Premium Essay

Oper

In:

Submitted By Kicidecire
Words 1108
Pages 5
Operant Conditioning Paper
PSY/390

Operant Conditioning
Operant conditioning is a learning process that involves behavior to be controlled by negative or positive consequences and happens with rewards or punishments. With operant conditioning we see how certain consequences have a relationship with our behaviors. B.F. Skinner believed that we should not look at the way we think or the things that motivate us to understand behavior, he believed that we had to look and pay attention to those external things that we were able to observe to understand behavior. In operant conditioning there is positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. A positive reinforcement happens when a behavior is strengthened because of a positive condition. A negative reinforcement happens with a behavior is strengthened because of something stopping to avoid a negative condition.
Positive and Negative Reinforcement
Positive reinforcement is reinforcing a certain stimulus so that a behavior has a higher chance of being repeated again in the future. When a positive outcome happens after a certain behavior the behavior is more than likely going to happen again in the future; this is also if there is a reward after the behavior it strengthens the behavior and makes and gives it a chance of happening again. When we think about positive reinforcement we can think about something good being added to a behavior. An example of positive reinforcement is when you do something good and someone compliments you and say “good job. An example of positive reinforcement with a reward is you doing a great job at your work place and your boss gives you a bonus.
Negative reinforcement is a response to a behavior that strengthens something by making it come to s stop, so with a negative reinforcement there is a better chance that a behavior will not happen again in the future. An aversive stimuli

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Oper

...MC DONALDS CASE:LOCATION AND LAYING OUT OF FAST FOOD BUSINESS: Centroid Method: Outlets | No of burgers sold per month | Himayat Nagar | 1000 | Secunderabad | 2000 | Ameerpet | 2500 | Coordinates of stores: Himayat nagar(600,200) Secunderabad(800,900) Ameerpet(200,600) The centriod point: X coordinate: 600*1000+800*2000+200*2500/1000+2000+2500=490.9 Y coordinate: 200*1000+900*2000+600*2500/1000+2000+2500=636.36 Now from the cost point of view: Suppose total requirement is 5500 burgers: LOCATION | FIXED COST/YEAR | VARIABLE COST/Unit | Total Cost | Banjara Hills | 250000 | 100 | 800000 | Himayat Nagar | 100000 | 300 | 1750000 | Mehndipatanam | 150000 | 200 | 1250000 | Secunderabad | 200000 | 400 | 2400000 | From point of view of cost Banjara Hills is suitable. TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM: 1. By Northwest Corner Method: In this method we will fulfill the demand starting from north and will proceed to south. BLUE= Demand Fulfilled or units supplied. BLACK= Cost of / unit transportation. Therefore, total cost of transportation using Northwest Method: = 80*4+20*7+70*3+120*8+10*8+150*5 =2460  FROM | TO | HiamayatNagar | | Secunderabad | | Ameerpet | Supply | Banjara Hills | 80 | 4 | | 12 | | 8 | 80 | Secunderabad | 20 | 7 | 70 | 3 | | 10 | 90 | Mehndipattanam | | 7 | 120 | 8 | | 16 | 120 | HimayatNagar | | 1 | 10 | 8 | 150 | 5 |...

Words: 683 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Oper Management Seminar

...Jenna Campbell Unit 2 Seminar MT435- Operations Management February 16, 2012 * Discuss what makes a good design and how to measure design quality. * Describe the basic aspects of statistical process control * Explain what design quality refers to and discuss some of the tools and techniques for improving the design process Any design has a large impact on the quality of a service or product. Any product that is poorly designed may not meet customer needs or may be so difficult to make that the quality of the product is not very good. Designs that are costly can result in over priced products that lost market share. If a design process takes too long, a competitor can end up capturing the market by being the first to introduce the new products, services, or features. However, entering into the market prematurely can result in poor performance. Design may be an art, but any design process must be managed effectively (Russell and Taylor, 2011, P. 158). There are few processes that create an effective design. The first is to make sure the design matches product or service characteristics with customer requirements. Next, to make sure that the design ensures that customer requirements are met in the simplest and least costly manner. Thirdly, make sure that the design reduces the time required to design a new product or service. Finally, the design should minimize the revisions necessary to make a design workable (Russell and Taylor, 2011, P. 158). When beginning...

Words: 353 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Programming

...customers takes 1 brochure. Clock 795.04 Block counts Number Adr. 1 2 Oper. Current GENERA TERMIN Total 80 80 -------------------------------------------------------------Run nr 2 Clock 756.04 Block counts Number Adr. 1 2 Oper. Current GENERA TERMIN Total 80 80 2) Extended program listing Block no. *Adr. 1 2 Operation A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H SIMULATE 2 GENERATE 10,5 TERMINATE 2 START END ! Comments Polina Sasinovich 80 Line no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Line 3: customers arrive at an exhibition every 10 minutes on average with a standart deviation of 5 minutes. Line 4: one customers takes 2 brochures. Clock 395.85 Block counts Number Adr. 1 2 Oper. Current GENERA TERMIN Total 40 40 -------------------------------------------------------------Run nr 2 Clock 374.21 Block counts Number Adr. 1 2 Oper. Current GENERA TERMIN Total 40 40 3) Extended program listing Block no. *Adr. 1 2 Operation A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H SIMULATE 2 GENERATE 10,5 TERMINATE 2 START END Clock ! Comments Polina Sasinovich 79 Line no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 395.85 Block counts Number Adr. 1 2 Oper. Current GENERA TERMIN Total 40 40 -------------------------------------------------------------Run nr 2 Clock 374.21 Block counts Number Adr. 1 2 Oper. Current GENERA TERMIN Total 40 40 After reducing the quantity of brochures...

Words: 835 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Corporate Valuation

... What is the value of operations as of 12/31/2010? d. What is the total value of the company as of 12/31/2010? e. What is the intrinsic price per 13-10 A) Free cash flow = NOPAT NOPAT = EBIT x (1-tax rate) =108.6 x (1- 0.4) = 65.16 million Operating Capital NOWC= (5.6 + 56.2 + 112.4) – (11.2 + 28.1) = 134.9 million Total operating cash = NOWC + Net Plant and Equip = 134.9+397.5=532.4 Million Investment in capital= change in operating capital 532.4-502.2 = 30.2 million Free cash flow 65.16-30.2 = $34.96 million B) FCF in 2012 = 34.96 x 1.06 = 37.0576 Horizon Value = 37.0576/ (11%-6%) = $741.152 Million C) Value of oper 2011 FCF+ horizon value 34.96 + 741.152 =109.112 Value of oper 2010 109.112/1.11 = $699.20 million D) Company Value = Value of Oper + marketable securities 699.20+49.9 = $749.10 million E) Value of Equity = Value of company – debt – preferred stock 749.10 – (69.9 + 140.8) – 35.0 = 503.4 million Price Per Share 503.4 / number of shares 503.4/10 =...

Words: 285 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Intermediate Accounting

...Check Figures to accompany INTERMEDIATE ACCOUNTING Seventh Edition Spiceland, Sepe and Nelson Chapter 1 BE 1-1 Net income, $208,000 BE 1-2 1. Liabilities BE 1-3 2. The economic entity assumption BE 1-4 1.The matching principle BE 1-5 3. Disagree, matching principle E1-1 Req. 1, Net operating cash flow, Yr. 2, $50,000 Req. 2, Net income, Year 1, $25,000 E1-2 Req. 1, Net income, Year 2, $190,000 E1-5 3. Auditors E1-6 5. Comprehensive income E1-7 8. f E1-8 4. Timeliness E1-9 7. b E1-10 6. The going concern assumption E1-11 2. The periodicity assumption E1-12 1. Disagree, Monetary unit assumption E1-13 4. Agree, Matching principle E1-14 3. g. Matching principle Chapter 2 BE 2-1 4. –180,000, accounts receivable BE 2-2 2. Dr. Salaries expense, $40,000 BE 2-3 Accounts payable balance, $42,000 BE 2-4 2. Dr. Note receivable, $10,000 BE 2-5 1. Dr. Insurance expense, $3,000 BE 2-7 2. Cr. Prepaid advertising, $1,000 BE 2-9 Total operating expenses, $107,000 BE 2-10 Total assets, $91,000 BE 2-11 Cr. Retained earnings, $35,000 BE 2-12 Net income, $143,000 E2-1 6. + $6,000, Prepaid insurance E2-2 3. Dr. Inventory, $90,000 E2-3 Total debits, $471,000 E2-4 2. Cr. Cash, $40,000 E2-5 6. b E2-6 9. I E2-8 4. Dr. Interest expense, $4,000 E2-9 6. Cr. Supplies, $5,250 E2-11 Net income, $101,000 E2-12 Cr. Retained earnings, $177,000 E2-13 Cr. Retained earnings, $66,000 E2-14 Req. 3, Accrued wages, $15,000 ...

Words: 7295 - Pages: 30

Premium Essay

Intermediate Acounting

...Check Figures to accompany INTEMEDIATE ACCOUNTING Fifth Edition Spiceland, Sepe, Nelson, and Tomassini Chapter 1 BE 1-1 Net income, $208,000 BE 1-2 b. AICPA BE 1-3 2. Assets BE 1-4 4. Matching principle BE 1-5 3. Economic entity assumption BE 1-6 3. Disagree, Matching principle E1-1 Req. 1, Net operating cash flow, Yr. 2, $50,000 Req. 2, Net income, Year 1, $25,000 E1-2 Req. 1, Net income, Year 2, $190,000 E1-3 2. a, d, and g E1-4 3.f E1-5 3. Auditors E1-6 5. Comprehensive income E1-7 8. f E1-8 4. Timeliness E1-9 7. b E1-10 6. The going concern assumption E1-11 2. The periodicity assumption E1-12 1. Disagree, Monetary unit assumption E1-13 4. Agree, Matching principle E1-14 3. g. Matching principle Chapter 2 BE 2-1 4. –180,000, accounts receivable BE 2-2 2. Dr. Salaries expense, $40,000 BE 2-3 Accounts payable balance, $42,000 BE 2-4 2. Dr. Note receivable, $10,000 BE 2-5 1. Dr. Insurance expense, $3,000 BE 2-7 2. Cr. Prepaid advertising, $1,000 BE 2-9 Total operating expenses, $107,000 BE 2-10 Total assets, $91,000 BE 2-11 Cr. Retained earnings, $35,000 BE 2-12 Net income, $143,000 E2-1 6. + $6,000, Prepaid insurance E2-2 3. Dr. Inventory, $90,000 E2-3 Total debits, $471,000 E2-4 2. Cr. Cash, $40,000 E2-5 6. b E2-6 9. I E2-8 5. Dr. Interest expense, $4,000 E2-9 6. Cr. Supplies, $5,250 E2-11 Net income, $101,000; Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity, $711,000 E2-12 Cr. Retained...

Words: 6851 - Pages: 28

Free Essay

Cash Flow

...Chapter 12 Cash Flow Estimation and Risk Analysis LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, students should be able to: • Discuss difficulties and relevant considerations in estimating net cash flows, and explain the four major ways that project cash flow differs from accounting income. • Define the following terms: relevant cash flow, incremental cash flow, sunk cost, opportunity cost, externalities, and cannibalization. • Identify the three categories to which incremental cash flows can be classified. • Analyze an expansion project and make a decision whether the project should be accepted on the basis of standard capital budgeting techniques. • Explain three reasons why corporate risk is important even if a firm’s stockholders are well diversified. • Identify two reasons why stand-alone risk is important. • Demonstrate sensitivity and scenario analyses and explain Monte Carlo simulation. • Discuss the two methods used to incorporate risk into capital budgeting decisions. • List four different types of embedded real options, explain what a decision tree is, and provide an example of one. • List the steps a firm goes through when establishing its optimal capital budget in practice. LECTURE SUGGESTIONS This chapter develops procedures for estimating and identifying relevant cash flows, discusses techniques used to measure and take account of project risk, introduces the concept of real options, and discusses general...

Words: 9165 - Pages: 37

Premium Essay

Time Table

...Stage-8 Day/Time 8:30 AM- 10:00AM BC-I (R-18) 10:00 AM-11:30 AM English-I (R-9) 11:30 AM- 1:00 PM1:00 PM- 2:30 PM 2:30 PM -4:00 PM Fundamental of Acc. (R-9) Mkt. Management (R-18) Mang. Accounting (R-18) FSA (R-16)/Advertising (R-7) Tue Stage-1 Stage-3 Stage-5 HRM (R-16) Stage-7 Economy of Pakistan (R-7) Stage-8 Day/Time HR & Leadership (R-16) FSA (R-16)/Advertising (R-7) istory of Pakistan (R-9) H / Final Year Project-1(R9) FSA (R-16)/Advertising (R-7) 8:30 AM- 10:00AM Islamic Studies (R-9) 10:00 AM-11:30 AM 11:30 AM- 1:00 PM1:00 PM- 2:30 PM 2:30 PM -4:00 PM Sociology (R-9) Wed Stage-1 Stage-3 Stage-5 Oper. Management (R-16) IMC (R-16)/ HR & Leadership (R-18) SeminaR Consumer Behavior (R-16) Stage-7 Stage-8 History of Pakistan (R-7) IMC (R-16)/ HR & Leadership (R-18) Oper. Management (R-7) IMC (R-16)/ HR & Leadership (R-18) roject Management (RP 16) Day/Time 8:30 AM- 10:00AM Statistical Infrence (R-18) 10:00 AM-11:30 AM 11:30 AM- 1:00 PM1:00 PM- 2:30 PM 2:30 PM -4:00 PM Fundamental of Management (R-18) Consumer Behavior (R-16) FSA (R-16)/Advertising (R-7) Strategic Management (R-16) FSA (R-16)/Advertising (R-7) FSA (R-16)/Advertising (R-7) Stage-1 Stage-3 Thur Stage-5 Stage-7 Stage-8 Day/Time...

Words: 581 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Corporate Valuation - Managerial Accounting F5150

...PROJECT 13-10 F5150N Managerial Accounting Corporate Valuation The financial statements of Lioi Steel Fabricators are shown below—both the actual results for 2010 and the projections for 2011. Free cash flow is expected to grow at a 6% rate after 2011. The weighted average cost of capital is 11%. a. If operating capital as of 12/31/2010 is $502.2 million, what is the free cash flow for 12/31/2011? b. What is the horizon value as of 12/31/2011? c. What is the value of operations as of 12/31/2010? d. What is the total value of the company as of 12/31/2010? e. What is the intrinsic price per share for 12/31/2010? Income Statements for the Year Ending December 31 (Millions of Dollars Except for Per Share Data) Actual 2010 Projected 2011 Net sales 500.00 530.00 after 2011 Costs (except depreciation) 360.00 381.60 FCF g rate 6% Depreciation     37.5     39.8 WACC 11%    Total operating costs 397.50 421.40 EBIT 102.50 108.60    Less interest 13.90 16.00 Earnings before taxes 88.60 92.60    Taxes (40%) 35.40 37.00 Net income before preferred dividends 53.20 55.60    Preferred dividends 6 7.4 N I available for common dividends 47.20 48.20 Common dividends 40.80 29.70 Addition to retained earnings 6.4 18.5 Number of shares 10 10 Dividends per share 4.08 2.97 Balance Sheets for December 31 (Millions of Dollars) Actual 2010 Projected 2011 ...

Words: 552 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Ccnp

...Login: student Password: Login: student Password: This simulation software is the property of Alcatel. It may not be sold, leased, loaned or licensed to any non-Alcatel entity. Your session starts at 09:00 and ends at 11:00 *A:MPLSv2_R4# show router stat static-arp static-route status *A:MPLSv2_R4# show router stat static-arp static-route status *A:MPLSv2_R4# show router stat ^ Error: Ambiguous command *A:MPLSv2_R4# show router status =============================================================================== Router Status (Router: Base) =============================================================================== Admin State Oper State ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Router Up Up OSPFv2-0 Up Up RIP Not configured Not configured ISIS Not configured Not configured MPLS Not configured Not configured RSVP Not configured Not configured LDP Not configured Not configured BGP Not configured Not configured IGMP Not configured Not configured ...

Words: 910 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Chapter 3

...CHAPTER 3 BA II Plus 2nd . 9 Enter Financial Statements, Cash Flow, and Taxes Balance sheet Income statement Accounting income vs. cash flow MVA and EVA Federal tax system The Annual Report Balance sheet – provides a snapshot of a firm’s financial position at one point in time. Income statement – summarizes a firm’s revenues and expenses over a given period of time. Statement of retained earnings – shows how much of the firm’s earnings were retained, rather than paid out as dividends. Statement of cash flows – reports the impact of a firm’s activities on cash flows over a given period of time. Balance Sheet: Assets 2013 2012 Cash 7,282 57,600 Accounts Receivable 632,160 351,200 Inventories 1,287,360 715,200 Total Current Assets 1,926,802 1,124,000 Gross Fixed Assets 1,202,360 491,000 Less: Depreciation 263,160 146,200 Net Fixed Assets 939,790 344,800 Total Assets 2,866,592 1,468,800 Liabilities and Equity 2013 2012 Accts payable 544,160 145,600 Notes payable 636,808 200,000 Accruals 489,600 136,000 Total Current Liabilities 1,650,568 481,600 Long-term debt ...

Words: 1593 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Differential Cash Flows

...format in calculating the differential cash flows is identical to the format used when for new project analysis (the project did not involve replacement). Change in Revenues Less: Change in Non-depreciation expenses Less: Change in Depreciation Equals: Change in taxable income Less: Change in taxes Equals: Project Net Income Add: Change in Depreciation Equals: Differential After Tax Cash Flow For the example problem this is: Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Change in revenue $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 Plus: Decrease in non-dep oper costs $1,500 $1,500 $1,500 Less: Change in depreciation -$1,250 -$2,210 -$1,170 Equals: Change in Taxable Income $1,250 $290 $1,330 Less: Change in Taxes -$500 -$116 -$532 Equals: Project Net Income $750 $174 $798 Addback: Change in Depreciation $1,250 $2,210 $1,170 Equals: After-tax Cash Flow $2,000 $2,384 $1,968 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Change in revenue $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 Plus: Decrease in non-dep oper costs $1,500 $1,500 $1,500 Less: Change in depreciation -$610 -$530 -$130 Equals: Change in Taxable Income $1,890 $1,970 $2,370 Less: Change in Taxes -$156 -$788 -$948 Equals: Project Net Income $1,134 $1,182 $1,422 Addback: Change in Depreciation $610 $530 $130 Equals: After-tax Cash Flow $1,744 $1,712 $1,552 Calculation of Change in Depreciation The depreciation on the new machine is determined by the...

Words: 416 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Sagar

...756 HORTICULTURE 762 FABRIC STUDY 774 PRINTED TEXTILE 778 OP&MNT.OF COMM DEV 789 Monday,09th March, 2015 10:30 AM PHYSICS 042 MARKETING 613 STORE ACCOUNTING 618 CASH MGMT & H-KEEP 619 AC & REFRGTN-III 632 VEGETABLE CULTURE 642 B THERAPY&HAIR DES 654 OPTICS 658 CLNCL BIO-CHE(MLT) 661 FUND OF NURSING II 663 RADIOGRAPHY-GENL 667 MEAL PLNG & SERVIC 676 TEXTILE SCIENCE 684 INDIA-TOURIST DEST 693 I T SYSTEM 699 PRIN &PRA-LIFE INS 705 INT TO FINANCL MKT 723 C HEALTH NURSING 731 BAKERY 751 GARMENT CONSTRCTN 776 TRAD.INDIAN TEXTLE 777 ELECTICAL MACHINE 787 Tuesday,10th March, 2015 10:30 AM HISTORY 027 BIOTECHNOLOGY 045 ENGG. GRAPHICS 046 LAB MEDICINES(MLT) 660 RETAIL SERVICES 744 LGSTCS,OPER&SUP CH 750 BUS.OPERTN & ADMN 766DATE-SHEET SENIOR SCHOOL EXAMINATION,2015 PAGE => 2 DAY,DATE AND TIME SUBJECT NAME AND SUB-CODE Tuesday,10th March,2015 10:30 AM MARKETING 783 Thursday,12th March, 2015 10:30 AM CHEMISTRY 043 LENDING OPERATIONS 620 APPLIED PHYSICS 625 FLORICULTURE 643 COSMETIC CHEMISTRY 655 BIOLOGY-OPTHALMIC 657 COMM.HEALTH NUR II 664 RADIATION PHYSICS 666 DESG & PAT MAKING 685 DYEING & PRINTING 688 TRAVEL TRADE MGMT 694 BUSINESS DATA PROC 700 COMPUTER& LIFE I A 706 TPT. SYSTEMS &MGMT 712 B P O SKILLS 724 FOOD& BEV C & CNTL 737 HOLISTIC HEALTH 746 FLORICULTURE 765 COST ACCOUNTING 781 Friday,13th March, 2015 10:30 AM DANCE-KATHAK 056 DANCE-BHARATNATYAM...

Words: 787 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Multiple Criteria Decision Making

...INFORMS Multiple Criteria Decision Making, Multiattribute Utility Theory: Recent Accomplishments and What Lies Ahead Author(s): Jyrki Wallenius, Peter C. Fishburn, Stanley Zionts, James S. Dyer, Ralph E. Steuer and Kalyanmoy Deb Source: Management Science, Vol. 54, No. 7 (Jul., 2008), pp. 1336-1349 Published by: INFORMS Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20122479 Accessed: 15-10-2015 13:28 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. INFORMS is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Management Science. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 130.243.57.230 on Thu, 15 Oct 2015 13:28:04 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions SCIENCE MANAGEMENT WjEE. Vol. 54, No. 7, July 2008, 1336-1349 pp. DOI io.l287/nmsc.l070.0838 ISSN 0025-19091EISSN1526-55011081540711336@2008 INFORMS Criteria Decision Making, Multiattribute Multiple Utility Theory: Recent Accomplishments and What Lies Ahead School Helsinki Jyrki Wallenius of...

Words: 11852 - Pages: 48

Premium Essay

Financial Statements, Cash Flow, and Taxes

...CHAPTER 3 BA II Plus 2nd . 9 Enter Financial Statements, Cash Flow, and Taxes Balance sheet Income statement Accounting income vs. cash flow MVA and EVA Federal tax system The Annual Report Balance sheet – provides a snapshot of a firm’s financial position at one point in time. Income statement – summarizes a firm’s revenues and expenses over a given period of time. Statement of retained earnings – shows how much of the firm’s earnings were retained, rather than paid out as dividends. Statement of cash flows – reports the impact of a firm’s activities on cash flows over a given period of time. Balance Sheet: Assets 2014 2013 Cash 7,282 57,600 Accounts Receivable 632,160 351,200 Inventories 1,287,360 715,200 Total Current Assets 1,926,802 1,124,000 Gross Fixed Assets 1,202,360 491,000 Less: Depreciation 263,160 146,200 Net Fixed Assets 939,790 344,800 Total Assets 2,866,592 1,468,800 Liabilities and Equity 2014 2013 Accts payable 544,160 145,600 Notes payable 636,808 200,000 Accruals 489,600 136,000 Total Current Liabilities 1,650,568 481,600 Long-term debt ...

Words: 1593 - Pages: 7