...APPLICATION OF NURSING THEORY TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: THE SELF-CARE MODEL OF DOROTHEA OREM Introduction The purpose of this paper is to discuss the application of Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Model of Nursing to clinical nurse practice. The central thesis of the paper is that Orem’s theory has strong utility for application to modern day clinical practice and can be applied to most any case in order to attain the desired medical and caring outcomes. The presented discussion will support this perspective of Orem’s theory. The paper begins with a brief overview of the theory which is then followed by a delineation of a non-nursing theory that supports one or more of Orem’s self-care notions. The next section of the paper presents a historical overview of the evolution of Orem’s theory, a delineation of the concepts central to the metaparadigm, and an exploration of the theory’s usefulness in education and research. The final section of the paper applies the theory to a particular case. A model of the theory is presented in Appendix A. Orem’s Self-Care Theory Alligood and Marriner-Tomey (2001) state that conceptual or theoretical models of nurse practice are pivotal to the field, providing the profession with a guide to patient care and with a general frame of reference that connects the structural environment to the patters of behavior and relationships within the organization. The Orem Self-Care Model of Nursing (Orem, Taylor & McLaughlin, 2003) is one such model. According...
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...Analysis across Theories The purpose of the nursing theories is to provide an interrelating framework focusing on the nursing practice. The defined nursing theories promote better patient care, improve the status of nursing profession, and improve the communication between the nurses, and provide guidance to the researches and education (Keefe, 2011). Not all nursing theories have the same meanings; however, they play the important role of explaining the key concepts and principles of nursing practice in understanding way. Dorothy Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model are considered as grand nursing theories. The grand nursing theories are a conceptual model, which identifies the focal point of nursing inquiry and guide the development of mid-range theories that will become useful to nurses and also to other health professionals. According to Walker and Avant (2011), these theories contributed in “conceptually sorting the nursing from the practice of medicine by demonstrating the presence of distinct nursing perspectives.” In this essay, Orem’s Health Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model are compared and analyzed for their importance in nursing. Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory is one of three grand theories written by Dorothea E. Orem. According to Orem, nursing becomes necessary when an individual can no longer care for him or herself. Nursing provides care through acting...
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...Early in her career, Orem gained experienced as a staff nurse in a variety of hospitalclinical settings. While serving as director of nursing service at a Detroit hospital, she recallsthat she was asked a substantive question and didn’t have an answer because she “had noconceptualization of nursing” (McLaughlin-Renpenning & Taylor, 2002, p. xii).Orem goes on to say while working at Indiana University where her goal was to upgradethe quality of nursing in general hospitals throughout the state, she noted that nurses haddifficulty articulating needs to hospital administrators in the face of demands made upon themregarding such issues as length of stay, scheduling admissions and discharges, etc.(McLaughlin-Renpenning and Taylor, 2002). As a result, Orem recognized a need to look for the uniqueness of nursing. Specifically she was looking for an answer to questions such as“What is nursing?”, ‘What is the domain and what are the boundaries of nursing as a field of practice and a field of knowledge?”, and “What condition exists when judgments are made that people need nursing?” In a 1996 newsletter to the International Orem Society she puts it thisway, “What do nurses encounter in their worlds as they design and produce nursing for others?What meaning can and should nurses attach to persons, things, events, conditions, andcircumstances they encounter?” In 1978, Orem (cited in Fawcett 2005) commented that the task required identification of the domain and boundaries of nursing as...
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...1. Theoretical Framework of Dorothea Orem’s Nursing Theory, BSN 2. ……….BSN NUR/513 Theoretical Framework of Dorothea Orem’s Nursing Theory The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of Orem’s theoretical framework and analyze the critical components of the conceptual nursing model. Orem’s Self Care Deficit Theory is widely used in models of nursing. Orem chaired the Nursing Development Conference Group which examined nursing problems and research. Orem’s interest in curriculum development arise ++her interest in formulating a conceptualization of nursing. Theoretical Framework Orem presented her conceptual framework consisting of four concepts about persons and two about nursing and theories derived from this model – the self care deficit theory. The theory of self care, and the theory of nursing system. Concepts in the model are self care, self care agency, self care demand, self care deficit nursing agency, and nursing system (Fitzpatrick & Hall, 2005). Orem sees nursing as a science, technology, art, and a helping service given to a person with a legitimate need for it by nurses who have specialized knowledge and skills. Nurses help clients meet existing or anticipated demands for self care in order to sustain life and health, recover from disease or injury and cope with their effects (Fawcett, 2005). When speaking of nursing, Orem uses the terms nursing and nursing agency. Orem described the human being as an integrated whole composed of an internal physical...
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...Assignment # 2 Descriptive Analysis For this assignment, I chose to study grand nursing theorist Dorothy Orem and the nursing concept she introduced, the self-care deficit theory (also known as the Orem model of nursing). I chose to study Dorothy Orem because she is well known in Indiana, the state in which I reside. Orem’s grand nursing theory “was developed between 1959 and 2001…[and] is particularly used in rehabilitation and primary care settings where the patient is encouraged to be as independent as possible” (Orem & Taylor, 2011). Background of Theorist “Dorothy Orem was born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1914. She received her diploma in nursing in 1934 from Providence Hospital School of Nursing, Washington, D.C. Orem received her bachelor of science in nursing education in 1939 and a master of science in nursing education in 1945 from Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. She had a varied background in clinical practice: OR, pediatrics, adult med-surg, private duty, and ER supervisor. She taught biological sciences, served as a director of nursing service and director of the school of nursing at Providence Hospital, Detroit, Michigan. In 1949, she went to the Indiana State Board of Health, Hospital Division, where she worked to help upgrade the nursing services in general hospitals in Indiana” (Hartweg, 1991). “As part of her master’s degree work, Orem had to formulate a definition of nursing. During 1958-59, she worked as a consultant to the Office of Education...
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...Dorothea Orem’s Theory: Self Care Deficit Critic Kouadio K. Koko BSN, RN University of Virginia School of Nursing Dorothea Orem’s Theory: Self Care Deficit Critic Abstract Dorothea Orem’s self-care theory of nursing is one of the major nursing theories. It pays particular attention to the role of the patient in their own rehabilitation, as it expounds the benefits of self-care. Orem’s theory is well documented and has been used by several researchers as a basis for their research. This particular theory of nursing is broad and can be applied to the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention. Many nursing schools have used this theory as a benchmark or guide in their curriculum development. Introduction The following is a critical review of Dorothea Orem’s self-care theory of nursing; in which she advocates for a patient centered approach to nursing where the patient takes an active role in their own rehabilitation. This critical review takes a look at the purpose of the self-care theory, major concepts and definitions, its assumptions, its strengths and its weaknesses. The information provided in this report could be of benefit to a recently enrolled nursing student or any individual who wants to have a broader concept of one of the major nursing theories. Brief Summary of Theory Orem’s self-care theory of nursing basically surmises that the main purpose of the nurse is to facilitate the patient’s recovery; by helping the patients get to a point where they can...
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...Historical Perspective Essay: Dorothea Orem Historical Perspective Essay: Dorothea Orem Introduction The foundation for the nursing profession that provides principles to generate knowledge defines nursing theory. Successful nurses must be rooted in theory and understand the philosophy that drives their actions. Dorothea Orem is a nurse with a vision that studied human behavior, with the core concept of self-care in the patient/nurse relationship. This paper seeks to explain Dorothea Orem’s Theory including the contribution of her research as it relates to nursing development and paradigms of nursing. Dorothea Orem Caring for one’s self, as Dorothea Orem believes, is the responsibility of each person. “Self care is a deliberate, learned action performed by a person who has the powers and developed capacities to regulate their own functions in order to contribute and maintain their personal well-being” (Seed & Torkelson, 2012, p. 394-395). Orem believes that the responsibility of care is the patient’s, although at times, nursing care will be necessary. “The goal of nursing practice is to assist patients to become adequately prepared to engage in their own care, and thus, have improved patient outcomes and a better quality of life” (Simmons, 2009, p. 419). Orem’s theory contains three different systems, or stages; wholly compensatory, partially compensatory, and educative stage. A person requiring complete assistance, such as being...
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...DOROTHEA OREM Dorothea Orem Jennifer VandenEykel University of Phoenix NUR 403 Theories and Models of Nursing Practice January 8, 2012 Mary McGill, RN, MSN DOROTHEA OREM Nursing Theorist Grid Theorist Selected: Dorothea Orem Description of Theory: “ The central philosophy of the self-care deficit Nursing theory is that all patients want to care for themselves, and they are able to recover more quickly and holistically by performing their own self-care as much as they are able. “ ( Nursing-theory.org, 2011) There are three requirements to the self-care theory. The first requirement is the patient to be able to obtain basic human needs: air, food, rest and water. The second area that is a necessity is the maturity level the ability of that person to know when there is a chance of compromise in their growth and development. The final are is when it is necessary for the nurse to step in to provide care, support and education for the patient to maintain health. To summarize the beliefs of Dorothea Orem she strongly believes that a person should strive to provide care for themselves and members of their family. When a person is able to meet the standard self care needs and maintain the proper state of well-being according to their developmental stage they are at an optimal state of health. A person must take opportunities presented to them for receiving education about preventing health problems. Ultimately a person is either independent...
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...Head: Self-Care Deficit Theory Concept Analysis: Self-Care ABSTRACT Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory has been used as a basis for nursing care since she first proposed the theory in 1959. The focus of this paper is to define the Self-Care Theory in broad terms and to analyze the concept Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory using the Chinn and Kramer “Integrated Theory and Knowledge development in Nursing” process. The SCDNT is an important theory in nursing and helps to guide the nursing process and improve patient care with measurable results. It is also an important theory for developing curriculum in nursing schools and has proved invaluable to care providers when performing self-care for others. 1 In 1959 Dorthea Orem, a nurse from Baltimore, Maryland, developed the theory of Self-Care defined as a condition that “in an adult is the absence of the ability to maintain continuously that amount and quality of self-care which is therapeutic in sustaining life and health, in recovering from disease or injury, or in coping with their effects. With children, the condition is the inability of the parent (or guardian) to maintain continuously for the child the amount and quality of care that is therapeutic “(Orem, 1995, p.53-54). Orem posited that to determine if people need nursing care then it is “ the inability of persons to provide continuously for themselves the amount and quality of required self-care because of situations of personal health” (Orem, 2001...
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...Analysis Across Theories Comparison and Analysis across Theories The purpose of the nursing theories is to provide an interrelating framework focusing on the nursing practice. The defined nursing theories promote better patient care, improve the status of nursing profession, and improve the communication between the nurses, and provide guidance to the researches and education (Keefe, 2011). Not all nursing theories have the same meanings; however, they play the important role of explaining the key concepts and principles of nursing practice in understanding way. Dorothy Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model are considered as grand nursing theories. The grand nursing theories are a conceptual model, which identifies the focal point of nursing inquiry and guide the development of mid-range theories that will become useful to nurses and also to other health professionals. According to Walker and Avant (2011), these theories contributed in “conceptually sorting the nursing from the practice of medicine by demonstrating the presence of distinct nursing perspectives.” In this essay, Orem’s Health Care Deficit Theory and Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model are compared and analyzed for their importance in nursing. Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory is one of three grand theories written by Dorothea E. Orem. According to Orem, nursing becomes necessary when an individual can no longer care for him or herself...
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...DOROTHEA OREM - NURSING THEORIST IN SOME SITUATIONS, PATIENTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO BE MORE INDEPENDENT. THIS CAN BE ESPECIALLY TRUE IN REHABILITATION SETTINGS, IN WHICH PATIENTS ARE TRANSITIONING OUT OF BEING CARED FOR BY PHYSICIANS AND NURSES AND BACK HOME TO EXCLUSIVE SELF-CARE. IN THESE CASES, THE SELF-CARE DEFICIT NURSING THEORY CAN BE APPLIED TO HELP PATIENTS BE MORE INDEPENDENT AND PREPARE TO BE RELEASED FROM THE HEALTHCARE FACILITY WHERE THEY ARE BEING CARED FOR. BIOGRAPHY OF DOROTHEA E. OREM DOROTHEA E. OREM WAS BORN IN 1914 IN BALTIMORE, MARYLAND. IN THE EARLY 1930S, SHE EARNED HER NURSING DIPLOMA FROM THE PROVIDENCE HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING IN WASHINGTON, D.C. SHE WENT ON TO COMPLETE HER BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING IN 1939 AND HER MASTER'S OF SCIENCE IN NURSING IN 1945, BOTH FROM THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA IN WASHINGTON, D.C. DOROTHEA OREM DIED ON JUNE 22, 2007. CAREER OF DOROTHEA E. OREM DOROTHEA OREM HAD A DISTINGUISHED CAREER IN NURSING. SHE EARNED SEVERAL HONORARY DOCTORATE DEGREES. SHE WAS GIVEN HONORARY DOCTORATES OF SCIENCE FROM BOTH GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY IN 1976 AND INCARNATE WORD COLLEGE IN 1980. SHE WAS GIVEN AN HONORARY DOCTORATE OF HUMANE LETTERS FROM ILLINOIS WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY IN 1988, AND A DOCTORATE HONORIS CAUSAE FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI IN COLUMBIA IN 1998. SHE WAS ALSO GIVEN MANY AWARDS DURING HER CAREER: THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA ALUMNI ACHIEVEMENT AWARD FOR NURSING THEORY IN 1980, THE LINDA RICHARDS AWARD...
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...University of Phoenix Theories and Models of Nursing Practice NUR/403 Judith Mc Leod July 25, 2010 Nursing Theorist The theorist that I have chosen is Dorothea Orem. This theory describes the role of nursing in helping a patient’s who can no longer care for themselves (Mosby, 2009). The theory is divided into three parts; universal, developmental, and health deviation. Orem’s Theory The universal portion of Orem’s theory consists of the self care that a patient needs to meet their physiologic and psychosocial need. The developmental portion of the theory covers the care when coping through developmental stages, and the health deviation, which cover the care a patient need when theory health has deviated from their normal state. Theory History Dorothea Orem was born in Baltimore Maryland in 1914. After receiving a diploma in nursing, she attended the Providence Hospital School of Nursing earning a BSN degree in 1939. In 1945 he received the MSN degree from Catholic University of America. Dorothea Orem developed her theory in 1959, with the purpose of guiding nurses to assist patients in performing self care. The nurse was to assess the reasons the patient could not perform tasks of their self care and to assess them in discovering ways the patient will be able to meet their self care needs (Potter & Perry, 2009). Orem’s model was designed to assess nurses in assisting a patient to be able to care for their needs. Orem’s theory was created using inductive...
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...Analysis across Theories UOP Theoretical Foundations of Nursing NUR/513 Concept Comparison and Analysis across Theories Nursing theory is relatively new and as such, it continues to evolve as new knowledge is gained. There are numerous theories of nursing, each of which took years to develop and most of which continue to evolve and adapt. There are commonalities between and among the existing theories although each may focus more heavily on different aspects of responsibilities. It has to do with the philosophical foundations for each theory. Moore, (Moore, 2008) reported a nursing metaparadigm of four basic concepts: "person, health, environment, and nursing." Another author suggested the core concepts of nursing theory and practice are caring, assessment, teaching and learning, collaboration, managing care, communication and professional behaviors, (Opperman Med Law Consulting, 2008). These core concepts as identified by these authors can be found in some fashion in all nursing theories. Orem commented that nurses could do nursing but they could not explain what nursing is (Hartweg, 1991). She was also interested in what conditions had to exist for a person to seek help from nurses (Hartweg, 1991). The first answer she determined was that people sought help when they could not care for themselves (Hartweg, 1991). Orem's work was inspired by those she considered big thinkers, like experts in philosophy, metaphysics and action theories as well as the...
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...Nursing Theory: Compare/contrast two theories Name University Professor Course Date Nursing Theory: Compare/contrast two theoriesIntroduction Theory has so far remained a strategic tool in advanced nursing practice. Firstly, nursing utilizes every feature of management science. Fortunately, the knowledge base of each and every management science takes theory into account. Theory includes methods, principles, and concepts. The principles are usually related, and can be observed and validated or verified when translated into the practice of management. Likewise, concepts are general notions, thoughts, and ideas that tend to form a basis of discussion or action. Therefore, theoretical principles guide clinical nurses to various fundamental nursing concepts and provide productive line of action in a given situation. As a result, nurses should note that taking a hermeneutic or phenomenological approach (strict natural science approach) to nursing is not only naive but also misleading in real-life-settings. Alligood and Tomey, on the other hand, argues that prescriptive theories are often used as fundamental practice guidelines, which play a pivotal role in providing a wide range of practice situations in the nursing and nursing sector (2002). Apart from that, nursing can only become a real profession when it has both a theoretical and a scientific base. This follows the fact that nurses deal mainly with human behavior, thus, nursing is indeed a practice profession. Briefly...
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...Nursing Theories NUR513/Theoretical Foundation of Practice June 4, 2012 Lisa Ousley Contemporary Nursing Theories Introduction Nursing is a profession that employs the use of the combination of physical science, social science, nursing theory, and technology in the provision of care to others (Sigma Theta Tau International). Nursing theories serve as the groundwork for the practice of the profession. It guides every nurse on how to do things effectively and competently. This paper endeavors to give emphasis on contemporary nursing theories specifically focusing on a variety of aspects, such as definitions, concept statements, metaparadigms, philosophies, and conceptual models. Moreover, this paper also aims to tackle one particular nursing theory in relation to its application in practice. Contemporary Nursing Theories Early nursing theorists aimed in defining what is nursing; conversely, contemporary theorists discussed the metaparadigm concepts in more depth, gave high regard to nursing actions in particular, and attempted to provide the rationale about when is nursing necessary (Daniels, 2004). The works of contemporary theorists like Myra Levine, Dorothea Orem, and Sister Callista Roy as highlighted by Daniels (2004), serve as the theoretical basis for a variety of interventions in current nursing practice. Core Concepts In the theories formulated by Sister Callista Roy, which is known as the adaptation theory and in the -self-care theory by Dorothea Orem, the...
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