...It is important to understand how organisations operate and why they are structured in the ways in which they are. Organisations do not evolve by chance, or are they structured in a random manner. They are structured in a way in which organisations can obtain maximum power and control, which ultimately leads to their goals being achieved at a much more efficient rate. The purpose of this essay is to analysis the two theoretical perspectives of Modern and Post-modern which have different ways of understanding power, control and resistance in organisations. This will be achieved by comparing the two different perspectives and of distinctive contributions to the power, conflict and resistance which are key determinants of organisational life. It is stated that “Organizational structure... describes both the prescribed frameworks and realized configurations of interaction, and the degrees to which they are mutually constituted and constituting. (Stephen P. Robbins and Barnwell 2002) Power is an important concept in organisation theory. Organisations are built up of many factors from culture, structure, technology, and power. However power is inter-related to every factor in organisation theory (Daft, R.L. 2007). Two perspectives will be used to present the understanding of power and how power adds to culture and structure. Basic use of the word ‘POWER’ is used as a synonym of influence, strength, authority, and control over others. In organisation theory there are many different...
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...M´moire de stage de recherche e Vision et Audition Etude des processus cognitifs de reconnaissance et de diff´renciation e dans les domaines visuel et sonore Nicolas Esposito nik@niksnews.com www.niksnews.com ` Universit´ de Technologie de Compiegne e — Printemps 1998 Parce que chacune des douze notes a une position, un titre, une fonction propre, l’œuvre que nous entendons est plus qu’une simple masse sonore : elle d´veloppe devant nous une action. e (Milan Kundera, [13], p. 272) Ce m´moire a ´t´ r´alis´ a l’UTC1 dans le cadre du mineur PHITECO2 e ee e e` pour l’obtention de l’unit´ de valeur SC023 suite au s´minaire JIOSC 974 . e e Il est aussi disponible en version ´lectronique ` l’adresse suivante : e a www.niksnews.com/sc02/ Je tiens a remercier cordialement Bruno BACHIMONT, Charles LENAY, ` Fran¸ois SEBBAH et V´ronique HAVELANGE pour leurs pr´cieux enseignements. c e e ´ Je remercie ´galement Renaud SIRDEY, Andr´ GOASDOUE et Nicolas SALZMANN e e pour l’aide qu’ils m’ont apport´e, et toutes les personnes qui ont eu la e gentillesse de r´pondre ` mon enquˆte. e a e 1 Universit´ de Technologique de Compi`gne e e PHIlosophie, TEchnologie, COgnition 3 Stage de recherche 4 Journ´es Interdisciplinaires d’Orsay sur les Sciences Cognitives e 2 R´sum´ e e Le monde visuel et le monde sonore peuvent chacun ˆtre ´tudi´s en tant e e e que signal avec les mˆmes outils math´matiques5 (s´ries de Fourier...
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...Was hat Ihnen am Werk /an den Werken des von Ihnen gewählten Dramatikers / Dichters besonders gut gefallen? Aus welchen Gründen? Ich habe viele Filme gesehen, die von Tom Tykwer inszeniert wurden. Sie sind nicht die Art Filme, die ich normalerweise mag, aber sie gefallen mir. Sie haben sehr interessante Charaktere und Tykwer nutzt viele Techniken. Mein Lieblingsfilm ist „der Krieger und die Kaiserin“ und der seltsamste Film, den ich gesehen habe, ist „die tödliche Maria“. Normalerweise mag ich Filme, die dem typischen Erfolgskonzept eines Hollywoodfilms folgen. Ich würde sagen, dass Tom Tykwer Filme nicht zu dieser Kategorie gehören. Stattdessen haben sie sehr interessante Geschichten und komplizierte Charaktere, aber sie haben meisten glückliches Ende, aber die Reise dahin ist bizarr und schwierig. Ich war überrascht, wie viel ich sie genossen habe. Die Charaktere, die er geschaffen hat, sind Leute, die am Rande der Gesellschaft leben. In „der Krieger und die Kaiserin“ ist die Heldin Sissi. Sie wird in einem psychiatrischen Austalt geboren. Ihre Mutter war eine Krankenschwester und ihr Vater ist ein Insasse. Sie ist in dem Irrenhaus aufgewachsen. Deshalb ist es alles, das sie kennt. Sie wird auch eine Krankenschwester und wir sehen Sissi, wie sie weit über ihre Pflichten hinausgeht, als sie einen Insasse sexuell begriedigt. Maria in „die tödliche Maria“ hat eine ebenso merkwürdige Kindheit. Ihre Mutter ist gestorben, als Maria geboren wurde. Ihr Vater hat einen Herzinfarkt...
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...BONJOUR TRISTESSE – Une Version Le roman ‘Bonjour Tristesse’, écrit par Françoise Sagan quand elle était elle-même adolescente, a lieu pendant les années cinquante. L’action de l’histoire se déroule dans le sud de la France à la côte méditerrannéenne, en été, quand il fait vraiment chaud tous les jours. En fait la chaleur joue un rôle important dans l’histoire, d’une part érotique quand les personnages s’abandonnent aux plaisirs de l’amour, et d’autre part pour peut-être expliquer la lassitude qui sert d’excuse pour des pensées déraisonnables et des actions égoïstes. En général il s’agit de cinq personnages. Cécile, la narratrice, a dix-sept ans. Elle est fille unique de son père, qui s’appelle Raymond et qui est veuf. Cécile a passé sa jeunesse dans un couvent et à l’âge de quinze ans elle est allée à Paris avec son père afin de goûter la vie, puisque Raymond aime vivre, a plusieurs maîtresses et, en fin de compte, est libertin et homme de femmes. On va passer des grandes vacances près de Cannes dans une villa, que son père avait louée pour quelques mois, avec une de ses maîtresses, qui s’appelle Elsa. Mais cette situation idéale et insouciante est bouleversée quand une ancienne amie de son père, qui s’appelle Anne, arrive. Anne est une femme de classe, une dame plus âgée, respectable et intelligente. Sa confiance et froideur déconcertante attire la jeune Cécile qui, comme adolescent typique, est toujours à la recherche d’un sens d’identité et de comprendre qui...
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...Mémoire à la Commission Bouchard-Taylor Guy Durand septembre 2007 Identité québécoise et accommodements raisonnables RÉSUMÉ (2 pages) L'histoire, la culture et l'identité du Québec sont marquées, non seulement par la langue française, mais aussi par la tradition et la culture chrétiennes. Le respect et la promotion de cette identité remet en cause la pratique actuelle des "accommodements raisonnables". Cette thèse repose sur l'analyse de trois notions: la laïcité, l'intégration citoyenne et les droits de la personne. I - La culture et l'identité du Québec La notion de culture et d'identité Au sens social, par opposition à la culture personnelle (humaniste ou/et scientifique), la culture est cet ensemble de valeurs, de normes, de symboles, d'institutions et d'artéfacts qui caractérisent un groupe ou un peuple. Elle comprend donc de multiples aspects qu'il est opportun de détailler: langue, institutions, valeurs, paysage architectural, paysage artistique, toponymie, rythme du temps. La culture chrétienne Au Québec, cette culture et cette identité ont été forgées et restent largement marquées par la tradition judéo-chrétienne. Le fait est indéniable, en dépit des critiques que l'on peut faire à l'Église catholique. Les valeurs chrétiennes (ou les valeurs développées par le christianisme) sont devenues les valeurs communes dont on a oublié l'origine. C'est dire que tous les aspects de la culture, signalés précédemment, en portent la marque. L'ouverture au monde n'amoindrit...
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...Erläuterungen zum Perspektivenschema der kritisch-konstruktiven Didaktik nach Wolfgang Klafki 1. Aspekte der Planung und Gestaltung von Unterricht 1. Voraussetzungen eines Konzepts von Unterricht Als allgemeine Voraussetzungen eines Unterrichtskonzepts gelten hierbei ( Klafki 1987 ) ➢ Die generelle Zielbestimmung des Unterrichts ist, Hilfe zu geben bei der Ent-wicklung von Selbstbestimmungs- und Solidaritätsfähigkeit. Hierzu zählen auch die rationale Diskursfähigkeit ( = Fähigkeit zur Begründung und Reflexion ) sowie die entwickelte Rationalität und die Handlungsfähigkeit. ➢ Der Zusammenhang von Lehren und Lernen wird als Interaktionsprozess verstanden, in dem Lernende mit Unterstützung von Lehrenden zunehmend selbstständig werden in der Aneignung und Verarbeitung von Kenntnissen und hierbei auch die Fähigkeit zu weiterem Lernen gewinnen. ➢ Unterrichtliches Lernen muss in seinem Kern entdeckendes, sinnhaftes und ver- stehendes Lernen sein, dem die reproduktive Übernahme und das Üben sowie Trainieren nachgeordnet sind. ➢ Lehren muss als Vollzug für den Lernenden und mit ihm gerechtfertigt und geplant werden, d.h. Mitplanung und Mitgestaltung des Unterrichts durch Schüler ( offener und schülerorientierter Unterricht ). ➢ Unterricht ist ein sozialer Prozess, in den Biografien von Lehrern und Schülern einfließen. Soziales Lernen steht im Mittelpunkt und sollte funktional und intentional...
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...1. Was sind die Herausforderungen des Managements von L’Oréal? L’Oréal wurde 1907 gegründet und ist eine der größten Kosmetik- und Beauty-Unternehmen weltweit. Das Unternehmen verkauft mehr als 500 unterschiedliche Marken. Außerdem hat das Unternehmen fünf Forschungs-und Entwicklungszentren, welche von Frankreich bis über die USA, Japan und China verbreitet sind. Eine Herausforderung dabei an die Managementabteilung ist es, diese fünf Zentren miteinander zu verknüpfen. Alle sollten auf einer gemeinsamen Plattform fungieren und Zugriff auf die aktuellsten Informationen haben. Das ist eine schwierige Aufgabe für das Managementteam, denn die Informationen die sie bekommen sollen zudem in wertvolle Daten übersetzt werden. Das Intranet für diesen Bereich muss tausende von Forschern in den oben genannten Gebieten unterstützen. Das Intranet ist erforderlich um professionelle Anwendungen sowie Datenbanken zu Themen wie Biologie, Patente, Haarfarbe und Laborsicherheit zu schützen. In einem so großen Netzwerk, fällt es den Teams schwer, miteinander zu kommunizieren. Es besteht die Möglichkeit, dass Teammitglieder das Interesse an gewerblichen Tätigkeiten verlieren, weil eben viel Energie und Aufwand in die Kommunikation investiert wird. Um diese Hürde zu überwinden und diese Herausforderung erfolgreich zu meistern, entschied sich L’Oréal den Share Point Portal Server zu verwenden. Weitere Herausforderungen für die Managementabteilung: • Eine globale Wissensmanagementplattform...
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...This article is a SWOT analysis of this organisation in its 100th year of operation. Strengths: The organisation has some major strengths that give it a competitive advantage over its rivals. 1. Strong Financial Performance: On 31st march, 2010, ITC’s market cap was Rs. 114000 crores with a Gross income of Rs. 26,863 crores and Profit after tax of Rs. 4061 crores. The company continues its impressive record of financial performance. 2. Products Portfolio: ITC’s portfolio of products and services is represented by over 50 energetic Brands in a range of more than 650 stock keeping units (SKUs). 3. Distribution Network: ITC’S products are available in over 6 million retail outlets in the country. Its formidable Distribution organisation directly services more than 2 million of these retail outlets. It used its experience of transporting and distributing tobacco products to remote and distant parts of India to the advantage of its FMCG products. 4. Environmental Friendly: ITC has a status of being ‘Water Positive’ for the 8th consecutive year, ‘Carbon Positive’ for the 5th year in succession and ‘solid waste recycling positive’ for 3 years in a row. ITC is the only enterprise in the world of its size to have achieved and sustained these three global environmental distinctions. As consumers and investors become more environment friendly, these considerations will provide the organisation an opportunity to create USPs and stronger brand loyalty and brand equity. 5. Research...
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...| A Legacy Unfolded...The dawn of April 15, 1887 witnessed a rare moment in the history of publishing in Kerela when Deepika, (Nazrani Deepika- as it was initially named) India's first Malayalam Newspaper was first published. A marvel at that time, it was the realization and fulfillment of a long-cherished dream of many, which its Founder Editor Fr. Emmanuel Nidhiry (Nidhirikal Mani Kathanar), a renowned priest and perceptive, creative thinker of those times, initiated and shaped.The newspaper was initially printed on a crude, hand-made wooden press built by the legendary and far-sighted visionary Carmelite Monk, Fr. Kuriakose Elias Chavara (now Blessed Chavara) at Mannanam; a remote hamlet near the town of Kottayam in Central Kerela over a quarter century before then. This event further marked the epoch-making but humble dawn of organized, elite, free press journalism in Kerela. The Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI) congregation managed the newspaper till 1989, when it was converted into a Limited Company with public participation named Rashtra Deepika Ltd.; with a view to giving it fresh impetus, added professionalism and new ethos. The newspaper's founders had high and noble ambitions for this unique project that served as a major milestone in the evolution and advancement of literacy in Kerela. Under the dynamic leadership of Fr. Emmanuel Nidhiri, (a versatile genius and renowned philosopher of those times) and his team of thinkers, Nazrani Deepika marched unflinchingly...
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...Total words: 2126 Organic and Mechanistic The post-bureaucratic organisation (see Grey, 2009, pp. 85-89) is one in which everyone takes responsibility for the success of the whole. Discuss the significance of such an approach within current organisational environments, making reference to the Organic and Mechanistic perspectives. The purpose of this essay is to describe the organic and mechanistic perspectives theories what I have studied with my own experiences and discuss the significance of such an approach within current organizational environments. During this process, the first part of this essay will describe the basic meaning of organic and mechanistic organization with what I have understood from the class and own opinion. And the second part will discuss the difference between the organic and mechanistic organization such as structure, characteristic and conditions. Finally, the last part is focus on discuss what will influence the organizational choose the organisation design and which will match with the post-bureaucratic organisation. This essay will use some case study or company as example to explain the perspective. The first part is clearly explaining meaning of mechanistic and organic organization. Mechanistic organisation, also known as a bureaucracy organization (Morgan, 2006), is a system that integrated use of principles of traditional organisational design. The traditional organizational, look organization as machines (Morgan, 2006) insist the result...
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...Chapter17 Organization designs In this chapter the textbook talks about organization designs, how to deal with effectiveness and improve organization’s innovation. The textbooks focus more on different kinds of construction and make distinguish of them. These make me think more about the SAS case in this field. Last week we discussed the unique organization design and human resource policy of SAS. This two maybe is the most significant factors on it’s way to success. However, after reading this chapter, I have some suggestion for SAS. As we know, most SAS’s training programs are operated by their own. In other words, it seldom hires experts to make training for their employee. The case said this can help the company to reduce the labor cost. Quite the opposite, in this chapter, the textbook thinks in the learning organization, people transfer knowledge and changes its behavior on the new knowledge. I think SAS, since its business is about software, is such organization. So they need to hire the professional trainer to operate the programs. These can help them update their knowledge and improve their effective. Another point related to this case is about span of control. Like the real world/real people, managers may have different view about span of control. In the SAS case, Dr. Goodnight is the lead of 27 different departments. It is really unique. In my opinion, the SAS’s success under this design is based on the extremely reputation of Dr. Goodnight, his outstanding personnel...
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...New Employee Training Medical Records and Health Information Technicians * Needs Assessment: * The types of issues that might indicate a need for training would consist of: customer service problems, a lot of clerical errors, time management problems. These are just a few of problems that would indicate a need for training when any problem that happens a lot or is happening by a lot of employees at one time this is a red flag indicating its time to do some training. * These issues would be identified from having a lot of customers with complaints about the staff, or the way things are ran at the medical office. The wrong information placed in systems about patients that causing insurance billing problems and patient personal information errors. Staff spending too much time one thing or many of things that is causing over time that is costing the company money as a whole. Not spending enough time on doing the job correctly and just rushing threw it causing room for error. * If I was a training manager, I would prioritize training needs upon what is needed to be worked on threw out the medical office as a whole. If there are many of problems that need training then there will be more training available. But there is training available each month on what is needed to be worked on. * Delivery: * The best method for conducting this training would be to have in-services aka training classes. First upon hiring each employee must pass the pre test for qualification...
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...To achieve organizational goals and objectives, employee activities within the organization need to be coordinated and managed. To achieve this coordination, the organization must have a structure to it. Organizational structure is essential in specifying reporting relationships, delineating formal communication channels and in linking all activities together toward organizational goal achievement. There are two primary structure types; organic and mechanistic. There are four main elements to organizational structure; centralization, formalization, hierarchy, and departmentalization. These elements often coexist in organizational structures and their configuration will determine whether an organization is organic or mechanistic. Organic organizations are less formal and more flexible than traditional organizations and are characterized by such things as flexibility, informality, and knowledge based authority. An organic structure is laid out like a network and emphasizes horizontal specialization, personal coordination, and extensive communication. Organic organizations are generally flat and decentralized, with little reliance on formal authority, which enables faster decision making. Mechanistic structures are primarily hierarchical, with an emphasis on specialization, and vertical communication. Mechanistic structures also place an emphasis on control by relying on rules, policies, and procedures in conducting operations. Mechanistic structures are highly formalized and...
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...1. What problems did the Rank Group find with the Hard Rock’s three main internal information systems (restaurant operations, merchandising, and financial)? Why was this a problem? [Table] 2. What’s the solution? [List] - Putting a data warehouse system o To store restaurant point-of-sales customer data, merchandise sales, customer demographic, preference o To link data via the Web - Installing chain-wide merchandise system - Putting Radius inventory management system - Adopting Lawson software financial module, lotus notes o To update on a daily basis o To create a common ledger for all stores allowing the system to automatically reconcile numbers for every cafes o To reduce workload for finance staff The new systems and data warehouse are accessible through companywide intranet, allowing employee to look up customer detail and other information with just one click. 3. What’s the role of CRM? [List] How does the data in a CRM differ from that of a POS? (Table) - To build and strengthen relationship between company and its customer ex. Hard Rock building an online community. - To capture information about customers and give them customized details in order to drive customer revisit. - To gain personal information about customer and use it to offer personalized service. o Hard Rock gift certificate which can be redeemed on the website by using identification number in return of personal information and survey. - To track customers both on the Web and...
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...Week 3 Knowledge Check Study Guide Concepts Mastery Score: 21 / 21 Questions Six key elements in determining organizational 100% 1 2 3 100% 4 5 6 100% 7 8 9 100% 10 11 12 100% 13 14 15 100% 16 17 18 structure Mechanistic and Organic Structures Types of Contemporary Organizational Designs Types of Internal and External Collaboration Stages of Group Development Five Conflict Management Techniques Six Aspects of Group 19 100% 20 21 Structure Concept: Six key elements in determining organizational structure Mastery 100% Questions 1 2 3 1. The process of dividing work activities into separate job tasks is known as ________. A. work specialization B. differentiation C. chain of command D. span of control Correct: The Correct Answer is: A. Work specialization is the division of work activities into separate tasks. Individual employees are assigned to specific job tasks within a work activity rather than completing an entire work activity on their own. 2. The process of grouping jobs together is known as ________. A. departmentalization B. centralization C. formalization D. decentralization Correct: The Correct Answer is: A. Departmentalization is the process of grouping jobs together in one of five common forms such as functional, geographical, product, process, and customer. This process...
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