...management Module: HRM 3008 –Organisational Change HRM1 2015-2016 January Cohort Group 5 Title-INDIVIDUAL REFLECTIVE PORTFOLIO Student name and Number -Anthony Arhin LON160108010 Lecturer: Samtai Rai Teacher: Simon Taylor Introduction According to many theorist’s, change is needed for an organisation to thrive. Most organisations operating today are successful because of change. This essay will examine the theories and concepts needed in for successful change. Reflective learning means improving performance by using the outcome of reflection to inform the future practice. Portfolio 1 Question 1) Does leadership have a role to play in change management? 2) Discuss the concept of servant leadership for initiating and implementing change in organisations. Leadership plays an essential part in the change management process. Therefore, leaders have got to pay attention to leveraging. Getting the right people to inspire, encourage, motivate as well as having the ability to understand peoples emotional mind state. The Leaders is the key figure in the organisation for defining the need to change from internal and external drivers Carnell, (2003) says the people leading change can come from various different...
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...was through a change methodology management plan. Systematically, the company began reducing its workforce. But, before this was done, through his change management leadership, the chairman gave the company the reasons for the restructuring and privatization of the company in order to prepare them for the upcoming change. Thus, through leadership and communication, he directed his company through a difficult time that could have been disastrous without effective change management resistance communication Organisational Change Sample Paper Abstract An organization that has great strategies but does not have a culture that can allow it to put the strategy into action seizes to be a prosperous organization. The purpose of this paper is to look into how organizational culture influences success in change strategies. The paper will expound on what a culture in an organization is and explain the impacts of a company with a solid culture and one with a weaker culture on change. Introduction Organizational culture has various definitions according to different scholars. A company should change just as the environment does. That is according to management literature. In the course of globalization and internationalization, there came up technological advancements and the growth of scarcity of resources. The companies and organizations therefore escalate towards rivalry against each other (Alvessonl & Sveningsson, 2007). This therefore triggers the desire for change in an organization...
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...| How and why change models can facilitate change within organizations | | | | XXXXXX – 11XXXXXXX – Word Count: 1375HR388 - Human Resource Management & Organizational Change 21/1/15 | | How and why change models can facilitate change within organizations | | | | XXXXXX – 11XXXXXXX – Word Count: 1375HR388 - Human Resource Management & Organizational Change 21/1/15 | Contents 1. Introduction 2 2. Change models & their effectiveness to Human Resource Management and Organisational Change 3 2.1. Stage 1: Unfreeze 4 2.2. Stage 2: Transition 6 2.3. Stage 3: Refreeze 7 3. Conclusion & Recommendation 7 4. References 8 1. Introduction To begin with an in depth explanation and definition of organisational change, it a process that has been developed over the years in terms of discovering the best techniques to implement at different stages of a company’s life; an important issue that every firm must constantly adopt in order to maintain competitiveness and efficiency. As a result of the ongoing external changes in its environment, whether at the strategic or operational level, companies must act accordingly in response to changes in taste, a crisis or whether the change was triggered by a leader within the organisation with motives to improve efficiency (Moran and Brightman, 2001: 111; Burnes, 2004; Hayes 2014). Change models are used as a means of making the necessary changes to an organisation’s development as effective...
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...Advantages and disadvantages of organisational change Organisational change is usually good for any organisation because it can bring the fresh idea for the organisation. However, it also can be a challenge in any organisation if the strategy is not implemented properly. It will bring either the positive or negative effect to any organisation if use the change. Next we will discuss some advantages and disadvantages that can affect an organization. 6.1 Advantages of organisational change 6.1.1 Improved organisational performance The first advantage is improved organisational performance. (D’Netto et al, 2000) It can help the organisation to perform better. It may become higher productivity through use the advance in technology, training and other else. Besides that, the employees have more knowledge and pool of information about how to use machine or efficient use of the resources. For the example, the Toyota Company implement a concept which is JIT (Just in Time) to reduce the cost and promote the benefit of product (Likert, 2004). It is also the oldest and first way by Toyota and still uses it now. After that, Toyota add automation concept into management. They realize that Toyota way is also the most important change in Toyota’s management. So, they implement TPS which is Toyota Production System become philosophy of production management. 6.1.2 Flexibility The second advantage is flexibility (Mullins, 2010). That is because change can be implemented without heavy...
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...IMPLEMENTING ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AT PLANET AIR TRAVEL Introduction Organizational change is occurring every day and everywhere; it is a natural process that is essential for organizational development. Change occurs when companies transit from their current state to their desired future state. Change is imperative in today’s chaotic business environment due to constant in customer expectations, unpredictable economy, the emergence of new market and technological advancements. Internal and external drivers of change have an impact on the nature of organizational changes; therefore, in order to secure Planet Air Travel (PAT) future there was a need to undergo reactive and transformational changes along with emergent changes. However, employees react differently to change due to their perception of the change. At PAT employees will have various reactions throughout the change process, which is explained using Carnell (2003) coping cycle.Successful implementation of change is not an easy task, therefore; Kotter’s(1995 in Hayes 2010) eight-step model is a useful framework for successfully executing and implementing PAT vision. Organization Context Organization context is considered as "the ecology of the organization," which, consist of activities that occuroutside an organization's boundaries as well as those that are unique to the organization (Hahn, 2010). It is determined both bythe internal and external environment. The internal context at PAT is the internal environment...
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...Organisational Commitment Richard McBain (2005) looks to define organisational commitment and concludes that although there is “no single definition of commitment”, he refers to Allen & Meyer’s (1990) three-component model and offers an explanation of those terms: 1. Affective commitment, “which refers to employees’ emotional attachment to, identification with, and involvement in, the organization” 2. Normative commitment, “which is based on feelings of loyalty and obligation” 3. ‘Continuance’ component “refers to the commitment based on the costs that employees associate with leaving the organization” Richard McBain (2005) also explores Swailes (2002) argument that measures of organisation commitment often seem to focus on the reasons for commitment, or its outcomes, rather than on the commitment itself. He also goes on to explore the research by Malhotra and Mukherjee (2003) where they test the importance of job satisfaction and organisational commitment on service quality and explore how commitment may influence the willingness of customer-contact employees to engage in discretionary efforts may reflect in the service quality they deliver. He goes on to comment on one of the key findings from Malhotra and Mukherje (2003) research; that affective commitment was more important than job satisfaction in determining the service quality of customer contact employees. Richard McBain (2005) goes on to conclude that “Service organisations should, therefore, strive to develop...
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...RESISTANCE TO ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE Introduction Resistance is a common reason for the failure of change initiatives. The subject is thus of extreme importance to management. This paper explores the contention by King and Anderson that a common theme in defining resistance is “a naïve and managerialist assumption that resistance is counter-productive – even irrational – behaviour which needs to be overcome” with an emphasis on organisational change. It begins by looking at organisational change and its managerialist perspective and then examines resistance in an organisational setting. It ends with suggestions on how resistance to change should be managed by organisations. What is organisational change? Organisational change can be described as the transformation of an organisation from a current state to another, desired state. In all definitions of change there is the emphasis on the alteration from one state to another (Goodman and Kurke 1982). This process can be either structured or unstructured and can be either incremental (an improvement on an existing state) or transformational (a total transformation to another state). Organisations themselves have been defined as “social arrangements for the controlled performance of collective goals” (Huczynski and Buchanan 1991) and Rogers (1962) defines change as an alteration in the structure and function of a social system. While no consensus exists as to why organisations change (Hughes 2010), it is generally accepted...
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...ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR - Managing Organisational Change Essay Topic: One set of authors state that “An organisation’s ability to manage change will have a significant effect on its performance and prosperity” (Graetz. F., et al, 2006, p2 in Grates F. et al, 2006, Managing Organisational Change, John Wiley & Sons, Australia), whereas another author claims that few corporate change efforts have ever been successful (Kotter, J.P., 2005, ‘Why Transformational Change Efforts Fail’, Harvard Business Review, March-April 1995, pp 59-67). Discuss these two statements and build an argument that explains this apparent contradiction with regard to relevant organizational behavioural theory. In my opinion, the statements presented above do not contradict one another, in fact the two statements presented support the need for successful organizational change and the need for concerted effort in implementing the change. In almost every case, the basic goal has been has been the same: to make fundamental changes in how business is conducted in order to help cope with a new, more challenging market environment. Change is an organizational need, at one time or other and management needs rigorous support in achieving positive change outcomes. I want to look in detail the change management theory and practice including Transformational Change, The Tools and Techniques used for Change Management, Transforming Organisations for Organic Growth, Cultural Revitalisation and Behavioural Responses...
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...Organizational and personal change management, process, plans, change management and business development tips Here are some rules for effective management of change. Managing organizational change will be more successful if you apply these simple principles. Achieving personal change will be more successful too if you use the same approach where relevant. Change management entails thoughtful planning and sensitive implementation, and above all, consultation with, and involvement of, the people affected by the changes. If you force change on people normally problems arise. Change must be realistic, achievable and measurable. These aspects are especially relevant to managing personal change. Before starting organizational change, ask yourself: What do we want to achieve with this change, why, and how will we know that the change has been achieved? Who is affected by this change, and how will they react to it? How much of this change can we achieve ourselves, and what parts of the change do we need help with? These aspects also relate strongly to the management of personal as well as organizational change. See also the modern principles which underpin successful change. Refer also to Psychological Contract theory, which helps explain the complex relationship between an organization and its employees. Do not 'sell' change to people as a way of accelerating 'agreement' and implementation. 'Selling' change to people is not a sustainable strategy for success, unless your...
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...Long Journey of Missteps, Failure, and Change For Better. The self-reflective analysis of BlackBerry Limited’s change management Written by: Josephine Carolina Andjaya (3169628) Tutorial: A2 ; Tutor name: Dr. Huong Ha Executive Summary (Abstract) Nowadays, dynamism and complexity of company’s surrounding environments have pushed the company to change. To survive, companies started to compare, analyze gaps between current company position and desired state, and search for ‘best change practices’ to solve the puzzle. In the name of old glory and freedom from financial crisis, the tangled-clueless BlackBerry Limited has gone through critical situation since 2011 until deciding to kick-out Thorsten Heins and replaced him with John Chen as their new CEO in November 2013 to act as change agent transforming the company. With expertise, suitable leadership style, creative mind and teamwork, in less than a year, John Chen has proven satisfying outcomes and closed to “profitable state” that invite global citizens’ curiosity. This report highlights the 3 changes John Chen has done such as: leadership change, change in business structure, and change in business strategies, compared to ex-CEO Thorsten Heins’ change management; Overcoming the resistance of changes which is the pessimistic organization culture is also one of Chen’s achievement. The Action Research Model becomes platform of change application stages (institutionalization), changes must be preceded by research and planning...
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...2012/2013 Module: Managing Organisational Change (HRMG5027) Tutors’ names: Dr Deborah Price & Dr Jenna Ward Student Name: Yu Kang Student Number: P10506959 Word counts: 3438 Submitted Date: 17/05/2013 Introduction Everything in this world is moving and changing including organization. Organizational change occurs as a reaction to an ever-changing environment, a response to a current crisis situation, or is triggered by a leader (Jones, 2004). In 1947, K Lewin indicated that group life is never without change, which means that change has been a necessary process during the organizational development which is mentioned as a planned change process, managed from the top, taking into account both the technical and the human sides of the organization by Schien(1992). The ex-British Prime Minister named Benjamin Disraeli (1804-1881) (B. Senior and S. Swailes, 2010) explained that ‘change is inevitable in a progressive country’, he also considers that ‘only change is constant’. Being proved by Collins (1998), Huff and Huff (2000), Organization change is one of perennial issues in organization and management theory. However, the type of organizational change is not unique, Strebel (1996) illustrates that change may be a constant but it is not always the same, in addition, Grundy (1993) indicates that there are three varieties of change including Discontinuous, ‘smooth’ incremental and ‘bumpy’ incremental change which are separated by the rate of change (Figure 1). Some authors...
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...CONTENTS I.INTRODUCTION a) Organisational Change –an overview b) Kurt Lewin and his theories of change c) General Motors International 2. APPRAISAL OF KURT LEWIN’S 3- STEP MODEL (Manufacturing change at General Motors as a case study) 3. CRITIQUES OF THE MODEL 4. CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION In a dynamic world of increasing technology, competition, power relations and managerial opportunism, investment in Research and Development (R&D) by organisations and fluctuations in consumer demand, a complex phenomenon such as change is imperative. Change can be defined as the art of altering the current state of an entity from its present state to another while organisational change is the transformation process of taken up by an organisation in order to move from its existing level to a strategically proposed level by taking up new ideas and a different approach to its operational practices and procedures (Beckhard and Harris, 1987. cited by: Andriopoulos and Dawson, 2009). In analysing the various categories of change, research works have identified a number of traits used to classify the various levels and sorts of change. These include substance of change, scale and scope of change, timeframe of change.(Dawson and Adriopoulus,2009). Grundy (1993) also stated that three varieties of change has set a basis for how managers view change as a homogenous concept and coined them as Discontinuous, Smooth incremental and Bumpy incremental change(Senior and Fleming 2006)...
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...Advantages and disadvantages of organisational change Change Might Not Equal Progress Many companies emphasize a culture of continuous improvement. While never being satisfied with the status quo can drive excellence in your organization, there is some wisdom in the old adage, "If it ain't broke, don't fix it." Mistaking change for progress is similar to the common problem of mistaking activity for productivity. Every organization can be improved, no matter how well it is performing, but a manager should always ask the question, "How is this proposed change going to improve my organization's ability to achieve our key goals?" Cost-to-Benefit Ratio Change is never free. Changing the oil in your car takes time and materials, which cost money. Changing the phone system in your building costs time, money and training. Every change also has opportunity cost; spending your equipment budget on new computers means you have to wait to upgrade the phones. And there are intangible costs such as morale and customer satisfaction during the adjustment period. Determine whether the cost of a change is outweighed by the benefit that change will create. Internal Resistance According to an article by organizational change expert Garrison Wynn, the top two reasons people resist change are lack of knowledge about coming changes and fear of the unknown. You can expect some level of resistance to any change, no matter how small or how much benefit it might promise. The key tools for managing...
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...Organizational change management (OCM) is a framework for managing the effect of new business processes, changes in organizational structure or cultural changes within an enterprise. Simply put, OCM addresses the people side of change management A systematic approach to OCM is beneficial when change requires people throughout an organization to learn new behaviors and skills. By formally setting expectations, employing tools to improve communication and proactively seeking ways to reduce misinformation, stakeholders are more likely to buy into a change initially and remain committed to the change throughout any discomfort associated with it. What is organizational change management? Economic and social forces such as globalization, social/culture, political/legal, competition, technology, liberalization, deregulation, unstable financial market and advancement in information technology have made the business environment dynamic in all operating aspects. Change management is a structured approach to transitioning individuals, teams, and organization from a current state to a desired future state. It is an organizational process aimed at empowering the employees to accept and embrace changes in their current business environment Visualizing the need for change early enough and' pooling together the resources required such as human, financial, technological and information on implementation of change helps the company to survive the onslaught of a changing environment. -------------------------------------------------...
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...02-Cawsey.qxd 5/23/2007 10:59 AM Page 33 CHAPTER 2 Change Frameworks for Organizational Diagnosis How to Change Change is. —Anonymous Chapter Overview • The chapter differentiates between how to create organizational change, its process, and what should be changed, the content. Change leaders must understand both. • Lewin’s classic “Unfreeze-Change-Refreeze” model is discussed. • A modified version of Beckhard and Harris’s change management process is developed in depth. The model asks: (1) What is going on in the organization? (2) Why change? (3) What is the gap between the existing and desired states? (4) How do we close this gap? and (5) How do we manage during the transition phase? • These explicit models will help change leaders articulate their implicit models of how organizations work and how to change their organizations. Sweeping demographic changes, technological advances, geopolitical shifts, and pressures to be more sensitive to our physical environment are combining with 33 02-Cawsey.qxd 5/23/2007 10:59 AM Page 34 34——TOOLKIT FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE concerns for security and organizational governance to generate significant pressure for organizational change. Awareness of the political, economic, sociological, and technological (PEST) aspects of any organization’s external environment forewarns us of the need to pay attention to such factors. Furthermore, it alerts managers to a need to have some means in place to attend...
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