...of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) On 8 August 1967, in Bangkok, five governments in Southeast Asia established a political and economic organization, namely the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), with preliminary concerns about Communist intrusion among the region. The founding members comprise of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. ASEAN, later, aimed to increase the economic growth, social progress, and cultural development in the region, and promoting regional peace and stability under the motto “One Vision, One Identity, One Community.” ASEAN was opened for participation by all states in the Southeast Asian region sharing the same aims, principals and purposes. Therefore, Brunei Darussalam joined on 8 January 1984, Vietnam on 28 July 1995, Laos and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999. ASEAN, recently, consists of 10 member states, is seen as a successful model for developing countries that promote peace, stability and integration. ASEAN covers a land area of 4.46 million square kilometers, which is 3% of the total land area of Earth, and has a population approximately 600 million people, which is 8.8% of the world’s population. The sea area of ASEAN is about three times larger than its land counterpart. In 2011, ASEAN combined nominal GDP had growth to US$ 2.07 trillion, with the average per capital income of US$3,416 a year. In 2010, intra-ASEAN trade was 25.4% which was slightly higher than...
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...east by Laos and Thailand. The longest land border is communal with People’s Republic of China. Burma is known to the world as the nationally official name until 1989; the country’s name was the officially changed by the military government that reigned in 1988. Rangoon is the commercial capital and the largest city, and the administrative capital is Naypyidaw. Concerning with relationship of Myanmar and the largest local organization, ASEAN, Myanmar was stamped with its admission to join as one member state of ASEAN community in 1997. Considered the resource both natural and human capacities, Myanmar, the late-emerged country in the region, anticipated its advantages stemming from joining in ASEAN. Following the participation in the ASEAN community and with the establishment of AFTA agreement signed on 28 January 1992 in Singapore, Myanmar oversights its opportunities in development through the link of commercial trading which allows the free flow of trade, labor and information. However, although the precise advantages retrieved from the ASEAN membership is seen from its current stance, Myanmar also faces with mixed challenges and opportunities in the whole progressive pace of development, particularly with the relation in AFTA. This research is designed with some objectives. By looking at the present situation and in the near future situation of Myanmar economic and trading; it is very necessary to considered about it. And we want to find out and analyze on the 1 Myanmar...
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...ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY What is Asean Economic Community? More than a decade ago , the Asean leaders have agreed to form a single market in the area of southeast asia in the end of 2015 . It is conducted to increase as well as Asean foreign power could compete with China and India to attract foreign investment .Foreign capital investment in this region is needed to generate jobs and improve the welfare .With the Asean Economic Community, it will allow one country sells goods and services easily to other countries in all of Asia . AEC not only for the current trade goods or services , but also professional labor market , like a doctor , a lawyer , an accountant , and so on. Need to know that the formation of the Asean Economic Community is not a ‘gabare’ project, without a clear roadmap . AEC 2015 is a project of all members of Asean that has long been prepared with a strong vision . AEC 2015 is only one pillar of the 10 asean community realize the vision .The tenth of the pillars of the asean community vision are outward looking, economic integration, harmonious environment, prosperity, caring societies, common regional identity, living in peace, stability, democratic, dan shared cultural heritage. Opprtunity, challange, and risk for Indonesia with the emergence of AEC First , countries in south east asia will be used as a region of the unity of the market and the basis of production .With the creation of the unity of the market and production base it will make the flow...
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...ABSTRACT The ASEAN regional integration visualizes the conversion of economies in Southeast Asia into a unified market and manufacturing base by promoting the unobstructed flow of goods and services. It signifies better chances of more market entries, lesser input costs, lower discharge expenditures, greater inflows of foreign investments, and wider options for quality commodities and services at reasonable prices. This research examines issues as to whether the benefits outweigh the costs of trade liberalization, its impacts on national economic growth, and the Philippines’ preparedness to overcome the impediments posed by the integration. Overall, the outcomes of the interviews show that the Philippines is not yet fully adapted to aligning domestic benchmarks with international standards although it has accomplished vital progress in certain sectors. The study also reveals that member affiliates and the Philippine economy can reap the benefits of the liberalization so long as they prevail upon their commitments to forge ahead with achieving the goals of the ASEAN Economic Community. Elimination of cross-border taxes, compliance with harmonized regulatory policies, and leaders’ steadfastness to attain the goals of the integration are the key factors for the success of the liberalization. Since the research deals more on the qualitative aspects, the authors recommend more statistical data gathering and in-depth quantitative analysis to obtain a more accurate gauge of the overall...
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...This document may not be fully accessible. For an accessible version, please visit http://www.international.gc.ca/commerce/strategy-strategie/r3.aspx Overview of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Updated June 2012 The Canadian Trade Commissioner Service presents a Global Commerce Strategy Priority Market The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 1 —Brunei Darussalam, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam—makes up one of the world’s fastest growing economic regions. In December 2008, ASEAN’s Charter came into force, granting ASEAN status as an international legal entity. With an estimated combined gross domestic product (GDP) of $2.1 trillion and a combined population of about 609 million people, ASEAN is a regional economic force that is quickly becoming the free trade hub of Asia. It has concluded free trade agreements with China, India, Japan, Korea, and Australia/New Zealand, has completed a Trade and Investment Framework Arrangement with the United States, and is in the process of pursuing several other trade and investment agreements. The ASEANChina FTA, which came into force in 2010, represents one of the largest free-trade zones in the world, with an estimated 2.0 billion consumers. ASEAN is also pursuing further internal integration with the establishment an Economic Community (target date 2015), which would harmonize trade laws and permit the free movement of goods, services, labour, and capital...
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...The East Asia’ Regional Economic Integration Tutor: Griffith, Edward Student ID: 20647046 Student Name: Hong Xu (Eric) Word Count: 2369 Date of Submission: 18/1/2016 The East Asia’ Regional Economic Integration In the past twenty years, the East Asian economies realized the freedom of foreign trade and direct investment (FDI) because of the influence of GATT/WTO and APEC and as a result, it further promotes the economic growth of East Asia. The mutual economic dependence of each countries has increased a lot and therefore, close economic cooperation among Asian countries is necessary for healthy economic development. Many countries try to deepen their cooperation by establishing agreement and carrying out negotiation or discussion (Kawai 2004). Besides, the East Asian countries want to have their own institutions where they have vital voice in decision making after the financial crisis. As a consequence, the regional economic integration become an inevitable trend. The structure of this essay is organized as follows. The first part of this essay will discuss the driving forces of...
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...Table of Contents Introduction to Copenhagen Conference and Kyoto Protocol 2 ASEAN and Copenhagen Conference 3 Climate Change as an Issue 4 Sustainable Development 5 Impact of Kyoto Protocol on ASEAN 7 Challenges faced by ASEAN under Kyoto Protocol 9 Conclusion 11 Referencing 12 Introduction to Copenhagen Conference and Kyoto Protocol In 1992, countries coupled together for an international treaty, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. However, by 1995, countries realized that provisions of emission reductions in the Convention were insufficient. Due to this reason, they launched negotiations to reinforce the global response to climate change. These negotiations lead to the adoption of an agreement known as Kyoto Protocol (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2013). The Copenhagen Climate Change Conference held in Denmark raised climate change policy to the highest political level. 115 world leaders attended this high-level segment, building it one of the major gatherings of world leaders ever outside UN headquarters in New York. More than 40,000 people that represent governments, nongovernmental organizations, intergovernmental organizations, media, faith-based organizations UN agencies applied for accreditation (UNFCCC, 2013) The Copenhagen Accord enclosed numerous key elements on which there was strong union of the views of governments. This incorporated the long-term goal of limiting the maximum global average temperature...
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...advantages which unique tailored with the available resources within an organization to the rapidly changing environment to achieved their objective. (Johnson & Scholes, 2002) More precisely the strategy involved in the following finding: * Identify the external environmental that give impact to an industry * Identify the internal environment that gives impact on competition and profitability * Evaluate the new opportunity from current and new market * Assess the industry life cycle and forecast future changes in industry * Identify Critical Success Factors This paper report transcript the introduction of the company Atlantic Zeiser (the numbering machine company in the old days) and its subsidiary operation in ASEAN. The report follows by the analysis of its situation analysis and critic the Vision and Mission set by the company. At the environmental analysis, PESTEL analysis explains how the external environmental factors affect the business. The competitive advantage analysis using Porter’s Five Forces and internal environmental factors finding the company SWOT analysis. Last but not...
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...systems and the interaction between the two have created an interesting mix of hope, challenges and threats at the national, bilateral and regional levels. Besides, with the ongoing economic integration and political and security cooperation with regional powers, the regional organization-ASEAN seeks to balance these relations with the proliferation of new powers. The Institute of Peace & Conflict Studies (IPCS), as an independent research institute and a leading think-tank, explores what is happening in Southeast Asia today. The Southeast Asia Research Programme (SEARP) at the Institute monitors these internal issues in the region on a regular basis and further intends to convert the process into a annual meet to understand the dynamics of the current issues, challenges and problems in Southeast Asia. Three themes have been identified in the region which need immediate attention– Internal political challenges, inter-state conflicts and ASEAN and regional security. Theme-I Internal Political Challenges The primary security concerns confronting Southeast Asia have always been internal in nature. Many security problems in this region have stemmed from its internal strife, posing the greatest obstacle to Southeast Asian integration and development. With political and social diversity, internal conflicts continue to afflict the region and pose a serious challenge not only to the sovereignty and territorial integrity...
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...ECIPE OCCasIOnal PaPEr • no. 2/2010 REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN ASIA: THE TRACK RECORD AND PROSPECTS By Razeen Sally Razeen Sally (razeen.sally@ecipe.org) is Director of ECIPE and on the faculty of the London School of Economics www.ecipe.org info@ecipe.org Rue Belliard 4-6, 1040 Brussels, Belgium Phone +32 (0)2 289 1350 ECIPE OCCASIONAL PAPER ExECuTIvE SuMMARy This is the season for regional-integration initiatives in Asia. There is talk of region-wide FTAs, and there are east-Asian initiatives on financial and monetary cooperation. But grand visions for Asian regional blocs are not achievable. Regional economic integration is most developed in east Asia, but only because of manufacturing supply chains linked to global markets. South Asia is the most malintegrated region in the world. And east and south Asia are much less integrated in finance than they are in trade and FDI – due to highly restrictive national policies governing financial markets. Asia’s existing FTAs are “trade light”. They are largely limited to tariff cuts, but have barely tackled non-tariff regulatory barriers in goods, services and investment, and are bedevilled by complex rules of origin requirements. An APEC FTA initiative has gone nowhere – entirely predictable given such a large, heterogeneous grouping. An east-Asian or a pan-Asian FTA, by discriminating against third countries, would compromise regional production networks linked to global supply chains. Moreover, huge economic...
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...foreign policy orientation towards South East Asia; an immensely resourceful and flourishing region. The economy of South East Asia is a virtually untapped market which is up for grabs by major regional economic entities such as India, China, Europe or the USA. India’s compatibility with the South East Asian countries with regard to better regional cooperation lies in the fact of its abstinence from exhibiting hegemonistic ambitions, making it more benign towards South East Asia. The camaraderie between India and South-East Asia is clearly visible through the dynamic persuasion of India’s Look-East Policy. India and ASEAN reciprocally have embarked upon a number of initiatives for rejuvenating their ties in multiple areas. Frequent tête-à-tête from both the sides promulgates better implementation of the Policy. The improving intensification of economic linkages with ASEAN has inspired India to enter into the second phase of its Look-East Policy. Phase 2 is the deviation from complete economic issues to the broader agenda involving security cooperation, actively constructing transport corridors and erecting pillars of linkages and connectivity. This phase of India’s Look-East Policy renders ample relevance to the development of its North-Eastern Region because of its geographical proximity to SouthEast Asia. The North-Eastern tip of India consisting of contiguous seven sister statesArunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and the state of Sikkim - constitutes...
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...Malaysia decided to collaborate with Indonesia is due to similar culture, such as religion, environments and language. Majority of Malaysian and Indonesian are Muslim which share similar language, hence the first obstacle has overcome as language plays an important role in business communication which also able to eliminates common mistakes and misunderstandings. Therefore, the development they are working on is more likely to carry out successful as strengthen of mutual ties in collaborating due to understanding of various cultures in both countries. The next forces is Environmental; Technological Forces. Define as changes in technology in technology which can have a significant impact on a company's processes, pricing of competition or even the obsolescence of a company's product. (Investorwords.com, 2015) Besides that, it shapes the collaborative behaviours that drive results by only making collaboration technologies presented. For instance, collaboration between Apple and Foxconn on producing iPhone is dominating the handheld devices as they have the latest developing technologies. Since they plan on localisation, design and engineering activities, market studies, logistic services, purchasing and other relevant processes, whereas Malaysia is the only countries among ASEAN with an in-house Research and...
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...Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) and Narrowing the Development Gap (NDG) Narrowing the Development Gap Narrowing the Development Gap in ASEAN refers to reducing various forms of disparities among and within Member States where some pockets of underdevelopment persist. Measures in the ASEAN Political Security, Socio-Cultural and Economic Community Blueprints are targeted at policy reforms for narrowing the development divide to foster regional cooperation, greater social and economic integration, consistent with the objective of building an ASEAN Community in 2015. Initiative for ASEAN Integration The ASEAN Heads of State at their Summit in 2000 launched the Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) with the objectives of Narrowing the Development Gap (NDG) and accelerating economic integration of the newer members of ASEAN, namely Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Viet Nam (CLMV). IAI Work Plans The efforts to narrow the development gap will be driven mainly by the IAI Work Plan (IAI-WP). The six-year IAI-Work Plans have been developed to assist the CLMV countries as well as ASEAN's other sub-regions to ensure that the economic wheels of their economies move at an accelerated pace. The first phase of the Work Plan covered the years 2002 to 2008. The current Work Plan (IAI-WP II) is based on key programme areas in the three Blueprints for the ASEAN Community: ASEAN Political-Security Community Blueprint, ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint and ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community...
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...Sorawit Limparangsri Thailand’s Brand Image Brand Studies and Research Center, University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce Doing Business in Creative Economy with the Growing Impact of AEC: ASEAN Economic Community Waralak V. Siricharoen, Nattanun Siricharoen Organizational Preparation for the Asean Economic Community Associate Professor Thongtippha Viriyapan THAI SKILLED LABOR AND THE AEC An Analysis of “Competitive Potential of Skilled Labor in the Service Sector Free Opening under the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)” Contents June-August 2012 3 4 9 16 Editor's Memo Arbitration in Thailand 04 14 Thailand’s Brand Image 16 Doing Business in Creative Economy with the Growing Impact of AEC: ASEAN Economic Community 21 Organizational Preparation for the Asean Economic Community 2 www.facebook.com/ThailandEcoReview Thai Skilled Labor And the AEC An Analysis of “Competitive Potential of Skilled Labor in the Service Sector Free Opening under the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)” 09 21 Editor's Memo “Seven Thai Professionals … How They Will Compete When We Enter the AEC?” In a relatively short time, Thailand will have a free flow labor with the other ASEAN member countries. The ten nations of ASEAN have prepared the Mutual Recognition Arrangements (MRA), which specify the basic qualifications for seven groups of professionals to work freely in each other’s countries. These groups are Engineering...
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...“What do we say to the client who still insists on having a “native speaker” English teacher?” An analysis of the prejudices surrounding non-native English speaker teachers (NNESTs) and the obstacles for fostering cooperation between NNESTs and native English speaker teachers (NESTs) in ESL courses in Indonesia. Word count 2997 The spread of English across the globe in recent years had led to English being taught by many more NNESTs, a shift which has produced as many inconsistencies as it has benefits for both students and the teachers themselves. This paper will examine the types, level and origins of discrimination faced by NNESTs in the EF franchise of English language schools in Indonesia of which the author has 10 years’ experience working in. It will also assess the obstacles which hinder cooperation between NESTs and NNESTs within this context. The number of NNESTs is now at an all time high worldwide, fuelled by the rapid growth in the popularity of English language learning (Graddol 2006). Canagarajah (2005) estimates that NNESTs account for 80% of all English teachers, across both non-English and English speaking countries. Issues surrounding how NNESTs are viewed have become a hot topic for ESL school’s directors of studies, ESL students, parents of students (who want the best for their children, at the best price of course), NESTs and NNESTs (of themselves and each other) and not least the academics who write about the relative merits and demerits of each...
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