Premium Essay

Old Poor Law Research Paper

Submitted By
Words 1111
Pages 5
The Poor Law relief system was first introduced in 1597 to provide relief for paupers in England and Wales. The Elizabethan Poor Law concerned the impotent poor, the able-bodied poor and children, who were most often sent away on an apprenticeship from the age of seven in order to provide them with good working habits which would hopefully stop them and the generation below them needing to depend on such relief. There were many extensions to the ‘Old Poor Law’ such as the Act of Settlement, Knatchbull Act and the Gilbert’s Act but by 1832 the Royal Commission felt that the Poor Law needed to be drastically reformed due to costs of relief. This is when the 1834 Amendment Act was introduced as a means of cutting expenditure and poverty in Britain …show more content…
It was a local system, administered by an ‘overseer of the poor’ who was responsible for ‘estimating local need, the making of the rates and their collection, the distribution of poor relief and the drawing up of the accounts.’ As Steven King states, ‘there were big regional differences in the Old Poor Law practise according to the relative wealth of regions’ which meant there was no set standard of relief, paupers were provided with what the parish felt was individually appropriate in accordance with the funds they currently had. Relief was often generous, an individual or family on relief commonly had a better standard of living than that of the poorest workers; therefore encouraging laziness and fecklessness. This approach to welfare landed the country in huge amounts of debt; by 1815 Britain’s debt totalled £834 million resulting in the Royal Commission to carry out and produce a Poor Law Report in 1832 which recommended numerous changes, the main being ‘the appointment of a central board to control the administration of the poor-laws’ . As a result of the Report, the Poor Law Amendment Act was produced, otherwise called the New Poor Law. The central body, also known as the Poor Law Commission, immediately saw the amalgamation of individual parishes into some 600 Poor Law Unions run by locally elected Guardians who replaced the overseers of the poor, providing the Poor Law Commission with greater control. I believe this was a huge success for centralisation, the number of Unions in comparison to the number of Parishes dropped significantly and meant the Poor Law Commission could control and gather information on actions of the Unions more easily. In one Union there were multiple parishes and therefore these would have run the same under the Guardian allowing uniformity. However, despite the intentions of the

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Reacher Paper

...do not know what a child bride really is. Child brides are girls forced to marry an old men because of some different reasons when they are still are teenagers.2 This is kind of early marriage causes those child brides isolated with society, suffer from domestic abuse and become dependent on their violent husband.3 It may be shocking that there are 67 million child brides in 2010 and there will be approximately 142,000,000 child brides all around the world after only ten years later.4 More surprisingly, there will be 14 million new child brides every year.5 Now as situation of child brides is becoming worse and worse, this research paper will focus on analyzing three main causes of this pathetic reality. Firstly, some religions that allow existence of child brides can encourage their followers or their followers’ daughters to get married before eighteen. What’s more, developing countries and many rural areas where poverty widely existed contribute a great part to this growing tendency. Last but not least, lack of education also changes those 1 2 3 4 5 A woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle. The Phrase Finder. Web. 9 May 2014. Child marriages: 39 000 every day. World Health Organization. Web. 1 May 2014. Nilanjana Bhowmick. India Criticized For Not Co-Sponsoring U.N. Child-Bride Resolution. Time.com. 18 May, 2014. Child Marriage Facts and Figures. International Center for Research on Women. Web. 20 April 2014. About Child Marriage. Girlsnotbrides....

Words: 2741 - Pages: 11

Premium Essay

Driving Age

...Here author state that is it okay to allow the 17 year old to drive or do we need to rise the driving age to 18? Brain and auto safety experts fear that 16-year-olds, the youngest drivers licensed in most states, are too immature to handle today's cars and roadway risk do not comprehend the implications of rash driving aggressive and reckless behavior than their adult counterparts . Want to experiment new things while driving like speeding up, racing etc. So, I think it is better to allow a 17 year to get the permit but not the licensed until 18 and it is important to give them plenty of time to make them drive in presence of their parents or the persons who holds the valid driving license. Firstly, I believe that the people below 17 years will not mature and they involve in more accidents than the people of 18 + years age. As we see daily in the news paper saying that high school student involved in road accident dies in the crash. The survey says that only 7% people account for driving license of the total population but 14% of them are in involved in fatal accidents , it is because of driving inexperience, lack of driving skills, risk taking , poor driving judgment and decision making, alcohol consumption and excessive driving during high risk hours. Most of the people feel more independent and counts the days to get the driving license but instead of driving carefully and they feel like it is fun and drives recklessly which is more dangerous not only to them but...

Words: 742 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Essay

...Current Health Care Issues Paper Tiara Johnson HCS/545 September 17, 2012 Shawna Butler Current Health Care Issues Paper Introduction Know for its reputation in the field of research and medical technology, the United States give the impression that its health care system has some gold standards or status on the international scale. While thousand of Americans are medical issues that affects the health care arena. These issues have results in a gap in quality of care, allegations of fraud, cultural issues, patient abuse, or neglect. A recent research has show the number of patients victims in the health care arena is considerable such kinds of new laws should be contemplated. Heath system in many countries is influenced by social and economic structure that determines the quality of care provided to each individual. According to Lambert, almost every poll showed that a majority of American are insured and appear to be happy with their health insurance to a large extent, “The bill still passed”. This paper analyzes how quality of care is affected by organizational, culture, structure, governance, and social responsibility. Health news situation Brook Dale hospital, a hospital located in Brooklyn, New York, has been the subject of media scandal in November 2007. The scandal began when a hold man, black, 70 years old came to the emergency room alone for a pathology dominated by: dull pain near the navel or the upper abdomen (right ileac fossa), loss of appetite...

Words: 1414 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Essay On Plagiarism

...Plagiarism is one of the biggest problems in academics today. Plagiarism can be described as the act of borrowing and copying someone’s else words as one’s own without crediting the source. There is also the issue of self-plagiarism that occurs when a person attempts to get credit for work that they had previously published without stating that he or she had already received credit for the same work. Notably, the most common causes of plagiarism include, time management, incorrect paraphrasing and poor note taking when doing the research. The consequences of plagiarism can be personal, ethical, legal or professional. To avoid plagiarism, the paper should include the in-text citations and the bibliography. Citing and referencing one’s work ensures that the writer credits the source of the work he or she used in the paper, thus avoiding plagiarism. Evidently, people need to understand that plagiarism is a grave issue that needs to be looked into seriously. Writers should be careful not to copy another person’s work without crediting...

Words: 1844 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Pwora

...Peter Goldmark, offered his thoughts regarding social welfare programs. “Welfare”, he said, “is hated by those who administer it, mistrusted by those who pay for it and held in contempt by those that recieve it.” Goldmark was certainly not alone in his assessment of social welfare programs. Indeed while the notion of using public funds to help the destitue get back on their feet in a noble concept for left-leaning idealists, in practical application, it has generated more controversy from both sides of the American political aisle than it has addressed poverty in America. This contorvery has become more heated in light of the two recessions and the housing collapse of late 2009. For this research paper, I will be going the history of Welfare in America. The purpose of this research paper is to look at how and why welfare became a policy and how it has changed since its inception. The sources that I have used are from published literature. In conclusion, the reader will have better knowledge on welfare, the history and changes. I first became interested in the subject of Welfare after working for the Ohio Department of Jobs and Family services; where I met with families and processed their eligibilty for: Food Stamps, Ohio Works First (cash assistence) and Medicaid. Unfortuanlty, durning my training as a case worker no history was given, I did not know that AFDC (aid for dependent children) had become TANF (Temporary Aid For Needy Familes). Looking at the names I wanted...

Words: 1989 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

17th Century Witchcraft Craze

...signifies a type of genocide; one that focuses on gender rather than on a religious or ethnic group. In Reformation Europe, women were overwhelmingly tried as witches. In France and Germany, more than eighty percent of those executed as witches and in England, ninety two percent of those executed for witchcraft were women and in Russia, approximately ninety five percent were also put to death (Trevor 214). The practice of witch hunts subsided by late seventeenth century and by early eighteenth century, witchcraft trials were rare. The causes for the decline of witch hunts are numerous and complex. This paper will attempt to analyze the witch craze phenomenon concentrating on several questions: why did women suffer the majority of the executions? Why did the witch craze end in the seventeenth century? Why was there a sudden increased attention to black magic, and witchcraft? The paper will also analyze the social, political, institutional, and philosophical factors which may have driven the period of witch hunts to its end. Discussion What was the witchcraft craze and why did it occur? All through history, there have always been cases of conjures, cunning folk, sorcerers and witches. Normally...

Words: 2946 - Pages: 12

Free Essay

Mother

...important reasons for low school enrolment in Bangladesh. An important effect of child labor is on demographic development in a country. It is generally found that poor countries with high rates of population growth have higher incidence of child work. In this study, the actual child laborers in Bangladesh are 3.2 million (ILO, report/ BBS, 2006) which age is 5-17years. About 421000 are domestic workers. The children are bound to do hazardous toils because of poverty. More than 1.3 million children work in hazardous situation. The Bangladeshi children deprived every winding of social and international aspects such as in trafficking, industrial works, household labors, early marriage, biri factory, forcedly prostitution, begging, less wages, helping in the vehicle etc. though the government of Bangladesh has taken many initiatives to prevent child labor and violation of child rights. But the achievement is not satisfactory, in this connection much phenomena are concerned; poverty is one of them. So, government, NGOs and public should take proper step to impoverish the vulnerable people, awareness buildings, enforcement of laws.  The number of child laborers and victims of various disparities is quite alarming for our future generation.  1.1.  Background of the study Bangladesh is overpopulated country. Most of the people are poor. Many people migrating to cities in search of jobs. They live extreme poverty and the positions of their...

Words: 7822 - Pages: 32

Free Essay

Product Duplication

...compared to those sold in leading grocery stores and malls. Since many people prefer buying goods from the public markets, the number of people who wants to sell their goods there is also high. In this regard, laws and some literature where written to help improve the schemes in public markets. In some areas in Metro Manila like Marikina, there are laws that were made to prohibit people from buying from sidewalk vendors as per Ordinance No. 201, Series of 1993. As a whole, we also have laws that were implemented to systematize the arrangement of stalls (Senate Bill No. 1319, Chapter 4 Section3). In relation to the laws found in the archive of Marikina City, we decided to make a research about the selling of goods “informally” or “illegally” outside public markets, also known as product duplication. Hence, this study will focus on how duplication of goods occurs in public markets. At the end of this study, the researchers aim to be able to know if product duplication really happens widely in the country, particularly in Metro Manila and its vicinity. Then, to be able to find out the extent of duplication and the kinds of goods duplicated and finally to be able to compare the prices of duplicated goods from the prices of goods inside the market. Moreover, this research aims to serve as an aid to legislation, from the...

Words: 3518 - Pages: 15

Premium Essay

Should the Minimum Age of Responsibility Be Raised

...but at what age does this no longer apply? At what age is a boy expected to take on the responsibilities of a man? The Children and Young Persons Act 1963 (s.16) provides that ‘It shall be conclusively presumed that no child under the age of ten years can be guilty of an offence’. This means that once a child in the UK reaches the age of ten they are as exposed and liable to the full weight of the law the same as any adult. The UK currently has the lowest minimum age of criminal responsibility (except Scotland at 8 but cannot be prosecuted until 12) within the European Union. This places the UK significantly below the average of 14 years old. There seems to be little justification for this deviance from the norm in regards to the minimum age of responsibility in the UK and there have been considerable publications pushing for the UK to raise the minimum age of criminal responsibility in the last decade, providing substantial evidence in favour of doing so. The evidence supporting the need to raise this minimum age can be found not only in psychology and scientific research regarding the brain development of youth and autonomy of children at this age, but also the severe social implications of criminalizing our youth. In order to argue that the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) should be raised it will be necessary to identify and evaluate this evidence, as well as identifying the issues that having a low MACR brings. This essay will first review the history of...

Words: 4575 - Pages: 19

Premium Essay

Prostitution in the 18th Century

...Why 18th Century Women Sought out Freedom through Prostitution Michelle E. Raines Lindenwood University Abstract This paper reconnoiters the reasoning behind prostitution, focusing mainly on the motives of an 18th century woman. The goal of this research is to provide readers with an explanation of why women resorted to prostitution for freedom. The paper will arrange for you primary sources supporting that prostitution plateaued because of lack of expression, racism, and feminism during the 18th century. The business of prostitution was so important to our society because it allowed women to join the workforce. Unfair treatment spawned one of the greatest highlights of women in this era that this paper will display for you. Why 18th Century Women Sought out Freedom through Prostitution Prostitution is recorded as beginning in 1721 when the French government sent women to the colony so the settled men would refrain from having sex with the Native Americans. These women had found that sex trade created them more freedom/independence instead of marriage. Soon after, the red-light district was formed to segregate the prostitutes. The act of selling sex was not illegal in the US and the law had not known the term “prostitution”. The law had no understanding of what to do, women were still social outcasts and officials looked for petty crimes to target these certain women. So we ask why these women turned to prostitution; freedom was sought through sexual acts due to the...

Words: 2061 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Development of Health in Bangladesh

...RESEARCH PAPER ON DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH IN BANGLADESH Introduction: Bangladesh is a developing country with a population of 152,518,015 (approx.) Since our war of independence we have face numerous amount of health and nutrition issues in our country. Although Bangladesh has seen impressive progress in health and nutrition in the last few decades. Despite still low social indicators and continuing prevalence of poverty (40% of the population lives below the poverty line), the health sector in Bangladesh has shown impressive progress. We improved in sectors such as pharmaceuticals, increasing number of doctors, increasing number of hospitals and medical colleges. ICDDR’B etc. The government of Bangladesh has shown policy continuity and commitment to improving health conditions, placing particular emphasis on improving the health conditions of its citizens and targeting the poor, women and children. Where as many of the problems still remains unsolved. The ministry of health and family planning is responsible for the health service of the country should take necessary steps to solve those problems. Objective: The main objective of this whole research is to evaluate the health condition of Bangladesh. From 1971 to 2013 health condition of Bangladesh has radically changed. We are here to present that the number of health centers, hospitals, medicals colleges and other institutions related to health development of our country. We have also seen numerous amount of development...

Words: 6443 - Pages: 26

Free Essay

Comparative Religion

...women in the Gospel of Luke Name: Instructor Affiliated Institution Paper: Date The image of women in the Gospel of Luke Abstract Many studies have been carried out show the image given to women in the traditional context. These studies show that a woman was inferior to the man who made her perform inferior tasks such as cooking and giving birth. Studies have also been carried out to show the image of women in the New Testament. Luke is one of the gospels that show the clear intention of Jesus mission on women than any other gospel. This research seeks to discuss some of the images that Luke gives to women in the society. The first part of the paper gives a brief introduction to the topic and defines some of the terms the reader will often encounter. The second part analyzes some of the images given to women in the Gospel of Luke. Finally, the third part compares the nature of women in the Gospel of Luke and their nature in the Old Testament. Data for this paper was collected from peer-reviewed journal articles and the Gospel of Luke. Table of Contents Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Definition of terms 3 The image of women in the Gospel of St. Luke 3 Introduction 3 Women as the chosen ones 4 Women as witnesses of the ministry of Jesus 4 Women as examples of faith 5 Women as good examples in Jesus teachings 6 Women as part of the mission of Jesus 7 A comparison of the image of women in ST.LUKE and in the Old Testament 8 Conclusion 9 References 10 Introduction The image...

Words: 3099 - Pages: 13

Premium Essay

Eng215

...Lowery Strayer University ENG 215 February 1, 2015 Minors Tried as Adults The topic chosen for further research is should the minors who commit crime be tried as adults? The topic is interesting and current, and affect our society every day. A fourteen years old commits a crime, depending on the seriousness of the offence, that child should be tried as an adult. People need to be responsible for their actions. Youths who commit crimes is grown enough to do the crime, so they are grown enough to take the responsibility for their actions. It is unfair, not only to adults, but also to society, to be punished for having minors commit crimes and get away with it. If child want to start acting like adults, they should be treated as one. This paper will discuss the fact that minors who commit crimes should be punished the same way as adults. We see on the news how often minors who have committed horrible crimes are given leniency because of their age. The action of the minors today will affect our future, and if our society, schools, courts, justice system allow anyone, no matter of the age to get away with criminal activity, then the same crimes will be repeated over and over again. There are different crimes, a different people and different intention for committing crimes. Minors needed to be protected by laws, changes, and sentenced accordingly, but, also they need to be punished by the same reasons. Before the Progressive Era, kids who...

Words: 1621 - Pages: 7

Free Essay

Article Review

...1. Abstract This paper provide an overview perservation and conversation in archive. Preservation and conservation are two related concepts that are used interchangeably by people outside the archives. Digital preservation builds on a base level of disaster recovery, extending the scope of concern into the distant future. Digital preservation goes beyond addressing problems with restoring data to its current state to creating processes and infrastructure capable of carrying data forward hundreds of years, assuming that any formats, media, and equipment in place today will be obsolete and unsupported. It is usually impposible to identify the current owners of the copyright in archival materials. Other than that, any material or records that are sent and received by an individual or government agency. Fluctuations are more damaging than high temperature and humidity. The material is exposed to light can damage the archive materials. The electronic security devices such as the CCTV camera, electronics gates system, fire protection devices should be provided by the relevant authorities. To control safe storage and provide for future rendering of the digital documents, extra functionality was needed. Archiving policies and the required sets of metadata and file types to be archived are difficult to generalize because individual archives have different historical and cultural backgrounds, which means the requirements for the archiving system are quite different. ...

Words: 2251 - Pages: 10

Premium Essay

Labour

...25 Updated December 2009 Strengthening Democracy and Democratic Institutions in Pakistan UNDERSTANDING LABOUR ISSUES IN PAKISTAN PILDAT is an independent, non-partisan and not-for-profit indigenous research and training institution with the mission to strengthen democracy and democratic institutions in Pakistan. PILDAT is a registered non-profit entity under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860, Pakistan. ©Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development And Transparency - PILDAT All rights Reserved Revised Edition: December 2009 First Published: June 2005 Second Published: November 2006 ISBN: 978-969-558-147-6 978-969-558-021-1 978-969-558-021-9 Any part of this publication can be used or cited with a clear reference of this publication and PILDAT Published by Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development And Transparency No. 7, 9th Avenue, F-8/1, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: (+92-51) 111-123-345; Fax: (+92-51) 226-3078 E-mail: info@pildat.org; URL: www.pildat.org P I L D AT BRIEFING PAPER FOR PARLIAMENTARIANS UNDERSTANDING LABOUR ISSUES IN PAKISTAN CONTENTS Foreword Profile of the Author Overview Labour in the Informal Economy Wages and Workers Finance Bill 2006 and Anti Labour Legislation Finance Bill 2008 and Labour Legislation Industrial Relations Act 2008 Strengths Weaknesses State of Trade Unionism in Pakistan Impact of globalization and economic growth on labour in Pakistan State Institutions State Tripartite Institutional Arrangements Pakistan Tripartite Labour...

Words: 10640 - Pages: 43