Introduction

An organisation is an assortment of individuals who work along and coordinate their actions to achieve a certain objective. The objective is what people try to accomplish as members of the organisation. For example improving business, promote a worthy cause, achieving power and status, acquiring work experience, and so on. The goals are what the organisation as an entire is attempting to accomplish (providing innovative product and services that customers want; obtaining candidates elected; raising cash for medial research; creating a profit to reward stockholders, managers, and employees; and being socially responsible and protective the natural environment). An effective organisation is one that achieves its goals (George and Jones, 2014, P.5).

Since organisations exist to accomplish goals, the management should outline those goals and therefore provide the means that for achieving them. Planning, under the elements of management, is about identifying an organisation’s goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a thorough set of plans to combine and organise activities. Managers are also obligated to develop an organisation’s infrastructure. This is called organising. It includes deciding what tasks should to be done, who should carry out the tasks, how the tasks are to be completed, and who reports to whom.

Every organisation contains people, and it is the management’s job to manage and coordinate the people. This is called leading. Once managers encourage staff, direct their activities, choose the foremost effective communication methods, or resolve conflicts among members, they are leading. To ensure that things are being carried out as intended, managers should monitor the organisation’s performance and compare it with formerly set goals. If there are any vital changes, it is the management’s job to