...Morals and Ethics in Society Kalob Lisk Rasmussen College Author Note This paper is being submitted on July 14, 2016, for Thomas Santangelo’s B406 Business Law and Ethical Behavior course. Morals and Ethics in Society Morals and ethics in society play major roles in our lives and our work environments and I am more than happy to write this research paper to help explain the similarities and its key differences. And this research paper will also include where both morals and ethics derived from and what can cause both of these. How can ethics or morals affect the work atmosphere and even outside of work. And with ethics and morals the key difference is that ethics comes from the social system and can be an external factor, while morals can be derived from the individual and is an internal factor. Ethics can be linked back to the Greek word “ethos” (Diffen, 2016) meaning “character”. And according to Merriam-Webster the full definition of ethos “The distinguishing character, sentiment, moral nature, or guiding beliefs of a person, group or institution”. (Merriam-Webster, 2016) Ethical behavior can be motivated by self-interest, or some intuitive sense of right and wrong and this can stem from our social system which I briefly describe in the first paragraph is an external factor. And consequently there is no clear-cut blueprint of ethics that you can use to project your business’ reputation and well-being of your employees and customers (Small Business, 2016)...
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...Ethics Essay Ethics Essay Ethics/316 Andrea Anderson December 10, 2012 Ethics Essay Week one reading helps understand and compare the similarities and differences between virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics. As we include a description of the differences in how each theory addresses ethics and morality. Then concluding in a personal experience to explain the relationship between virtue, values, and moral concepts as they relate to one of the three theories. “Utilitarianism is the theory that suggests that an action is morally right when that action produces more total utility for the group as a consequence than any other alternative does“(Boylan). Utilitarianism is more morality because it’s a choice of action to either do the right thing or not and if it was ethical then it would be a must to do the right thing. ”Deontological ethics is the moral theory that suggests that an agent’s duty is based upon principle. The theory bases its duties on the nature of human reason or on the nature of human action. It asserts the existence of moral facts and so is a moral realist theory“(Boylan)...
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...your paper. 1. Differentiate between: a. Ethics and Aesthetics Ethics constitutes the difference between right and wrong.Ethics are usually more broad and informal than laws, they are usually taught in ones childhood. Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that emphasizes on the beautiful and the ugly. It can be defined as the study of the mind and emotions in relation to the sense of beauty. b. the rationalist and the empiricist (at least 3 differences) A rationalist may study the principles of philosophy, theology, and architecture. An empiricist relies on observation, experiment, and conclusions. c. metaphysics from epistemology Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that treats principles. It also includes ontology and cosmology, and is connected with epistemology. Epistemology is the search for knowledge, validity, and methods. d. Axiology and ethics Axiology is the study of value. It is to research the nature, criteria, and metaphysical status of value. Ethics differs from the study of value given that it relies on what is right and wrong. Each individuals ethics will differ. Whereas Axiology is the current status of a particular value. e. Axiology and Aesthetics Axiology and Aesthetics can be confused easily. Aesthetics focuses on the beauty of something, whereas Axiology focuses on the value of that opinion. 2. Explain “what philosophy is” by discussing each of the following: a. the etymology or origin of the word “philosophy” Philosophy can be defined...
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...Hague. He was always poor and withdrawn and he earned his living by polishing lenses. He was still young when he died in 1677. He was a rationalist, determinist and a pantheist. Spinoza’s philosophy was profoundly influenced by Descartes. His writings were mainly in Latin with few in Dutch. The most important of his works include the brief treatise of God, Man and his happiness, the tractacus theologico-politico, the cogitata metaphysica and, above all, his masterwork, published after his death: the ethica ordine geometric demonstrate. In our presentation, we will discuss his metaphysics and on his metaphysics we look at what is substance, substance-monism, God and the world, and communication between substances. We will look at his ethics and on his ethics we will consider his work on Man. We will discuss his epistemology and on his epistemology we will look at levels of knowledge. We will then proceed to criticize his philosophy and finally make our conclusion. METAPHYSICS Spinoza follows in the path established by Descartes. He adopts Descartes’ situation as his starting point. For Descartes, substance was understood as that which has need of nothing else in order to exist; strictly speaking, only God could be substance. Afterward Descartes came across other substances which did not need other creatures in order to exist, although they did need God; these were the res cogitans and res extansa. Spinoza accepts this quite rigorously, and defines substance in this way:...
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...Hague. He was always poor and withdrawn and he earned his living by polishing lenses. He was still young when he died in 1677. He was a rationalist, determinist and a pantheist. Spinoza’s philosophy was profoundly influenced by Descartes. His writings were mainly in Latin with few in Dutch. The most important of his works include the brief treatise of God, Man and his happiness, the tractacus theologico-politico, the cogitata metaphysica and, above all, his masterwork, published after his death: the ethica ordine geometric demonstrate. In our presentation, we will discuss his metaphysics and on his metaphysics we look at what is substance, substance-monism, God and the world, and communication between substances. We will look at his ethics and on his ethics we will consider his work on Man. We will discuss his epistemology and on his epistemology we will look at levels of knowledge. We will then proceed to criticize his philosophy and finally make our conclusion. METAPHYSICS Spinoza follows in the path established by Descartes. He adopts Descartes’ situation as his starting point. For Descartes, substance was understood as that which has need of nothing else in order to exist; strictly speaking, only God could be substance. Afterward Descartes came across other substances which did not need other creatures in order to exist, although they did need God; these were the res cogitans and res extansa. Spinoza accepts this quite rigorously, and defines substance in this way: “by substance...
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...Urdaneta City, Pangasinan Term Paper In ETHICS AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN PUBLIC SERVICE In Partial Fullfillment Of the requirements for the Master in Development Management Major in Public Administration Submitted by: ALEXANDER A. ILUIS 1ST SEM 2013 Submitted to: MELITTON G. DASSUN, D.P.A CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES: A PANELCO III PERSPECTIVE Introduction Generally, the word “ethics” is originated from the ancient Greek word “ethos” that means a custom, success, nature, character, the manner of thought. ORIGIN OF ETHICS “Ethics are as important for the public servant as blood for the body” (Unknown in Van der Waldt & Helmbold, 1995:170). * PANELCO III, like individuals, is constantly changing through new leadership, environmental influences and socio-political development. PANELCO III cannot promote and enforce ethical behaviour solely through the utilisation of ethical codes of conduct or through the promulgation of a plethora of board of directors and the top management. Social mind sets are often still entangled in a micro-ethic paradigm. People tend to equate moral values and moral norms with values and norms, which apply only to personal relations structures within which they interact. PANELCO III needs an organisational culture that not only supports ethical behaviour, but sees that it also defines and underpins right and wrong conduct at an individual and institutional sphere. The origins of ethics have a meta-ethical basis. Several philosophers...
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...understands ethics in terms of situations and options. What is “right” and ”wrong” in any situation is variable. “Right” is a matter of the person’s personal preference, bias, emotion, experience, culture, gender, age, socioeconomic group, and any other factor the individual deems important. In essence, the individual is his/her own higher power. Entitlement-based ethics or egoism is a special type of relativism. Deontology, the study of duty, which we explored in Modules 3 and 5, describes a variety of positions that understand ethics in terms of duty or obedience to universal principles regardless of the consequences. These universal principles could come from God, from human origins and nature, or from human reason. Instead of asking whether an action will result in a particular type of consequence, either good or bad, as is the case with utilitarianism and social contract, deontologists ask whether an action is consistent with a particular principle or rule. In Module 5, we studied the ethical deontological categorical imperative of Immanuel Kant. Kant does not believe the authority for duty-driven activity is God. Kant believes that human will is the highest authority. He believes this “highest authority" emanates from the use of human reason. In short, Perhaps Kant’s “duty” is not as absolute as one might suppose. Human ordained moral action is often subject to change according to personal preference. For Kant, the moral action conforms to a law of human origin and is absolute—it...
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...PETER SINGER ETHICS AND INTUITIONS (Received 25 January 2005; accepted 26 January 2005) ABSTRACT. For millennia, philosophers have speculated about the origins of ethics. Recent research in evolutionary psychology and the neurosciences has shed light on that question. But this research also has normative significance. A standard way of arguing against a normative ethical theory is to show that in some circumstances the theory leads to judgments that are contrary to our common moral intuitions. If, however, these moral intuitions are the biological residue of our evolutionary history, it is not clear why we should regard them as having any normative force. Research in the neurosciences should therefore lead us to reconsider the role of intuitions in normative ethics. KEY WORDS: brain imaging, David Hume, ethics, evolutionary psychology, Henry Sidgwick, Immanuel Kant, intuitions, James Rachels, John Rawls, Jonathan Haidt, Joshua D. Greene, neuroscience, trolley problem, utilitarianism 1. INTRODUCTION In one of his many fine essays, Jim Rachels criticized philosophers who ‘‘shoot from the hip.’’ As he put it: The telephone rings, and a reporter rattles off a few ‘‘facts’’ about something somebody is supposed to have done. Ethical issues are involved – something alarming is said to have taken place – and so the ‘‘ethicist’’ is asked for a comment to be included in the next day’s story, which may be the first report the public will have seen about the events...
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...Logic Main article: Logic Logic is the study of the principles of correct reasoning. Arguments use either deductive reasoning or inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is when, given certain statements (called premises), other statements (called conclusions) are unavoidably implied. Rules of inferences from premises include the most popular method, modus ponens, where given “A” and “If A then B”, then “B” must be concluded. A common convention for a deductive argument is the syllogism. An argument is termed valid if its conclusion does indeed follow from its premises, whether the premises are true or not, while an argument is sound if its conclusion follows from premises that are true. Propositional logic uses premises that are propositions, which are declarations that are either true or false, while predicate logic uses more complex premises called formulae that contain variables. These can be assigned values or can be quantified as to when they apply with the universal quantifier (always apply) or the existential quantifier (applies at least once). Inductive reasoning makes conclusions or generalizations based on probabilistic reasoning. For example, if “90% of humans are right-handed” and “Joe is human” then “Joe is probably right-handed”. Fields in logic include mathematical logic (formal symbolic logic) and philosophical logic. Metaphysics Main article: Metaphysics Metaphysics is the study of the most general features of reality, such as existence, time, the relationship...
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...Axia College Material Appendix G Eastern Religion Elements Matrix | |Hinduism |Buddhism |Confucianism |Daoism | |Countries of origin | Hinduism’s Country of origin are Sri |Buddhism’s Country of origin are Nepal, |Confucianism Countries of origin are |Daoism’s Cointry of origin are china, | | |Lanka, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, |Theravada, Mahayana, Japan, Afghanistan, |china, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Singapore |Thailand, Beijing, Hubei, Sichuan, Korea | | |Fiji, Suriname, Guyana & Trinidad and |Central Asia, China, Thailand and |Vietnam | | | |Tobego |Indonesia | | | |Historical figures and |Hinduism’s blends into God are descended |Buddhisms historical figures are the Guru|Confucianism historical figures can be |Historical figures of Daoism are the | |events |to earth. Huli is a festival event |Rinpoche, Tsongkhapa, Fifth Dalailama, |the Zhu Xi or Confucuis. Han Dystany is |Confucuis Buddha and Lao Tzu. Events are | | |celebrated on...
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...Metaethics Metaethics is a branch of analytic philosophy that explores the status, foundations, and scope of moral values, properties, and words. Whereas the fields of applied ethics and normative theoryfocus on what is moral, metaethics focuses on what morality itself is. Just as two people may disagree about the ethics of, for example, physician-assisted suicide, while nonetheless agreeing at the more abstract level of a general normative theory such as Utilitarianism, so too may people who disagree at the level of a general normative theory nonetheless agree about the fundamental existence and status of morality itself, or vice versa. In this way, metaethics may be thought of as a highly abstract way of thinking philosophically about morality. For this reason, metaethics is also occasionally referred to as “second-order” moral theorizing, to distinguish it from the “first-order” level of normative theory. Metaethical positions may be divided according to how they respond to questions such as the following: * Ÿ What exactly are people doing when they use moral words such as “good” and “right”? * Ÿ What precisely is a moral value in the first place, and are such values similar to other familiar sorts of entities, such as objects and properties? * Ÿ Where do moral values come from—what is their source and foundation? * Ÿ Are some things morally right or wrong for all people at all times, or does morality instead vary from person to person, context to context...
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...“Critical Thinking – Hinduism Worldview” Hinduism is the world's oldest extant religion, with a billion followers, which makes it the world's third largest religion. Unlike other religions, Hinduism is a way of life, a Dharma, the law that governs all action. It has its own beliefs, traditions, advanced system of ethics, meaningful rituals, philosophy and theology. In this paper I will attempt to explain my view on Hinduism worldviews and will also elaborate on differences between Christianity and the Hinduism religion. The question of Origin asks "How did life begin?", "How did I come into existence? There is no central person to whom Hinduism can trace its origin unfortunately. The word “Hinduism” is not to be found in the scriptures, making it difficult to present a moment in time when the movement launched. Hinduism is a system that “attempts to maintain a complex polytheism on the one hand, and an earth-based worship of nature on the other” (Hindson and Caner, 263). Somewhere in the middle, these two religious impulses collide, and Hinduism is born. The question of Identity seeks to identify "What does it mean to be a human?" Hinduism states that humans are the highest of all creation. Souls can take many births in lower forms to get the eligibility to be born as human. Life can form lower than human beings, such as insects, plants and animals to name a few. The question of meaning/purpose asks, "Why does mankind exist?”, “Why do I exist?" In Hinduism they...
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...INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY GREEK PHILOSOPHERS SOCRATES Socrates, perhaps the most famous of all philosophers, lived his entire life in Athens. Unlike Thales and other early thinkers, Socrates was more concerned with the health of the soul, than the nature of reality. Socrates spent his days in the streets of Athens, questioning people about their values. He termed himself a "gadfly" (horsefly) who ceasely irritated his fellow citizens into investigating their beliefs. Making many powerful enemies in the course of his life, Socrates was sentenced to death by the Athenian Assembly in 399 BC. One of Socrates' wonders is that he invented rigorous, ethical investigation. His conversations with his fellow Athenians, as recorded by Plato, are the first records we have of an individual, by his own careful reasoning, trying to discover the guiding principles of moral choices. METAPHYSICS Because Socrates always claimed that his only wisdom was that he knew nothing, it is difficult to determine his metaphysics, his view of reality. However, in some accounts of his conversations, like Plato’s EUTHYPHRO, we may catch glimpse of his beliefs. Socrates seemed to hold that individual entities, like holy actions, have universal characteristics, like Holiness, which can be discovered by the mind after careful investigation. This may mean that he anticipate Plato’s metaphysics that thee is higher, eternal world of truths (like Holiness) which exists independently of this world. EPISTEMOLOGY ...
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.... Worldview is defined as the frame work of beliefs by which a person views the world around them, it is the philosophy of life. For example, you were brought up in a home as a Christian and your parents explaned to you the importance of having faith in the Lord, or the demonstration of the colorful tinted glasses in the book "Consider" .(pp. 51). There are three prominent worldviews and throughs these prominent, worldvew is how we recognize a person worldview. "The Question of Origin" Origin ask the questioned "how did life begin?"and "how did mankind come into existence?" origin explains how everything was created, whether it be from the view of naturalism, pantheism or theism. Naturalism is a worldview without God, Panthesm claims that god and the universe are one and the same, Theism contends that everything that exists including humans, is the result of God, the creator God. (Genesis 1:1, Psalm 139:13-16) "The Question of Identity" Identty ask the questioned, "what dose it mean to be a human?" and "are humans more important than animals?"Identity gives the order of the living creators on earth. We see this demonstrated in Adam and Eve, God gave us humans domain over all the animals on earth.We are not to abuse them, but we for can use them for food. Naturalism conclude that mankind is a productof evolutionary forces, Pantheism customarily teaches a lfe cycle called reincarnation, Theism views God as eternal and that mankind is a special creation...
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...have entered into an extended discussion of its nature. Some, however, have used a colorless definition like " Sociology is the science of society," or " the scientific study of society," or " the science of social phenomena." Others, using more words, add but little, as for example, " Sociology is the name applied to a somewhat inchoate mass of materials which embodies our knowledge about society." Other definitions somewhat more definite, yet unsatisfactory in many ways, are, " the science of social process " and " the science of social relation." Better than these are, " Sociology is the study of men considered as affecting and as affected by association," or, " the study of human association, including whatever conduces to it or modifies it." Of the formal definitions that have been given by scientific men, none is more comprehensive than that of Professor Giddings, which follows : " Sociology is an attempt to account for the origin, growth, structure, and activities of society by the operation of physical, vital, and psychical causes working together in a process of evolution." While it is difficult to give a brief comprehensive definition of sociology that will prove entirely satisfactory through all of the changes of a developing science, Professor Giddings's definition is of great service to one who wishes a clear understanding and a precise view of the nature and purposes of the science. An adequate knowledge of the true nature and...
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