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Opium Research Paper

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Opium, a highly addictive narcotic consumes a reddish-brown color to the eye and is very heavily scented; prepared from the opium poppy. It has been used as an analgesic and an antispasmodic. While opium is made up of a “cocktail” of drugs, the most active is morphine. In recent years, other derivatives for example heroin have been widely used.(IC) Studies have shown that as many or up to 50 alkaloids can be derived from opium and further processed. It distinctively originates from two groups, phenanthrones and morphine, in which I morphine is the most prevalent alkaloid, formulating up 10-16% of the entire drug(IC). Opioids are primarily used to treat pain, but if often abused for a euphoric feeling it causes. Opium can be consumed several different ways, the most common and traditional way is by ingestion. Smoking opium allows for the effects to be more controlled, as it is not really smoked, but vaporized. Another common method of administration requires making opium in the form of a tea and drinking it. This method is more dangerous than inhalation …show more content…
With the use of opium derivatives, heroin for example, a state of euphoria is experienced. Some chronic effects include acute pulmonary edema which arises due to the muscle compressing by hypoxia (IC).When evaluating the pharmacodynamics, effects of the opium alkaloids vary depending on the route of administration and the individual’s tolerance. For example, heroin has a much lower affinity than morphine for brain opioids receptor(IC),thus, causing less nausea and vomiting. Some cardiovascular effects include venodilation causing a decrease in arterial blood pressure(IC). Some gastro-intestinal effects include gastric motility reduction where gastric emptying time can be delayed for as much as twelve

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