...presentation highlights the theoretical aspects of research methods, as well as opportunities and challenges associated with the use of research method. Importance of research methods Research methods are foundational constructs that frame the way relevant information is obtained for the benefit of the organization. They help the top management to get effective data that is beneficial when making informed decisions. Researchers are supposed to explore various audiences in order to come up with different results that are helpful in making decisions, appropriately. The use of research methods is important to organizations as it helps to uncover or discover unrecognized principles that are favorable its market environment. Analysis of research study process The research study is conducted to discover new solutions or improve the existing ones as a way of solving organizational or individual problems. The first step when conducting the research study is identifying the research problem that should be explored by the entire study. The next step is literature review where the examiner explores...
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...presentation highlights the theoretical aspects of research methods, as well as opportunities and challenges associated with the use of research method. Importance of research methods Research methods are foundational constructs that frame the way relevant information is obtained for the benefit of the organization. They help the top management to get effective data that is beneficial when making informed decisions. Researchers are supposed to explore various audiences in order to come up with different results that are helpful in making decisions, appropriately. The use of research methods is important to organizations as it helps to uncover or discover unrecognized principles that are favorable its market environment. Analysis of research study process The research study is conducted to discover new solutions or improve the existing ones as a way of solving organizational or individual problems. The first step when conducting the research study is identifying the research problem that should be explored by the entire study. The next step is literature review where the examiner...
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...1. What is business research? Why should there be any question about the definition of research? Business research is described as a planned out inquiry that give results that guides managers in making decisions. In other words, “it is a process of planning, acquiring, analyzing and disseminating relevant data, information and insights to decision makers in ways that mobilize the organization to take appropriate actions that, in turn, maximize performance”. Basically, it is the process of finding information, analyzing it and finding a possible solution that can make things better. It is the process that business managers use to solve issues that may occur in day to day business procedures. There should be questions on the definition of research because research is not a standard that is done the same for everyone. It all depends on the person that is doing the research. Some people like to take specific steps and planning to ensure they are getting all the information before they make a decision. Others like to go straight to where they know they can get some information and make a decision on what they find. Research has to be defined so that everyone working on the same research understands what is being referred to when the word research is being used. (Cited: Cooper & Schindler, 2011) 2. Distinguish between an explanatory and predictive research study. Explanatory research study is research conducted for a problem that has not been clearly defined. It...
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...Methodological Issues in Management Research Lee Sechrest, PhD Professor Department of Psychology University of Arizona Room 312 Tuscon, AZ 85721 White paper prepared for the Department of Veterans Affairs Management Research in VA Workshop, sponsored by the HSR&D Management Decision and Research Center November 19-20, 2001 Methodological Issues in Management Research Managers want to make good decisions. Any decisions will, by definition, be made on the basis of some presumed information. Even if a decision were to be made by throwing dice, that process would almost certain stem from “information” indicating that no better basis for the decision could be discerned, e.g., that a randomly determined choice would be likely to be better than a decision open to bias. At least to some extent, it is axiomatic that the better the information, the better the decisions. It is useful to distinguish between data, facts, and information. Data are simply observations, usually in the form of numbers thought to represent some systematic process underlying them, i.e., a process generating the numbers. Data do not mean anything or tell us anything until they are interpreted in some way. Merely to have an observation that on a particular day 43 patients were reported to have received a particular service is not in itself meaningful. Facts are merely data elevated in confidence to a point of suggested certainty. The observation that 43 patients received a service may be...
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...The Methodology of Positive Accounting Charles Christenson The Accounting Review, Vol. 58, No. 1. (Jan., 1983), pp. 1-22. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0001-4826%28198301%2958%3A1%3C1%3ATMOPA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Z The Accounting Review is currently published by American Accounting Association. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/aaasoc.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please...
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...Academy of Management http://www.jstor.org/stable/257992 . Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Academy of Management is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Academy of Management Review. http://www.jstor.org ? Academy of Management Review, 1987, Vol. 12, No. 1, 38-51. Are the Classical Management Functions Useful in Describing Managerial Work? STEPHEN . CARROLL J University of Maryland DENNISJ. GILLEN Syracuse University This paper attempts to evaluate the usefulness of the classical management functions perspective for describing managerial work and for serving as the basis for management education. It also examines some of the newer conceptualizations of the manager's job and relates these to each other and to the earlier classical approach. As Miner (1971, 1982) noted, most management textbooks are organized on the basis of the original classical management functions first introduced by Fayol (1949) and elaborated and extended by others such...
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... ET AL . Conclusion: Knowledge and Skills for Professional Practice Tim W. Clark Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Institution for Social and Policy Studies at Yale, Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative Murray B. Rutherford Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative Kim Ziegelmayer Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Michael J. Stevenson Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Most professionals beginning their careers in species and ecosystem conservation conceive of their future work in terms of hands-on tasks in the field (“doing something important in the real world”). Whether on the domestic or the international scene, typically the forester sees themselves laying out timber sales, the fisheries biologist looks forward to surveying streams, and the range specialist expects to be classifying grasslands. Current curricula in most universities largely mirror this common view. We train future foresters to address logging problems in the Pacific Northwest or in the tropics, or conservation biologists to design a reserve or study an endangered species. But in actual practice, most professionals spend only part—and sometimes a small part—of their time attending to technical tasks in the field. Professionals, over a career or a lifetime, participate in many activities well beyond fieldwork, and there is much more to building a successful professional practice today than skills...
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...Fairleigh Dickson University. This type of degree is awarded by community colleges or hospital based nursing schools in US. To graduate as ADN nurse, one has to study 2 years and earn 72 credit hours. The core curriculum based on adult health, community health, maternal, newborn, pediatric and geriatric nursing. After completing the course, to work as Registered Nurse (RN), one has to pass basic requirements such as NCLEX RN test and other continuing education depending upon the nursing board. There are some advantages of ADN programs, that is, they are less expensive, low time consuming and easy way to entry level nursing jobs. ADN degree is based on practical bed side nursing like patient teaching, communicating, provider of care and manager of care. But scope of ADN nurses are limited to certifications. Baccalaureate Degree Nursing Baccalaureate Degree Nursing also known as Bachelor of Nursing or Bachelor of Science in other countries. It is an academic degree in the science and principles of nursing, awarded by an accredited tertiary education provider such as Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) and Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN). BSN degree programs were started in 1909 and University of Minnesota was the first university to offer...
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...research will focus in particular upon their appropriateness to the project’s key research question or questions posed and the robustness of the claims made in the article. Finally, a consideration of the potential contribution that a different qualitative method could have on the research question asked will be conducted to assess its strengths and weaknesses. The research was to explore what was widely known about those that used the drug ecstasy, those that sold the drug and whether these was a correlation between the two. Additional the researcher wanted to discover whether use of ecstasy within clubs club scene mirror the image of drug use as a subgroup. In an effect to verify the research aim the research methodologies used was observational data collection on the use of ecstasy and ecstasy selling...
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...Final Exam Organizational Culture Creativity and Change Dr. Michelle Zimmerman Yidong Yuan A. Basic Human Processes: Perception and Learning As stated on our book, social perception is the process through which people select, organize, and interpret the information around them as it pertains to other people. According to social identity theory, the way we perceive others and ourselves is based on both our own unique characteristics (known as personal identity) and our membership in various groups (known as social identity) (Greenberg, 2011). The process of attribution involves judging the underlying reasons for people’s behavior. Some of our judgments are based on inferences made on the basis of observing others’ behavior. These judgments, known as correspondent inferences, are often inaccurate. Our search for explanations about the causes of others’ behavior leads us to make either judgments of internal causality (the individual is responsible for his own actions) or external causality (someone or something else is responsible). Kelley’s theory of causal attribution explains that such judgments will be based on three types of information: consensus (whether others act in a similar manner), consistency (whether the individual previously acted this way in the same situation), and distinctiveness (whether this person acted similarly in different situations) (Greenberg, 2011). Several types of systematic errors, known as perceptual biases, limit the accuracy of social...
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...activities. However, when appointing more labours, the project cost increases due to overtime and more resources being used. Time and cost requirement must be balanced to reduce project duration. The gist of this paper covers production time, along with the cost applying the concept of crashing. In addition, time management with optimum cost is vital for any project. A method to obtain optimum cost and project duration minimization is outlined. This is achieved by fully crashing the critical path or by removing non-added values steps. INTRODUCTION The work done in this article is related to production planning and control, which reduces manufacturing throughput time for a special purpose machine. Planning and control is used to make decisions for the procurement, allocation and utilization of production resources to satisfy customer’s requirements from the machine. The ultimate objective of production...
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...shopping will be used to investigate the factors affecting purchasing behaviour of students. A Comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of each of the three data collection methods. Suggestion of ways in which marketing managers could use your findings on shopping/purchase determinants to improve business performance | Contents 1. Introduction 2. Fieldwork Results 2.1. Price 2.2. Quality 2.3. Discounts 2.4. Personal Preference and taste 2.5. Brand Reputation 2.6. Other peoples reviews 3. Analysis of data Collection Method 3.1. Advantage and disadvantages of collection methods 3.2. Summary of the three research methods 4. Practical implications of findings 5. Appendix A. Focus Group B. Interview 1 C. Interview 2 D. Observational shop 1 E. Observational shop 2 1. Introduction Within this report explores the factors influencing students choices of branded grocery products when grocery shopping through a three types of data collection methods, which are a Focus Group, two Face-to-face- interviews and two observational shops. After analysing the findings the advantages and disadvantages of the research methods are discussed. Finally there will be summary of how a manager of a store can use the results to their benefit. 2. Fieldwork Results Consumer behaviour is defined as “activities people undertake when obtaining, consuming, and disposing of products and services” (Blackwell...
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...monthly. The expectation is that such meetings are necessary and therefore required. And yet, some people consider such teams to be a waste of time, money, and resources. The Mining Group Gold process is a team process and meeting management process whose sole purpose is to leverage the combined wisdom, experience, and ideas of everyone on the team in order to cash in on this wisdom to improve the overall meeting process and to improve the decisions of the organizational unit. Kayser (1995) developed and perfected a method for teams or groups of individuals to maximize and capitalize on their collective effort in a decision meeting venue. Kayser’s steps to Mining Group Gold are to (a) establish a purpose for the meeting; (b) set the outcomes that the group wishes to achieve from the meeting; (c) assign the roles of facilitator, scribe, and timekeeper; (d) set an agenda for the meeting; and (e) perform periodic time checks during the session to keep the group on track and on task. The connection between the Bikhchandani et al. model of observational learning and Kayser’s Mining Group Gold process is that significant behavioral observation and reflection...
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...* MECHANISMS FOR DEALING WITH SHAREHOLDER-MANAGER CONFLICTS * * AGENCY VERSUS CONTRACT * * FURTHER READING: Agency theory suggests that the firm can be viewed as a nexus of contracts (loosely defined) between resource holders. An agency relationship arises whenever one or more individuals, called principals, hire one or more other individuals, called agents, to perform some service and then delegate decision-making authority to the agents. The primary agency relationships in business are those (1) between stockholders and managers and (2) between debtholders and stockholders. These relationships are not necessarily harmonious; indeed, agency theory is concerned with so-called agency conflicts, or conflicts of interest between agents and principals. This has implications for, among other things, corporate governance and business ethics. When agency occurs it also tends to give rise to agency costs, which are expenses incurred in order to sustain an effective agency relationship (e.g., offering management performance bonuses to encourage managers to act in the shareholders' interests). Accordingly, agency theory has emerged as a dominant model in the financial economics literature, and is widely discussed in business ethics texts. Agency theory in a formal sense originated in the early 1970s, but the concepts behind it have a long and varied history. Among the influences are property-rights theories, organization economics, contract law, and political philosophy...
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...The personality profile that our team chose is Work Personality Profile. In this paper we will describe how the Work Personality Profile works. We will also explain why this profile was chosen for reorganization. Our team also will analyze how the profile will be administered to help in the reorganization. Finally we will explain the common decision-making models and described which one the we used to decide on the personality profile. Personality Profile The Work Personality Profile (WPP) according to Bolton, Roessler (1986) was developed at Arkansas Research and Training Center in Vocational Rehabilitation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, in the United States (para. 1) to make available a comprehensive observational instrument for assessing critical work role requirements (para. 1). This particular assessment has been repeatedly used on the workforce to originally test employees who possessed a variety of clinical disorders (Occupational Medicine Journal, 2013, p. 361). This type of profile contains about 58 “behavioral oriented items related to work attitudes, habits, and behaviors” (Bolton, Roessler, 1986, para. 3). It uses a four point scale to determine strength, employment asset, adequate performance, and performance inconsistency, which could lead to problems down the line according to Bolton, Roesler (1986). This 58 item profile forms 11(11) “rationally derived scales (Tyerman, & Young, 2000, p. 15): • Acceptance of the work role • Ability to profit from...
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