...Natural Resources and Energy Paper People, Science, and the Environment SCI 256 “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need, but not every man’s greed.” (Gandhi, 2011) Did Gandhi have foresight into the destructive ways of humans? Earth seemed to have endless amenities that would take humans a lifetime to consume. With the abundance of these amenities, have humans failed to conserve and nurture nature’s gifts in the name of greed? In this paper, the subject to identify and discuss will be the effects that a growing human population may have on the marine ecosystem’s resources, including loss or harm to population of wild species; discuss one management practice of sustainability and conservation of natural resources in the marine ecosystem. Finally, the paper will identify is the risks and benefits of extracting or using one type of nonrenewable and one type of renewable energy resource from the marine ecosystem. From a distance in space humans look at this planet called Earth. Earth covers the massive blue oceans of life. Planet Earth humans call home consist of numerous types of land and marine species from the deepest part of the ocean to the clear shallow water of sandy beaches that lie within an ecosystem. The marine ecosystem is so complex but at the same time it is not complicated. Humans cannot see creatures with the naked eye but can spot a massive blue whale from a distance;...
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...Offshore Drilling – To Drill or Not to Drill The Effects of Drilling on the Environment and Business Lydia M. Wityk Strayer University Abstract This paper will explore the business of oil companies drilling off the coast line of the United States. It will explore the benefits from the business of oil companies to the detrimental effects of the oil spills from the offshore drilling. Should we continue to drill for oil off the coast with the possibility of additional spillage into the oceans. We know that oil spills damage the environment, and the social and economic welfare of the residents in the area. At the same time the oil companies can positively affect the economy and the United State’s welfare. In comparing both sides of the argument I will look at the past and current oil companies to determine if they acted morally in their everyday business practice. At this post-BP disaster era, the United States is questioning whether we should continue to drill and expand our drilling. I will utilize the consequentialist theory to determine what would be the best next step for the U.S. to take. Using the current information gathered on BP’s business practice and the effects of the oil spill, I will weigh the ratio of good to bad to determine my opinion on whether to drill or not to drill. Off Shore Drilling – To Drill or Not to Drill The Effects of Drilling on the Environment and Business The United States has been offshore drilling for oil since...
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...Ship Design and Construction Written by an International Group of Authorities Thomas Lamb, Editor Volume II Y OF NA IET VA C O L CHITECT AR S & RINE E NG MA I The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 601 Pavonia Avenue • Jersey City, NJ • 07306 THE ERS S NE • Published in 2004 by Copyright © 2004 The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. ISBN 0-939773-41-4 The opinions or assertions of the authors herein are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of SNAME. It is understood and agreed that nothing expressed herein is intended or shall be construed to give any person, firm, or corporation any right, remedy, or claim against SNAME or any of its officers or members. Design by Andrew MacBride. Printed in the United States of America by Sheridan Books. Contents Acknowledgments ix xv Author Biographies for Volume II Chapter 27 Multipurpose Cargo Ships 27.1 Description 27-1 27.4 References 27-35 Horst Linde, Berlin University of Technology, Faculty of Transport Technology, Institute of Land and Sea Transport, Germany 27.2 Design Issues 27-28 27.3 Ship Characteristics 27-35 Chapter 28 Reefer Ships Allan M. Friis, The Technical University of Denmark, Denmark 28.3 Design Issues 28-26 28.1 Description 28-1 28.2 System Design 28-8 28.4 Ship Characteristics 28-27 Chapter 29 Oil Tankers Michael Osborne, Shell International Trading and Shipping, UK, and R. Keith Michel, Herbert Engineering...
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...Ethics in the Workplace Case Study: BP Oil Spill On April 20, 2010 off the Gulf of Mexico, there was a blowout of the Macondo well which is owned by British Petroleum also known as BP. When the blowout took place it got immediate media attention because aspects of the event were known over the world. Within events transpiring it was discovered how limited the resources and reaction to the disaster was going to be. This paper will detail aspects of the event from symptoms of the problem, the root cause, important unresolved issues, roles of the organization’s key players and stakeholders, and explain the focus of specific ethical systems. Also discussed in this paper are relevant strategies and alternatives, the effect of globalization on the choice of preferred alternatives, the most valid alternative and resolution recommendations, and an example of a successful implementation of the solution. Symptoms of the Problem Natural disasters or any disaster of any kind is hard to manage just for the purpose that these is no real planning for the situation and there is no real way to say who is in charge when a disaster happens. Concerning the oil spill with British Petroleum (BP) symptoms for the situation was that there was a delayed response, the impact on the environment and the citizens, federal regulations were lax, and the recovery efforts were not adequate. According to Griggs (2011), OPA 90 is a federal statute that holds all the responsible parties in containment, clean-up...
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...Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed a suite of commonsense requirements that together will help combat climate change, reduce air pollution that harms public health, and provide greater certainty about Clean Air Act permitting requirements for the oil and natural gas industry. The proposals are part of the agency’s broad-based strategy under the President’s Climate Action Plan to reduce emissions of the potent greenhouse gas methane and smog-forming volatile organic compounds from this rapidly growing industry. The proposal will complement rules the agency issued in 2012 to reduce pollution from the oil and natural gas industry while helping ensure that development of these energy resources is safe and responsible. The World Health Organization defines air pollution as “the presence of material in the air in such concentration which are harmful to man and his environment.” In fact air pollution is the occurrence or addition of foreign particles, gases, and other pollutants into the air which have an adverse effect on human beings, animals, and vegetation. The various causes of air pollution are: combustion of natural gas, coal and wood in industries, automobiles, aircraft, railways, thermal plants, agricultural burning, kitchens, metallurgical processing (mineral dust, fumes containing fluorides, sulphides and metallic pollutants like lead, chromium, nickel, beryllium, arsenic vanadium, cadmium, zinc, mercury), processing industries like cotton textiles...
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...Abstract The fish market is a 20 billion dollar industry and one company has played a major role. Neptune Gourmet Seafood is an 820 million dollar corporation that has just recently invested heavily in technology, allowing their trawlers to move further out to sea to fish and maintain the quality the company has been known for. In doing so, they have found themselves reaching a decision point. Even though they have been going further out to sea, they have been bringing back larger than normal catches and because of this, their warehouse finished goods inventory has become bloated, with twice the normal supply on hand. This paper will address the decision process. In doing so we will define the problem, look at the decision dimensions, provide analysis of the supply and demand drivers as well as elasticities most relevant in the case, look at industry structure and concentration, and look at expectations of equilibriums and game theory as the future plays out. From this we can draw a conclusion and recommendation. Class or Mass Case Study The fish market is a 20 billion dollar industry (Kesner & Walters, 2005, para. 5) and one company has played a major role. Neptune Gourmet Seafood is an 820 million dollar corporation (Kesner & Walters, 2005, para. 5, 9) that has just recently invested heavily in technology, allowing their trawlers to move further out to sea to fish and maintain the quality the company has been known for. In doing so, they have found themselves...
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...Ahmed, R.A. Valmonte-Santos, C. Luna, L. Lachica-Aliño, P. Munro, V. Christensen and D. Pauly (eds.) Assessment, Management and Future Directions for Coastal Fisheries in Asian Countries. WorldFish Center Conference Proceeding 67, 1 120 p. Abstract This paper reviews the coastal fishery resources of Bangladesh emphasizing the coastal environment, capture fisheries and management issues relative to the sector. Bangladesh’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covers an area of about 166 000 km2. This area has abundant natural resources such as fish, shrimps, crabs and other marine products. Shrimp and fish trawling is the most important economic activity in this area. The fishery sector makes a significant contribution to the national economy in terms of foreign exchange, income generation and employment. It is very important in nutrition, especially in providing animal protein. In 1997 - 99, the marine fisheries sector contributed 22% of the total fishery production of 1 373 000 t. However, the resources are being destroyed in many ways. The fisheries resources have declined and fishers are getting poorer. The decline is partly due to estuarine set bag net, push net, and beach seine fishing, which result in recruitment over-fishing. A multiplicity of factors adversely affect the coastal fishery resources of Bangladesh. Various laws, ordinances and acts have been formulated to manage the fisheries resources and to protect the coastal zone environment. Most of the laws have been amended...
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...(Reuters) - With the failure this weekend of BP's "top kill" attempt to plug its leaking Gulf of Mexico oil well, fears are growing that the economic and environmental impact of the nearly six-week-old spill can only spread. Here are some facts about effects of the worst ever U.S. oil spill, triggered by the April 20 explosion of the Deepwater Horizon rig: THE SCALE OF THE CATASTROPHE "This is probably the biggest environmental disaster we have ever faced in this country," top White House energy adviser Carol Browner said on Sunday. "There could be oil coming up 'til August." Browner told CBS's "Face The Nation," "We are prepared for the worst." Louisiana, the nearest state to BP's gushing undersea well that is 42 miles out in the Gulf of Mexico, has been the most impacted by the spill so far. Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal said this week that more than 100 miles of Louisiana's 400-mile coast had so far been impacted by the spilled oil. State officials have reported sheets of oil soiling wetlands and seeping into marine and bird nurseries, leaving a stain of sticky crude on cane that binds the marshes together. Billy Nungesser, president of Plaquemines Parish, saw dying cane and "no life" in parts of Pass-a-Loutre wildlife refuge. "Oil debris", in the form of tar balls and surface "sheen", has also been reported coming ashore since the April 20 accident in outlying parts of coastal Mississippi and Alabama. In the week of May 17, Coast Guard officials found tar balls...
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...BP Paper Rough Draft 11/23/2012 April 20, 2012 British Petroleums drilling vessel Deepwater Horizon suffered an explosion, and then began expelling enormous amounts of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Although many different individuals and organizations attempted to help BP fix their spewing well, it wasn’t until July 15 that the vent was cut off. Through our research we have developed an analysis that examines the cause of the cause of the disaster, the event itself and its aftermath. We would also like to offer our recommendations on the subject. British Petroleum is an international oil company base in London and is one the nations leading oil and gas producer (History of oil spill). In spite of BP’s market share, as a company they have an unfortunate history of safety breeches including a 2005 explosion at oil refinery in Texas (Deep Water dDrilling). These accidents seem to be a cause of weak corporate safety culture and cost leadership (On average, fifty percent of management bonuses were awarded on the basis of cost cutting). The lack of proper safety practice and absence of oversight has ultimately resulted in infrastructure and architectural failure (Deep Water Drilling). As with any disaster, each party involves attempts to prove their innocence and are all too quick to point a finger at a party that must be guiltier than they and the Deepwater Horizon spill is no different. Although BP owned the oil, other companies had considerable interaction with Horizon;...
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...DR . RAM MANOHAR LOHIYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW A project submitted for the research work undertaken in the preparation of research paper on the following topic. TOPIC British petroleum oil spill and its ecological impact on the US economy. SUBJECT ENGLISH SUBMITTED BY : - UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF :- Mrs. ALKA SINGH ROLL NO: SECTION : SEMESTER : Acknowledgement I owe my deepest gratitude to mu supervisor, Mrs. Alka Singh, whose encouragement , guidance and support from the intial to the final level enabled me develop an understanding of the subject and helped in the completion of the project. Lastly , I offer my regards and blessings to al those who supported me in any respect during the completion of the project. Contents * Company background * Facts of Problem under discussion- Deepwater Horizon oil spill (2010) * Efforts to contain the Flow of oil * Permanent Closure by ‘Static Kill’ Operation * Areas affected – * Impact on US economy as a whole * Environment and ecological impact * Fisheries * Tourism * Individual impacts on states * Louisiana * Florida * Alabama * Unaccounted Oil * Commercial Law Suits * Damages paid * Long term effects * Reference Company Background * Name – British Petroleum * Founded- 1909 as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company 1954 as the British Petroleum Company 1998...
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...business and civil society under the impact of globalization. Taking education industries in Australia and Vietnam as examples, the positive and negative impacts are clarified which in turn show the change in power battle. Some definitions firstly are introduced to state that globalization is connecting economies, societies, polities and cultures together and it affects in all aspects. Thanks to it, education has changed vigorously compared to the past, diversified itself to many forms and expanded across border. Basing on the strongly development of globalization, plus the impact of cutting fund from government, many Australia universities view transnational education as a possible solution. Number of offshore campuses grow dramatically in South Asian. The examples show that, offshore campuses bring huge amount of revenue to Australian transnational education providers as well as strengthen Australian economy through tax. In addition, it helps many universities save money thanks to low cost operation in developing countries. Finally, through education, society takes advantage of globalization through brain gain. Meanwhile, Vietnam suffers considerable negative impacts such as brain drain, increasing competition in revenue and controlling the quality of foreign education providers. On theme of power, the relationship between government, business and civil society in Australia has changed significantly thanks to the huge contribution of business. Though government still holds power...
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...Contents 1.0 Introduction 4 2.0 Wave Energy Technologies – Spill Over /Overtopping Devices 5 2.1 Wave Capture Systems 5 2.2 Wave Dragon (Offshore) 6 2.3 Point Absorbers (Near/Offshore) 7 2.4 Oscillating Water Column (Nearshore) 7 2.5 Hinged Contour Devices (Near/Offshore) 8 2.6 Case Study – Pelamis DeviceI 9 2.7 Economic Appraisal 9 2.6 Non Technological Barriers - Environmental Impacts: 13 2.7 Non Technological Barriers - Social Impacts: 16 2.8 Miscellaneous Non Technological Barriers 16 2.9 Technological Barriers that impact the deployment of wave energy 17 3.0 Tidal Stream Technologies 21 3.1 Horizontal Axis Turbines 21 3.2 Vertical Axis Turbines 22 3.3 Reciprocating devices (oscillating hydrofoils) 22 3.4 Venturi Effect Tidal Stream Devices 23 3.5 Economic Appraisal: 24 3.6 Non Technological Barriers – Socio-Economic & Environmental Impacts: 27 3.7 Technological Barriers that impact the deployment of Tidal Stream energy. 29 3.8 Grid Integration: 30 3.8.1 Grid connection charges 30 3.8.2 Connection Charges. 30 3.9 Grid Connection. 30 3.9.1 Technological Barriers for Tidal Stream 31 3.10 Research and Development for future Irish Energy Strategies:. 37 4.0 Summary 41 5.0 Conclusion 41 5.1 Wave Energy: 42 5.2 Tidal Stream: 42 Bibliography 46 1.0 Introduction The aim of this report is to critically review the socio-economic and environmental impacts associated with Ocean...
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...Leah Finmark Bus 513 Proposition Paper Drilling off Shore in the U.S. Introduction There is a lot of conflict today about the United States drilling for oil off shore. Oil is a huge commodity of the entire world and is hugely demanded. However, off shore drilling is hazardous to both the economy and the environment and could potentially get worse. Oil spills are a largely known negative externality that is related with offshore development. There will always be pros and cons about drilling for oil. The big question is: should we or should we not drill off shore? Literature Review One reason we should not drill for oil in the United States is because it is dangerous and could be disastrous to the environment. The recent BP spill in 2010 killed 11 workers and caused months of leakage into the ocean. Per Katherine Goldstein “This oil spill has obtained the dubious distinction of being the worst oil spill in US history.” This spill was caused by an explosion while drilling off shore in the Gulf of Mexico. This caused leaking of about 5,000 barrels of oil a day. To try to stop the leaking, several attempts were made which included controlled burning and plugging the leak, both unsuccessful. This has a huge impact on our ecosystems even though it can take months or possibly years to surface. Louisiana was most impacted by this spill. They are the closest to the leaking well and over 100 miles of the coast had been polluted. Per David Adam “State officials have...
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...Red Drum Fisheries Management of Coastal Florida Danny W. Lyles COMM/215 May 7, 2012 David Mumford Abstract This paper is intended to evaluate the success or failure of the fisheries management regarding Red Drum or Sciaenops ocellatus in the coastal Florida area of the United States. The Red Drum, or the common name “Redfish”, is a popular sport fish among anglers due to its reputation as a formidable adversary, and the value of it on the market for table fare. The advent of blackened recipes from the bayous of the southeast has also increased its popularity. Red Drum Fisheries Management of Coastal Florida The Red Drum inhabits inshore, near shore, and offshore waters throughout the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. The adults spawn in rivers, bayous, and tidal areas and the fry will reside there for up to four years. This species can reach lengths of forty five inches and weigh as much as fifty pounds. Spawning is triggered by cooling waters and a decrease in daylight hours associated with late summer and fall. In 1989, the Red Drum was considered overfished in large part due to the fishing pressure placed on the species by recipes of “Blackened Redfish” introduced in Louisiana Cajun style restaurants and the chef’s that enjoyed success from the new menu item. In an attempt to control and regulate the harvesting of the species, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) instituted a slot limit of eighteen to twenty – seven inches...
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...LIVING COASTAL RESOURCES OF THE ASEAN REGIONAND DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR THEIR MANAGEMENT SIGNIFICANCE OF LIVING COASTAL RESOURCES Living coastal resources are found within major coastal ecosystems consisting of coral reefs, mangroves, seagrass beds, benthic systems, and estuaries or lagoons. Coastal ecosystems, particularly estuaries and inshore marine waters have the highest rate of primary production as compared to terrestrial and oceanic regions. Daily gross production rate in terms of grams of dry organic matter per square metre area for the narrow coastal band ranges from 10 to 25, with all other regions having substantially lower values (2). The coastal band conveniently thought of as the transition area between land and sea, holdsthis great diversity of ecosystems, each characterized by its own unique ecological feature. Conditions here may be harsh with wide fluctuations in temperature and salinity, but because of the abundance of food supply, these areas can and do support a high diversity of species which have become efficiently adapted to the widely fluctuating environmental conditions. These ecosystems remain productive because of tidal action which circulates food and nutrients rapidly and efficiently and at the same time washes away waste materials. They also serve as efficient nutrient traps of the continuous nutrient input washed down from land. Within these ecosystems, the autotrophic and heterotrophic layers are maintained in close contact so that energy transfer...
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