...light goes into the eye lens and into the pupil to magnify the image. The two types of binoculars are The Porro Prism and The Roof Prism. The Porro Prism has a zig-zag path through each barrel. The Roof Prism binoculars are more expensive, however these show a clearer or brighter image than the Porro Prism. While the Porro Prism light path goes zig-zag the Roof prism appears to go in a straight line. The Porro Prism’s design makes astronomical observing better. The aperture is usually showed in millimeters. Any binocular aperture that is less than 42 millimeters will be not good for observing the night sky. The magnification is also important because they define how closer an object will be. In conclusion the telescopes and binoculars are important tools in astronomy. There are two different kinds of telescopes. One is the refractor telescope and the other is the reflector. The refractor uses lenses to magnify the image while the reflector uses mirror to make the image clearer. The Porro Prism binoculars are best for astronomical observing. The Roof Prism binoculars are a little more expensive but they correct the image more. Lab 8 Assignments 1. This video talks about the different kinds of telescopes and the way they work. There are three kinds of telescopes which are the refractor, reflector, and catadioptric. The refractor telescope uses lenses to magnify the image. The light first goes in the primary lens and then the light goes into the eye lens and into the...
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...Sun uses setting, symbolism, and word choice in the play “No Child” to critique the state of schools and the No Child Left Behind Act. The setting was a significant part of the play because it represented the way society viewed these students. The students are viewed as convicts. On a daily basis the students have to go through a thorough search in order to enter the school. The Janitor states, “Seventeen feet below my very own, lay one hundred-thousand-dollar worth of a security system” (p.5). This type of treatment informs the students that society believes that they are criminals. The security offices states, “Girl, girl! Whatcha ti’ink dis is? You can’t go in wifoot goin’ tru da detector open your arms, spear your legs” (p.13). Suns inform the reader on her position regarding this matter. The janitor states “Your tax dollars at work!” (p.13). Instead of spending money on a fancy security system the money should be used to provide children a high quality education....
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...see in this simple sun-planet system. Specifically, what happens to the central object (the Sun)? Can you explain why the central object moves? HINT: Is gravitational attraction only the sun pulling on the planet? Does the planet orbit in a perfect circle? Is the sun at the center? Solution: Running the simulation we get the paths of the two body system as shown in the above figure. The central Object (The Sun) also moves along a closed path resembling a small ellipse. The motion of the central object must be attributed to the gravitational force acting on it by the smaller object causing smaller centripetal acceleration. No, the planet doesn’t move in a perfect circle. No, the sun is not at the center of a circular path. 2. Click Stop and then select 3 bodies. Then Start. Sketch a complete cycle (orbit). Watch the ‘funny’ object closely. What is it doing? Describe and explain. Could this be the Earth/Moon/Sun system? (Try un-checking Show Traces.) Is there anything you are uncomfortable with in the simulation? Explain. Can you explain the difference in the moon’s path when it is on the right side of the Sun compared to on the left side? (Turn Traces back on.) Solution: The smallest object which is behaving as a satellite to the second object appears to behave funny. But, it’s orbiting the planet which is orbiting the central body, that is, the sun. The relative masses of the three bodies in the simulation don’t match the actual sun-earth-moon system...
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...Galileo Galilei, a mathematics professor, was very well known for improving the telescope and using it to observe the Solar System. He supported the Copernican theory. By doing this he got in trouble for going against the Church. Exchange: *Copernicus theorized that the universe was heliocentric, meaning that the planets revolve around the sun, however there were several faults in his theory. In Galileo’s writing Dialogues he expressed that Copernicans theory was logical and agreed with it. * In the Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems Galileo inserted his coversations with Sagredo and Simplicio. In this he argues that the sun is the center of our solar system, and not the Earth. * Johannes Kepler sent a letter to Galileo after...
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...Due Date: Thursday, November 16, 2006 1. If nuclear fusion of hydrogen in the core of the Sun were to stop now, what would we see on the surface of the Sun tomorrow? Why? Will we be able to tell that hydrogen burning in the core has stopped? How? (20pt) (Hint: What particles that are generated by the fusion of hydrogen can escape from the interior of the Sun immediately?) You won’t be able to see any changes on the surface of the Sun…probably you won’t see anything from helioseismology data either. This is because photons generated in the core of the Sun takes about one million years to get to the surface. This means that the thermal energy generated in the last minute of the fusion will last for about a million years, and the Sun will just very slowly contract. So, we will not see changes on the surface until a million years later. However, we should be able to tell that the hydrogen fusion in the core has stopped by observing the solar neutrinos. The neutrinos do not interact with the solar plasma, and can escape the Sun and reach Earth in about 8 minutes. So, we would find that the neutrino flux is decreased. 2. Chapter 11, Review Question 7. What is the defining characteristic of a main-sequence star? How is surface temperature related to luminosity for main-sequence stars? (20pt) 3. Is this statement sensible? Why, or why not? (20pt) If the Sun had been born as a high-mass star some 4.6 billion years ago, rather than as a low mass star, the...
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...She then displayed individual items at a time and described them as either solid or liquid and asked students if they believed the sun might change them. Once students had an opportunity to share their predictions the teacher placed the tray outside in direct sunlight. While it was a relatively cold day the sun was out and the tray was to be left out for a large portion of the day. Then students were prompted to write in their daily journals about what they predict would happen to the items and how they might look different when brought back into the classroom. In order to support ELL students a sentence frame was provided for students which read, “i predict that ___(object)___ will _(melt/stay the same/etc)___.” This not only helped ELL students but also students who were not as comfortable forming their own...
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...hit TV survival show ``Astronomy Midterm No. 1''. How much money is this in real money? C) \$10,000 ----------- 9. Most Greek astronomers believed that the Earth is immobile because they did not observe E) parallaxes for the stars. ----------- 14. Sunspots were discovered by C) Galileo. ----------- 15. Aristarchus argues E) for a heliocentric universe. ----------- 16. The higher the frequency of light B) the shorter (smaller) its wavelength. ----------- 17. Aristarchus estimated the relative distances to the Sun and Moon by observing the A) angle between the half Moon and the Sun in the sky. ----------- 18. The smaller the wavelength of light A) the larger its frequency. ----------- 19. The difference in the lengths of shadows simultaneously cast by identical sticks placed vertically in the ground at two different points on a meridian indicates that D) the Earth is not flat. ----------- 20. The spectral lines of a star are observed to be shifted toward larger wavelengths. This shows that E) the star is receding from us. ----------- 21. In order to account for the retrograde motion of the planets, Ptolemy introduced the A) epicycle. ----------- 22. The spectral lines of a star are...
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...done by cutting open the chest and removing the heart. One Aztec legend relates that the Fifth Sun was created at Teotihuacan by the sacrifices of creator-gods to set the sun and moon in motion in the sky, therefore, setting an example of sacrifice for humans to follow. Another myth would be that Quetzalcoatl shed some of his blood to help restore life on earth, which led the Aztecs to see the shedding of blood as the ultimate gift to sustain life for the community. Lastly, Aztec men and women believed in order to achieve immortality, women had to die from childbirth and men had to die on the battlefield. From observing the rituals and ceremonies by the ancient civilizations of the Greeks, Egyptians, and the Aztecs, they all displayed actions that we might think are extreme, but it shows how great these practices have contributed to the identification of their religion and culture. Moreover, many customs and practices that we see today and throughout history have proven to become immensely influential in people’s lives in which it may be considered sacred and important. By recognizing different beliefs and religions around the world, the rituals and ceremonies have proven to be what defines a culture by giving a depiction of how people lived deeply by their beliefs. Overall, the role of belief systems, especially their ceremonies and rituals, have served as a great outlook in observing how people lived their everyday lives in ancient civilizations, also realizing how important...
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...ABOUT THE SUN The Sun is our nearest star. Its light and heat make life on Earth possible. When did the Sun form? Scientists calculate the Sun and solar system formed at approximately the same time, 4.55 billion years ago. This is based on the ages of the oldest objects that we have sampled from our solar system, meteorites. How did the Sun form? The solar nebula theory describes how most scientists think the Sun formed. A cloud of hydrogen and helium gas and dust existed in space. It began to compress and eventually gravitational forces pulled the gas and dust together and the cloud collapsed. The collapsing cloud began spinning and flattening into a disk. Much of the material was concentrated in the center of the spinning mass, where compression resulted in a “protosun” of increasing density and temperature. Eventually the heat and pressure increased to the point where nuclear fusion of hydrogen occurred and the Sun ignited. By exploring our universe with tools such as the Hubble Space Telescope, scientists have discovered stars in various stages of formation predicted by the solar nebular theory. How much longer will the Sun shine? Scientists predict the Sun will shine for another 7 billion years! They arrive at this estimate by calculating how fast the hydrogen in the Sun's core is being converted to helium. Approximately 37% of the Sun's hydrogen has been used since the time of its formaton, 4.55 billion years ago. (Lang, 1999) How big is the Sun? The Sun's diameter is...
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...Now it was forenoon, the warm bright sun felt fantastic after being in the cold and dark for hours. There was a refreshing breeze that blew the smell of dirt and dust away and replaced it with the smell of trees and leaves, as we began to stroll along the pavement. Most of us sauntered to McDonald’s, however on the way there we were laughing so hard. One of our friends who was Cindy Lou Who in the play, had done their hair very unusual, it was super tall, and was also wearing a pink onesie. As we walked, people driving past us looked so confound and bewilder making the funniest faces, which was what we were laughing at. When we eventually arrived at McDonald’s, the smell of fries cooking filled the air. I had ordered myself an oreo milkshake, fries, and a cheeseburger. Famished...
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...that study participants were ask to lie about a dull task and proclaim that it was interesting and exciting to reduce their dissonance, they had to change their attitudes about the actuality of the task to reduce their dissonance (Brock & Green, 2005). On the other hand, the hypocrisy paradigm might be seen as having a vantage point in determining the pros and cons of positive and negative courses of action (Brock & Green, 2005). The nature of change can be defined as our motivations to understand the complex constructs we use in defining why we do what we do and say what we say. Some researchers have argued that hypocrisy makes people change their behaviors rather than their attitudes because people think about their attitudes by observing their behaviors in the situations in which their behaviors affect their attitudes. Self-perception theory states that a person’s action influences their attitudes because people cognitively think...
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...it sends all its energy to one place. A particle of light is called a photon. Photons can be absorbed into objects, bounce off objects, or fly through space. Over the course of a million years, clumps of particles will grow into what is called a “protostar” and draw in more gases and grow even hotter. This is how stars are formed and is a point in a star’s life. Astronomers determine composition, temperature, speed, and rotation rate of distant objects with a tool called a spectroscopy. When a star gives off light and the light splits by prism, the spectral pattern reflects a star’s composition. All stars are 95% hydrogen, so the variations in composition expose its age, luminosity, and origin. Composition of ages can be determined by observing the light of a star. The temperature of a star can be determined from its color and its spectrum. All stars have different colors because of its light radiation. Another way to determine the temperature of a star is to examine the spectral lines in the starlight. “Because we sometimes describe light as an electromagnetic wave, the complete spectrum of light is usually called the electromagnetic spectrum” (Bennett, Donahue, Schneider, and Voit, 2009). This is used to explain all types of electromagnetic energy that exist throughout the universe. Spectra consist of three different types: continuous, emission line, and absorption. Emission and absorption lines tells us that each type of atom, ion, or molecules obtain a rare set of energy...
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...Daylight savings time was first conceived by Benjamin Franklin in 1784 when he was in Paris. Evidently, Ben had a lot of “time” to kill in Paris, but his idea went nowhere. The idea of “Daylight Savings” is essentially moving clocks one hour (or more or less) ahead- essentially “moving an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening. The first serious effort to save daylight occurred in Britain. London builder William Willett wrote an essay entitled “Waste of Daylight” in 1907- when he noticed during an early morning ride that the blinds on houses were closed-even though the sun was fully risen. Evidently, this waste of time by citizens was more than he could bear. He wrote: “Everyone appreciates the long light in evenings - everyone laments...
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...as a guide, using complete sentences for all subpoints. 1. Our place in the universe a. The modern view of the universe 1) What is our Sun and what is its role in the solar system? a. The Sun is a fairly ordinary but large star. b. The Sun is the focal point of our solar system, because all of the planets orbit the Sun. 2) What is our Milky Way galaxy and the sun’s position in it? a. The Milky Way galaxy is where our solar system is located in the universe. b. The Milky Way galaxy is home to over 100 billion stars and the Sun is one of those stars. 3) What is the Big Bang and what does it say about the age of the universe? a. The Big Bang is when the universe began. b. The Big Bang is thought to have happened about 14 billion years ago. 4) What is meant by the phase “looking out in the universe is looking back in time?” a. When viewing the universe we see a vast amount of stars. b. The light from stars must travel great distances to reach us, and these distances take years. c. So when we see a star we are seeing the star as it was when the light first started traveling. b. Where are we in the universe? 1) What is Earth’s place in the solar system? a. The Earth is our home. b. The Earth is the only planet known to sustain human life. 2) How close are the nearest stars to the Sun as compared to the distance between the Sun and the Earth? 3) How large is our Milky Way galaxy? a. The Milky Way galaxy is home to our solar system. b. The Milky Way galaxy has a...
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...all the different stars and other matter in it. The size of the Universe is beyond our imagination. According to astronomers a huge explosion named the Big Bang created the Universe about 14 billion years ago . There are four basic forces that control the Universe : electromagnetism, the weak force, the strong force, and gravity. The asteroids, galaxies, comets, black holes, red dwarfs, meteors, moons, planets etc also constitute the Universe. There are nine planets planets in our solar system. They are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. The distances between these planets are huge compared to their sizes. The Sun is about the size of a grapefruit, on a scale of 1to 10 billion. Galaxies are vast collections of stars, gas and dust spinning in space and held together by gravity. Summary 2 : Observing the sky The night sky was made for us to observe. The stars and other celestial objects seem to lie on a large celestial sphere surrounding the Earth. The celestial sphere is an imaginary hollow sphere surrounding Earth to which all objects in the sky were once considered to be attached. The celestial equator is another important imaginary line on the sky. Actually this line is an imaginary circle on the celestial sphere, directly over or above Earth’s equator. As the celestial sphere appears to rotate above us, all the stars rotate on paths that are parallel to the celestial sphere. At the North Pole, where the north celestial pole and Polaris...
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