well, all content related to pt’s health | Hearing | patient denies hearing problems, patient able to hear and follow commands when directed | Personal hygiene | patient appears clean, no dirty skin visible, no foul smells noted | | | | | Measurements and Vital Signs Height | 5 foot...
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...In the first 15 pages, identify one thing that surprises you. Why? o The email that Ben and Marc send to each other is really surprised me. o In our culture, when the things don’t work out between each other. We are not going intense against each other. We tend to walk away and let the problem disappear by itself. This is really harsh. • What do you think of when you hear the term 'Information Superhighway? o I thought it should be something that we could get information fast. o When I checked this term on Google, the definition of this term is: An extensive electronic network such as the internet, used for the rapid transfer of information such as sound, video, and graphics. • What do you think of the 'Ovitz strategy' employed to sell LoudCloud to either IBM or EDS? o Artificial deadlines o Know the strategy of how turn the two buyers playing one against each other o Doing everything and anything no matter those are illegal or immoral to get the damned deal done. o By using all of the above, it helped them made the deal, so I am thinking no matter how bad/unethical the strategy sound, this is the business world, their goal is successful close the deal. • How would you have initially reacted to 'Frank' at EDS? o By reading about the part that, Frank pushed back his chair, stood up, and shouted. I thought he is a difficult guy. o However, after reading through the book, it turned out he is not that difficult. Frank just hate the company and family because...
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...Pronunciation Schwa Schwa is the most common sound in the English language. It occurs only in unstressed syllables and getting it correct helps spoken English to sound more natural and fluent. Any vowel letter can be pronounced as schwa and the pronunciation of a vowel letter can change depending on whether the syllable in which it occurs is stressed or not. The phonemic symbol for schwa is: /e/ Following are two exercises to help students develop their awareness of schwa. The audio examples from the exercises can be downloaded from www.bbclearninglish.com Pronunciation Schwa Exercise 1 Look at the words below and decide where in the word the schwa sound occurs. Underline and/or write the schwa symbol over the correct part of the word. The first one has been done for you. Hint: One word has two examples of schwa. All the others have only one. docto r banana difficult to mo rro w s u mme r le ve l prote ct survive pupil the atre me a s u re w izard Pronunciation Schwa © BBC Learning English bbclearningenglish.com Pronunciation Schwa Exercise 2 In this exercise, look at these sentences and decide where the schwa sound occurs. It may occur more than once in each sentence. The minimum number of schwas in a sentence is 1, the maximum 7. 1. It’s for y ou /e/ 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. It tak es a lot of time How about a cup of tea? What are y ou doing tonight? What time will y ou arriv e at V ictoria? I was going...
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...How is the story told in Auden's "O What Is That Sound"? The story of ‘O What Is That Sound’ by W H Auden is the story of two people (presumably husband and wife) who watch soldiers progressively marching increasingly close to their house. Towards the end of the poem the supposed husband betrays his fearful wife and leaves her to deal with the abnormal forces. The constant rhythm and steady pace of the poem conveys the sense of a story with continuous action and the ABAB rhyming scheme emphasises the sound of the soldiers that are marching and “drumming” towards them, which brings the reader to feel more fear for the couple’s safety and what is going to happen to them. This poem is told with a sense of time and place confusion by Auden, and it could be argued this was done by Auden to make the reader feel as though they can relate the poem to real life experiences that they have been through. The story is also told with a the repeated phrase on line two which provides anticipation for the army and what is going to happen next. This story is told in the form of a ballad and is communicated through Auden's use of question and response, with two narrators. This gives the reader an understanding that one of the characters is in more control and knows what is happening and the other character more anxious and desperate for answers and expresses this with a sense of urgency. In this case the husband/male is the one who is in control and the wife/female is the one needing constant answers...
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