...ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APIIT Diploma Part I Individual Assignment Organizational and Social Environment Hilton hotel Prepared By Raize Hassam(CB004338) Module Code & Title Cohort FF1221 Date of Submission 15/09/2011 Instructor Ms. Sankapali Gunawardena Word Count 2000 Acknowledgement The authors would like to first of all thank her managing business lecturers Mrs.Shumara and Ms. Sankapali Gunawardena for all the support and guide he gave her to finish this assignment successfully. The authors would also like to thank her parents and friends for all their commitments and encouragement. Last but not the least the authors would like to thank the administration for all the facilities they have provided which made it easy to complete this assignment on time. Abstract As assigned by the lecturers Ms.Shurmara Fernando and Ms.Sankapali Gunawardena for the module Organizational and Social Environment, the authors were required to investigate research and observe an area of Internal and External Business Environment in any local business organization. Therefore the authors selected “Colombo Hilton Hotel” to do their research according...
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...Organizational Forms of Business Legal issues for Business Organizations LIT1 July 23, 2012 * * * * * * * * * * * * * There are different types of business organizational structures. These structures include sole proprietorship, general partnership, limited partnership, C-Corporations, and S-Corporations. These structures each have advantages and disadvantages, depending on the particular situation or desired effects the business owners may have. It is imperative that owners understand the differences so they can choose the best organizational structure that fits their business needs. * Sole Proprietorship * One of the most common, easiest, and cost-effective organizational structures is a sole proprietorship. This form consists of one owner, and does not have any distinction between the business and the owner. Although sole proprietorships may seem less complex, it has disadvantages as well. * Sole proprietorships have several advantages and disadvantages as listed: * Liability – Sole proprietorship does not differentiate between the business and the owner. Sole proprietorships are liable for all losses. If the company were to get sued, the owner’s personal assets would also be at risk. The owner must file as a business if they are using a fictitious name; even if a company files a doing business as, also known as DBA, there is no legal separation of assets * Income Taxes – The...
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...Chapter 4- Job Satisfaction * Job satisfaction is one of the several individual mechanisms that directly affect job performance and organizational commitment * If employees are very satisfied with their jobs and experience positive emotions while working, they may perform their jobs better and choose to remain with the company for a longer time * Job satisfaction- how a person feels about their job, and what they think about it * Employees with high job satisfaction -> positive feelings * Corporate culture, opportunity to use skills, opportunity to learn and ability to be creative are reasons for job satisfaction Why are some employees more satisfied than others? * Employees are satisfied with their job based on things they value * Values- things that people want to seek * Values are important because they explain how satisfied or dissatisfied someone is with their job * Value-percept theory- A theory that argues that job satisfaction depends on whether the employee perceived that his or her job supplies those things that he or she values * Dissatisfaction=(Vwant- Vhave) * (Vimportance) * Vwant- reflects how much of a value an employee wants * Vhave – indicates how much of that value the job supplies * Vimportance- reflects how important the value is to the employee * Since the difference of want and have get multiplied, the discrepancies get magnified for important values and...
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...Different persons will see the right thing from the perspectives of their current situation .the right thing can be defined by the past experiences of a situation .the outcome can be used to gauge whether the actual thing was right or wrong .however there are things that are outright right even without prior experience of the same situation but other situations bring out the relativity .a person will see something to be wrong if it directly affects his good life whereas they may see something as right if it does not affect him . A doctor who takes a hike in the woods would see tree logging as wrong whereas a carpenter who depends on timber from the woods would see it as right as it his source of livelihood.in a business situation the right thing should drive the business towards profitability as well as scale up.( Pojman & Fieser,2011) How do you know when something is truly right or wrong? The best way to know if something is right or wrong can be seen from the consequences of the action whether moral or ethical. The consequences of something right should be acceptable to the society whereas the wrong thing brings in the consequences that are not generally acceptable in the...
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...BUSI610: Organization Design and Business Ethics Mitzi N. Harvey Liberty University Abstract This literature review examines the concepts of business ethics and how it is related to the organizational design of a corporation. The first section of this review defines the concepts of business ethics and organizational design to establish their meaning and use throughout this paper. The second aspect of understanding the relationship between business ethics and organizational design comes from understanding how and/or why ethics is important to organizational design. This will illustrate any underlying influences ethics has on business structure and design. The third section of this paper reviews and groups the literature found linking ethics and organizational design. Literature is grouped together based on the similarities found in authors’ opinions, research and/or results. The next section discusses the ideas of micro and macro ethics; first defining them, illustrating the differences and then explaining how they come into play when examining the link between ethics and design. The following sections of the review, provides examples of formal organizational structures, ethical programs, and the ethical decisions that impacted them. Finally, in the conclusion of the review it summarizes the relationship between business ethics and organizational design, how this relationship impacts business, and what this means for business managers. Introduction To sustain...
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...BUSI610: Organization Design and Business Ethics Mitzi N. Harvey Liberty University Abstract This literature review examines the concepts of business ethics and how it is related to the organizational design of a corporation. The first section of this review defines the concepts of business ethics and organizational design to establish their meaning and use throughout this paper. The second aspect of understanding the relationship between business ethics and organizational design comes from understanding how and/or why ethics is important to organizational design. This will illustrate any underlying influences ethics has on business structure and design. The third section of this paper reviews and groups the literature found linking ethics and organizational design. Literature is grouped together based on the similarities found in authors’ opinions, research and/or results. The next section discusses the ideas of micro and macro ethics; first defining them, illustrating the differences and then explaining how they come into play when examining the link between ethics and design. The following sections of the review, provides examples of formal organizational structures, ethical programs, and the ethical decisions that impacted them. Finally, in the conclusion of the review it summarizes the relationship between business ethics and organizational design, how this relationship impacts business, and what this means for business managers. Introduction To sustain...
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...A Business Forms of Organization SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP: A sole proprietorship business is owned by a single individual and is not legally differentiated from the owner. It is the simplest form of business as there is less paperwork and it is subject to fewer regulations and restrictions. It is not usually required to register as a business unless it operates under a fictitious name or provides supplies or services that require licensing. The owner has complete autonomy for all business decisions and is the sole recipient of the business’s earnings. Likewise, the sole owner is completely responsible for all the business’s liabilities. Funding for working capital is based on and limited to the owner’s personal credit. • Liability: The owner has unlimited and unshared liability for all business debts. If the business falters, all business assets as well as all personal and family assets are at risk of garnishment except for the owner’s life insurance. • Income taxes: As a company, a sole proprietorship does not pay federal income tax. The sole proprietorship is a pass-through organization and all earnings are taxed as the owner’s personal income and generally filed with their personal income tax return on IRS Schedule C: Profit or Loss from Business. • Longevity or continuity of the organization: The owner can dissolve the business at will but the business cannot be passed on. If the owner dies or can no longer operate the business, the business ends...
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...The Organization of International Business Organizational structure at Procter and Gamble Procter and gamble unique organizational structure offers the global scale benefits of an international company and the local focus to be relevant for customers in roughly 180 countries where their brands are solid. The company corporate structure provides the framework that allows them to tap the benefits of a global operation keep them in touch with local communities, and their strong governance practices ensure that they carry out operations with consistently high standard and integrity. Procter and gamble have made their organization structure an important part of their capability to grow. It combines global scale benefits with a local focus to win with consumers and retail customers in each country where P & G products are sold. Procter and gamble recently grouped its global business units into four industry-based sectors as part of the company’s on-going plan to improve business performance. The businesses in each sector are focused on common consumer’s benefits, share common technologies and face common competitors. Procter and gamble structure has removed many of the traditional overlaps and inefficiencies that exist in many large companies. Four organizational structure Procter and gamble uses: Market development organizations: are charged with knowing consumers and retailers in each market where Procter and gamble competes and integrating the...
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...Number 2 (Ciafone, A., 2012) What happened: misused of water, caused problems such as skin irritation and shortage of water to the residents, determined to garner global attention which resulted in the ending of contracts with coca cola in campuses ( united states, Canada, Ireland, the uk, Italy, and india), indian parliament prohibited the sale of soft drinks What did they do: initiated water specific projects such as reducing and recycling water and such, but people were still skeptical about the sustainability of the pledge. In addition, plant workers were against the idea as they view it as a threat to their jobs Fritz Kaestner and Bergmann (2010) What happened: Frontline employees are crucial to every company’s success and should be trained in order to provide value for their companies. What did they do: * CCE understands that decreasing turnover costs and increasing frontline employees’ ability to execute the company’s strategy will lead to an increase in shareholder value * Effective learning requires structure, which iswhy CCE and BTS developed the new Pathway program to structure every day of the first two to four weeks of the new frontline employee’s on-boarding process. * In short, every new employee has a clear roadmap of what to learn, how, and from whom they can learn in order to be successful. * Everyone is equally responsible for success: the peer coach supports the new employee; the manager assesses the training; and the employee owns the training...
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...Sample Delinquency Letter Our records indicate that your assessment fees are presently in arrears in the amount of $ ________ through _(date)_____, including assessments, late charges, and interest which are provided for in the Declaration of Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions. We hereby make demand for payment for the above amount that is past due and owing. Unless we receive payment in full or you make satisfactory arrangements for payment immediately, we will file suit against you without further notice to recover this amount. If such action is necessary, you may be found liable for not only the assessment arrearage, but also for interest, late charges, court costs, and attorneys’ fees. In addition, we will record a lien against your property with the _______________ County Clerk and Recorder; we will also notify your mortgage company of your delinquency, and ask the company to call the balance of your loan due for failure to stay current with your assessment fees as required in your promissory note. Interest accrues on your balance at ________ percent per month and late fees of $ ________ per month are charged. You are also liable for attorney fees incurred by the association in pursuing this matter under the provisions of the declaration. Should you fail to dispute this debt or any portion of it, within thirty (30) days of receipt of this letter, we will assumed the debt is correct. You may also request in writing, within thirty (30) days of receipt of this...
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...The history of Walmart was founded in 1962 by Sam Walton in Rogers, Ark. It is an American multinational retail corporation that runs chains of large discount department stores and warehouse stores. They focus on making a difference in the lives of their customers, and helping customers and communities save money and live better. In 1969, the company officially incorporated as Walmart Stores, Inc. Walmart started its public trade on the New York Stock Exchange in 1972. With the continued rapid growth, Walmart was operating in 11 states with 276 stores by the end of 70’s decade. In the 1980s, the first Sam's Club opened, serving small businesses and individuals, and the first Walmart Supercenter opened, combining a supermarket with general merchandise. In the late 1980s and early 1990s the company rose from a regional to national giant, Walmart was the number-one retailer in the nation. In 2000s, Walmart focus on offering customers a seamless shopping experience, whether they are online, in a store or on a mobile device. Also, during these times, Walmart put some effort in implement several environmental measures to increase energy efficiency. Today, the company has grown to be the world’s largest and arguably, the most emulated retailer. The social cultural segment is concerned with a society’s attitudes and cultural values. A major social cultural trend is the continued growth of suburban communities. The increasing number of people living in the suburbs has a number of effects...
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...It has been said that systems fail when systems builders ignore “people” problems. Discuss. System building efforts often fail because there is too much emphasis on the technology and not enough attention to changes in organizational structure, job design, workflows, and reporting relationships. Inattention to these issues often breeds resistance to a new system and may also produce a system that is incompatible with the organization. Conflicts between the technical orientation of system designers and the business orientation of end users must also be resolved for successful implementation of systems. The success or failure of organizational change can be determined by how well information systems specialists, end users, and decision makers deal with key issues at various stages of implementation Systems are likely to fail when system builders ignore “people” problems. The success of a system and its acceptance depends ultimately on the people using the system. While a system may meet the functional requirements of an organization, its acceptance or rejection would ultimately depend on the people using the system. The users or people using the system need to be an integral part while designing the system. In this way system builders would be able to understand the concerns of the people using the system, as well as motivate them to be use the system effectively. The support of management is also an essential part for the successful deployment and use of a system. Often systems...
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... 5. Understand the elements of the digital world. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1-1 6. Describe the drivers of EC as they relate to business pressures and organizational responses. 7. Describe some EC business models. 8. Describe the benefits and limitations of EC to organizations, consumers, and society. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1-2 • electronic commerce (EC) The process of buying, selling, or exchanging products, services, or information via computer • e-business A broader definition of EC that includes not just the buying and selling of goods and services, but also servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, and conducting electronic transactions within an organization Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1-3 Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1-4 • OTHER EC CONCEPTS – Pure Versus Partial EC – EC Organizations • brick-and-mortar (old economy) organizations Old-economy organizations (corporations) that perform their primary business off-line, selling physical products by means of physical agents • virtual (pure-play) organizations Organizations that conduct their business activities solely online • click-and-mortar (click-and-brick) organizations Organizations that conduct some e-commerce activities, usually as an additional marketing channel Copyright...
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...Business Marketing Perspective & Organizational buyer behavior The Business marketing or Industrial marketing is the marketing of goods and services to commercial enterprises, governments, and other nonprofit institutions for use in the goods and services that they, in turn, produce for resale to other industrial customers. By contrast, consumer goods marketing are the marketing of goods and services to individuals and family units for personal consumption and to wholesalers and retailers in consumer goods distribution systems. What consumers buy, they use for themselves or for consumption by members of a family. Individual customers buy to support the profit-making or nonprofit functions in which the organization is engaged. To understand some of the major differences between business-to-business and consumer marketing, it is useful to think of the industrial marketing system as consisting of two key linkages. The first is the external interface between the marketing/sales function of the producer and the end user. The second is internal interface between the producer’s marketing/sales and production functions. While each of these linkages has considerable complexity, the two sets of linkages serve as convenient handles to explore the major differences between business-to-business and consumer marketing. Given the distinguishing characteristics of both the internal and the external linkages, the formulation and execution of the marketing mix poses different challenges...
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...endeavors to examine these challenges from a cultural, language, time and distance, infrastructure, and currency perspective. Additionally challenges related to state, regional and national law too are examined. Challenges implementing multi-stage e-commerce model Implementing global systems for a multi-stage ecommerce model can be a daunting challenge and yet provide a growth opportunity simultaneously. Simplistically, e-commerce refers to some form of electronic activity (e.g. buying or selling goods or services online) , that cross organizational barriers, with or without the involvement of WWW or Internet. Ecommerce systems can be implemented as Business-to-Business (B2B), Business-to-Consumer (B2C) , Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) and Business-to-Government (B2G) models (IBMR, 2008). Regardless of the model, if their associated challenges are well-identified and proactively addressed, then a new world of opportunity due to market expansion and growth potential, awaits the companies, undertaking the risk to implement these e-commerce models. In my opinion, these challenges can be successfully addressed by adopting a four step approach, as below: 1. Identify and analyze the applicable challenge. 2. Devise suitable mitigation strategies or counter-measures to address them. 3. Incorporate an ongoing method of work (MOW) to regularly and...
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