...Unit 21: Nutrition for Health and Social Care Unit code: L/601/2407 QCF Level 3: BTEC Nationals Credit value: 10 Guided learning hours: 60 Aim and purpose This unit aims to give learners an understanding of current thinking on nutritional health particularly relating to users of health and social care services. Learners will then be able to apply this understanding and make recommendations to improve the nutritional health of an individual. Unit introduction This unit builds on learner understanding of the principles introduced in Unit 5: Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care. Improvements in the diet of individuals are increasingly being recognised as a significant factor in maintaining, or effecting improvements, in overall health. It is therefore important that people working in the health and social care sectors, or those who are responsible for the wellbeing of others, have a good understanding of nutrition and diet. This unit gives learners an understanding of nutrition from a science-based perspective and of the role that food plays in social contexts. The unit may also provide useful underpinning knowledge for the study of food hygiene and practical culinary skills. Learners will explore concepts of nutrition using the language of nutritional science. Different aspects of nutritional health will be defined and routine ways of measuring this explored. Other aspects of nutritional data will involve describing...
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...Impact of Poor Nutrition on the Academic Performance of Grade Seven learners: A Case of Zimbabwe Kudzai Chinyoka Great Zimbabwe University Department of Educational Foundations Email: chinyokak@gmail.com Doi:10.5296/ijld.v4i3.6169 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v4i3.6169 Abstract This paper examined the impact of poor nutrition on the academic performance of grade seven learners at two primary schools in Chivi, Zimbabwe. Its main objective is to identify mitigation policies and measures designed to reduce negative effects of poor nutrition on children’s academic performance. Malnutrition remains one of the major obstacles to human well-being affecting all areas of a child's growth and development, including performance in the classroom. The study is grounded in Maslow’s motivational and needs theory. In this study, a qualitative phenomenological case study design was used with focus group discussions, interviews and observations as data collection instruments to twelve (12) grade seven learners, three (3) headmasters and four (4) teachers, purposively sampled in Masvingo province. Findings revealed that malnutrition affected physical growth, cognitive development and it consequently impacts on academic performance, health and survival of learners. Malnutrition also deepens poverty due to increased health care costs. The study also established that hungry and undernourished grade seven learners were not able to take on physical work and sporting activities...
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..._____________________________________________________________________ CREDIT Research Paper No. 01/05 _____________________________________________________________________ Reducing Child Malnutrition: How Far Does Income Growth Take Us? by Harold Alderman, Simon Appleton, Lawrence Haddad, Lina Song and Yisehac Yohannes _____________________________________________________________________ Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade, University of Nottingham 2 The Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade is based in the School of Economics at the University of Nottingham. It aims to promote research in all aspects of economic development and international trade on both a long term and a short term basis. To this end, CREDIT organises seminar series on Development Economics, acts as a point for collaborative research with other UK and overseas institutions and publishes research papers on topics central to its interests. A list of CREDIT Research Papers is given on the final page of this publication. Authors who wish to submit a paper for publication should send their manuscript to the Editor of the CREDIT Research Papers, Professor M F Bleaney, at: Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade, School of Economics, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UNITED KINGDOM Telephone (0115) 951 5620 Fax: (0115) 951 4159 CREDIT Research Papers are distributed free...
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...Chapter 1: The Science of Child Development * John Locke (1632-1704) British philosopher Tabula rasa “blank slate”- Learning through: instruct, reward, discipline * Jean J. Rousseau (1712-1778) French Philosopher Noble savage- Endowed with an innate sense of justice and morality that unfolds naturally as children grow * Charles Darwin British Naturalist 1809 -1882 Conceptual Contribution: evolutionary theory; survival of the fittest * Stanley Hall (1844-1924) norming studies: founded child-study institute at Clark University. First president of American Psychological Association. * Alfred Binet (1857-1911) French psychologist- intelligence test - Binet-Simon Test Stanford-Binet Test The Biological Perspective: Definition: Development is determined primarily by biological forces * In ethological theory, many behaviors are viewed as adaptive because they have survival value (examples: Reflexes, crying, social interactions (attention-seeking); self-control/independence; * In maturational theory, development reflects the natural unfolding of a pre-arranged biological plan; Arnold Gesell (1880-1961)Critical Period – imprinting (Konrad Lorez 1903-1989), language) The Learning Perspective * Classical Conditioning – Watson’s little Albert Experiment * Operant Conditioning – B. F. Skinner (reinforcement and punishment) * Bandura’s social cognitive theory: children are actively trying to understand what is going on in their world; what is reinforced...
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...dated between 2003 and 2013. The areas of dietetics include: . education: nutrition education/community nutrition . food production . management: foodservice/nutrition . research: foodservice/nutrition. . medical nutrition therapy (MNT) For each area of dietetics, locate two trends and one challenge. One resource could be used to address several areas of dietetics. A minimum of five referred resources must be used. You can use referred journal articles from the internet as long as they contain the entire journal reference and not just the URL. Using the table below, list two trends and one challenge for each area of dietetics. Each trend and challenge must be listed as a complete thought. Write using complete sentences. Document references used. You can use an APA or AMA reference style. Keep the format of your references consistent. Print or photocopy the title page or key information as evidence to support the trend or challenge. Type or word-process the assignment. Staple printed/photocopied information to your typed/word-processed materials and submit for course points. Use the following template: Dietetics Trends and Challenges |Area of Dietetics |Trend or Challenge (list) |Reference (Document; minimum of 5 referred resources) | |Community Nutrition & Nutrition | |...
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...so that they can make an informed decision. -scientific method used to collect unbiased data – know the steps – -observations -further observation -hypothesis -experiment if experiment agrees with hypotheseis it becomes a theory, if not it goes back to observation step Environmental movement -Impact of Silent Spring on the environmental movement Silent Spring, written by Rachel carson, a marine biologists, brought about the idea of harmfull pesticided to the public. She initiated environmental awareness which started the modern environmental movment. DDT was banned also. -know what the Environmentalist's Paradox is Over the past 40 years, human well-being has improved, BUT, Natural Ecosystems that provide us with goods and services have declined. -what types of environmental degradation were citizen becoming aware of in the 1950s Citizens were becoming aware of air and water pollution in the 50’s. Also the loss of soil was a concern in the 50’s. -what impact did the Great Depression have on conservation Durring the great depression, conservation provided environmental protection jobs. The CCC was created. Surring the great depression, factories were created creating pollutiin. -what are some improvements to human well being Increased life expectancy and better health. The production of crops has improved and improves nutrition for many people. -what environmental improvements have occurred -purpose and importance of EPA The EPA passed...
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...NUTR 1020 Lecture: 2 Designing a Healthy Diet & Dietary Recommendations How do we know what we know about Nutrition? Research! Scientific method Observation New hypothesis Hypothesis Research Experiments Results reported in publication Follow-up experiments Hypothesis accepted/rejected Diabetes - common in obese population Obesity leads to type 2 diabetes Types of Experiments Research Question: Obesity leads to the development of type 2 diabetes? Observation by physicians Diabetes more common in obese patients Laboratory animals Diabetes Obese patients have more likely to have diabetes than leaner comparison group that is matched for other characteristics Obese mice Case control studies Epidemiological studies Diabetes more common in obese population Human studies Growing confidence in the research hypothesis Obesity leads to the development of type 2 diabetes Enlarged fat cells in obesity are less sensitive to glucose metabolism Healthy diet –Why is it important? 69% Leading causes of death related to nutrition! Healthy diet – Why is it important? US: 310,000 to 580,000 deaths every year ~1000 deaths/day (nutrition related) Excess intake of o Calories o Saturated fat o Cholesterol o Trans fat o Salt o Alcohol o Sugar + Physical inactivity Medical expenses: $71 Billion United States 68% adults (2/3rd ) – overweight/ obese 32% children (1/3rd ) – overweight/...
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...of infant cubs exceed from 70 %. Hence, there are less chances that the individuals of the Polar bears can be replaced by new generations. Furthermore, the other factors of climate change and global warming have intensified the threat to the species conservation due to climate changes in Arctic Wildlife. The projected claim can be justified with supporting observations presented below for reference. * Comprised survival rates of sub adult due to poor nutritions resulted from the sea ice breakup. * Inefficient reproduction cycle due to early spring ice breakup. * Deprived access to prey for sufficient...
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...Diane Jaynes Why Proper Nutrition? Liberty University Thesis Statement Identifying and treating infants with Non-Organic Failure to Thrive that was brought on by poor adaptation and influencing parent behaviors, results in a more successful remedy with greatly improved outcomes for the child and family. Proper nutrition is essential for appropriate growing and development for infants and will have a substantial influence on the child’s health present and future. Abstract: Proper nutrition early in infancy is very important for the physical and emotional development of a child and issues can follow the individual into their adulthood. Physicians have put into place assessments that can be done on infants around 6-8 weeks and again around 8-9 months that can detect early problems such as failure to thrive. Small kids that have been diagnosed with Autism tend to have issues with proper nutrition because of the sensitivity of foods and end up with a diagnosis of failure to thrive also. A feeding checklist for non-organic failure to thrive patients, is a great tool for helping medical personal observe feeding interactions with the infants and their parents that helps with recognizing feeding issues with the parents or caregivers. Medical professionals have advised that extensive time prior the initial conception, the nutrition of the parents has an impact on the infant’s growth all the way into adulthood and beyond (Shepard, 2009). All females that are at...
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...PAEDIATRICS - NUTRITION NUTRITIONAL VULNERABILITY OF INFANTS Reasons for Vulnerability * Low Nutritional Stores: * Newborn infants (particularly preterm) have poor stores of fat and protein * The smaller the child, the less the calories reserve and shorter period of withstanding starvation * High Nutritional Demands for Growth: * Nourishment required is greatest in infancy due to rapid growth * At 4 months, 30% of infant’s energy intake used for growth * By 1 year, this falls to 5% and then by 3 years 2% * Risk of growth failure from restricted energy intake greater in first 6 months of life * Rapid Neuronal Development: * Brain grows rapidly during last trimester of pregnancy and first 2 years of life * At birth, brain accounts for 2/3 of basal metabolic rate * Process appears sensitive to undernutrition * Even modest energy deprivation increases risk of poor neurodevelopment outcome * Acute Illness or Surgery: * Catecholamine secretion increases after brief anabolic phase causing increased requirements due to increased metabolic rate * Nitrogen losses from urine / burns / severe sepsis * Only be corrected after several weeks due to replacement of previously lost tissue * Catch-up growth only if energy intake is as high as 150-200 kcal/kg/ day Long-term Outcome of Early Nutritional Deficiency * Linear Growth of Populations: ...
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...tasks of the preschool child include preparation to enter school, the development of a cooperative-type play, control of body functions, acceptance of separation, and increase in communication skills, memory, and attention span (Leifer, 2003, p. 422). Erikson’s preschool stage involves the development of initiative (Leifer, 2003, p. 436). He believed that a preschool child learns assertiveness and can manipulate the environment. Kohlberg’s theory concerning preschoolers refers to the moral development and the beginning awareness of needs of others (Leifer, 2003, p. 436). He stated that a preschool child believes that rules are absolute, and breaking rules result in punishment. The Five-Year-Old: Nutrition and Piaget’s theory in relation to nutrition • Picky eater; likes finger foods • Food is described by color, shape, and quantity. • Foods tend to be classed as “like” and “don’t like.” • Eating becomes less the center of attention. Physical Development • Height may increase by 2 to 3 inches; slender appearance • They may gain 3 to 6 pounds • Deciduous teeth erupt, and baby teeth start to fall out Language and Thinking...
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...Running head: VILLIAGE MEADOWS COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT Community Assessment of Village Meadows Elementary School Grand Canyon University Community Health October 18, 2010 Community Boundaries This community is comprised of school-aged children ranging from kindergarten and lasting up until sixth grade. The phenomological community is represented in the fact that the community members are all considered to be in elementary school. The community is made up of children with and without special needs and learning disabilities. These children live in the geopolitical area of Bell Road to the 101 Freeway, and between 19th Avenue and 25th Avenue. This area is the pre-determined area set forth by the county to represent the appropriate amount of households for the school size. The community expands and shrinks as students move into or out of this plotted area. They represent people who are mostly Caucasian and Hispanic, but there is a blend of Slavic and Middle Eastern community members. Many of the community members live in apartments or other grouped housing, and has the ability to interact outside of school as well. Assumptions The main assumptions of the community include that some of the children will be poorly educated because of the community in which it resides. It is also assumed that these children are not going to be eager about school, particularly high school and college because the percent of bachelor level families is...
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...them the love and support that they deserve. The Elder Assessment Instrument provides a concrete way for medical personnel to look for any signs of abuse or mistreatment. Many forms of abuse including abuse, neglect, financial exploitation, and abandonment will be observed in this assessment. The assessment is being performed on my grandfather Richard Hartmann to see if he shows any signs of abuse. He was first asked questions in a general assessment pertaining to clothing, hygiene, nutrition, and skin integrity. Richards clothing shows no signs of rips or tears. His hygiene and nutrition appear to be very well mediated and taken care of as well. Upon observation of his skin integrity everything looks just fine. There are no signs of mistreatment in the general assessment. The next thing that was screened was general abuse indications, which include bruising, lacerations, fractures, and evidence of sexual abuse. Richard showed no sign of bruising or lacerations upon thorough observation of his skin. Richard reported never having been sexually abused in his life. No further comments or concerns were necessary at this point. The next part of the assessment was possible neglect indicators. Some neglect indications that need to be checked are contractures, decubiti, dehydration, diarrhea, depression, impaction, malnutrition, urine burns, failure to respond to warning of obvious disease, inappropriate medications, and repetitive hospital admissions due to probable care of...
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...Curriculum Planning This paper will explore the effects on a child’s growth and development. What factors, such as, poverty and abuse can have on the development of a child. What educators can do to help identify delays and develop appropriate behavior in children. Also, this paper will explore what children are learning in preschool and programs that can be useful in the growth and development of children. There are differences in the growth and development of every child. Growth refers to specific changes and increases in the child’s actual size (Allen, K. & Marotz, L. 2010, p 24). Development refers to any increase in complexity, from simple to more complicated, and detailed (Allen, K. & Marotz, L. 2010, p 25). Teachers and caregivers often get these confused. Growth defined as an increase in size, whereas development defined by the improvement and acquisition of skills. Growth often limited by the lack of resources and development, will still take place by using the resources a child possesses. Our textbook, states “growth and development are influenced by a child’s unique genetic makeup and the quality of the everyday environment, which includes nurturing, health care, and opportunities to learn the full range of skills that are evidence of developmental progress” (Allen, K. & Marotz, L. 2010, p 25). Every child grows and develops differently according to how the child acquires the necessary skills in six key developmental areas (Allen, K. & Marotz...
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...protein folding. The structure is held together by hydrogen bonds. The secondary structure is divided into alpha (α) and beta (β) protein. The tertiary structure of proteins is a three-dimensional structure formed by the folding up of a whole polypeptide chain. Every protein has unique tertiary structure, which is responsible for its properties and function. For example, the shape of the active site in an enzyme is due to its treaty structure. Quaternary structure of proteins found only in proteins containing more than one polypeptide chain. The amino acids in human bodies are made it two different ways: either from scratch or by modifying others. A few amino acids also known as the essential amino acids must come from food [Proteins the nutrition source]. There are two main types of fats, saturated and unsaturated. Unsaturated fat are liquids at room temperature and are considered beneficial for improving blood cholesterol levels, ease...
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