...The DO s Dr. Andrew Taylor Still, 1828 –1917 THE DOS OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE IN AMERICA Second Edition NORMAN GEVITZ The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore & London © 1982, 2004 The Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. Published 2004 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 246897531 The Johns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland 21218-4363 www.press.jhu.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gevitz, Norman. The DOs : osteopathic medicine in America / Norman Gevitz.–2nd ed. p. ; cm. Rev ed. of: The D.O.’s. c1982 Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8018-7833-0 (alk. paper) — ISBN 0-8018-7834-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Osteopathic medicine—United States—History. [DNLM: 1. Osteopathic Medicine—history—United States. WB 940 G396d 2004] I. Gevitz, Norman. D.O.’s. II. Title. RZ325.U6G48 2004 615.5′33′0973—dc21 2003012874 A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Frontispiece courtesy of the Still National Osteopathic Museum, Kirksville, Missouri. For Kathryn Gevitz This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface & Acknowledgments ix Chapter 1 Andrew Taylor Still THE MISSOURI MECCA IN THE FIELD 39 1 22 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 STRUCTURE & FUNCTION EXPANDING THE SCOPE 54 69 85 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 THE PUSH FOR HIGHER STANDARDS A QUESTION OF IDENTITY The California Merger 101 115...
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...adults (83 million persons) and 11.8% of children (8.5 million children under the age of 18 years) have used Complementary and alternative medicine” (NHSR, 2009). In this paper, I will define the terms alternative medicine, complementary medicine, and integrative medicine and clarify how these terms differ. I will also describe how conventional medicine plays a role in these three terms. After, I will review the philosophy of CAM and how it relates to or is different from conventional Western medicine. Followed by describing one CAM treatment modality within one of the five NCCAM domains and give an example of how such a therapy could be used as an alternative therapy, a complementary therapy, and an integrative therapy for a specific medical condition. Then, I will explain how each example meets the definition of alternative, complementary, or integrative therapy and support the rationale for each section. Lastly, I will conclude with the results of scientific studies, if available, that show a clinical benefit from the examples selected. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a term used to describe medical products and practices that are not part of conventional medicine used and practiced by western or allopathic medicine. Our conventional medicine is practiced by medical doctors, doctor of osteopathic medicine and allied health professionals, such as psychologists, and registered nurses. Complementary medicine means no more than “in addition...
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...Maximizing your Admission into a Professional Program Midwestern University–Glendale Campus offers the following degree programs: Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O) Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) Master of Medical Science in Physician Assistant Studies (M.M.S.) Master of Occupational Therapy (M.O.T.) Master (M.B.S.) of Biomedical Science Master of Arts in in Biomedical Science (M.A.) Master of Science in Cardiovascular Science (M.S.) Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (D.P.M.) Master of Science in Nurse Anesthesia (M.S.) Master of Arts (M.A.) in Clinical Psychology and Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) Doctor of Dental Medicine (D.M.D.) Doctor of Optometry (O.D.) Doctor of Physical Therapy (D.P.T.) Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (D.V.M.) Master of Science in Speech-Language Pathology (M.S.) AWARENESS • • • • • Obtain brochures from professional programs you are interested in. Learn about the career you are interested in by visiting the professions’ websites. Visit with or speak to an academic advisor from the professional program to have questions answered. Be smart about taking advice from other students. Confirm all information before making any decisions. When requesting information from a program, speak clearly so the proper information can be sent to you. RESEARCH • • • • • • Research prospective colleges and request brochures and catalog. Visit each college’s website. Be familiar with the curriculum and history...
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...ECON 545 BUSINESS ECONOMICS PAPER PROJECT ONE INTRODUCTION The career choice made by an individual today is basically for the entire journey of life. This paper will be basically based on situation A, where Jenny needs advice in making decision for her career as to be a doctor. The focus of this paper will be demand and supply of physicians in US market and it will elaborate on determinants of demand and supply of physicians with recent data analysis, price elasticity of demand and supply, construction of demand and supply graph using the recent data. Thus, based on the analysis the recommendations will be identified in regards to market of physicians in US economy. DEMAND FOR PHYSICIANS According to NBC news dated November 4th 2013, 6.27pm ET, stated that “demand for doctors will increase by 2025”. The reason for this change in demand for doctors is due to the determinants of demand. The determinants of demand are the factors that lead to changes in the demand for the doctors in the economy. A) Determinants of Demand for Physicians The factors that affect the demand for Physicians in the US market are as follows: i) Price of Physicians The fee charged by physicians determines the demand for them, as the fees increases the demand of physicians will decline. As it is noted in US economy there are high volume of medical insurance policies which help individuals to cover their medical expenses which leads to increment in the demand for physicians ...
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...Therapeutic Modalities Paper In today's world, there are many treatment methods for the different ailments people encounter. Although traditional medical practices are the predominant choice among Americans, many also use complimentary or alternative medicine (CAM) to treat certain conditions. According to NCCAM Clearinghouse (n.d.), CAM is defined as "a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine" (Defining CAM). In this paper alternative, complementary and integrative medicine will be defined and differentiated, and the role of conventional medicine in these medicines will be discussed. There will also be a comparison of the regulations and oversights in conventional and non-conventional medicine in the United States, a review of the CAM philosophy, and a description of the domains of therapies according to the NCCAM website. Finally, a CAM treatment modality within one of the domains will be described and evaluated. Alternative medicine is the use of CAM as a replacement for conventional medicine such as faith healing ("alternative medicine," 2014). Conventional medicine does not play a role in alternative medicine because the conventional methods are discarded for the alternative methods. "An example of an alternative therapy is using a special diet to treat cancer instead of undergoing surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy that has been recommended by a conventional doctor" (NCCAM Clearinghouse...
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...Phillip Waite Final Paper: Value‐based Care and the Physician The change to a value‐based system of healthcare reimbursement is something that I find rather daunting and somewhat scary. The traditional fee‐for‐service system, with all of its flaws, was quite simple to understand—you pay for the care that is given and if you don’t want to pay more, take care of yourself outside of the physician’s office. But, I guess my fear and apprehension about value‐based reimbursement have their foundation in not fully understanding the change and not being able to foresee its impact far into the future. Now, nobody can predict the future, but as I’ve come to find out, that plays a big role in remaining profitable in a value‐based system. Despite my initial thoughts on moving from a fee‐for‐service system, I’ve come to believe that it is the right move, insomuch as it is forcing providers and organizations to focus on preventative care for their patients. Under a fee‐for‐service model, healthcare organizations and providers profited from the ailments of their patients. More procedures meant more money. Less and less thought was given to prevention because it wasn’t profitable. This is one of the factors that has led to an increase in healthcare costs over the years.1 Under a value‐based system, the physicians and organizations are incentivized to improve quality of care delivery and cut costs. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has...
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...individuals filing of a dishonest health care claim in order to turn it into a profit. Abuse; however, is harder for the investigator to identify and establish if the act was committed knowingly, willfully, and intentionally. Healthcare industry is one of the fastest growing sectors of the US economy; almost 10% of the US’s national GDP is consumed by the health care industry. According to Forbes’s report, the US National Healthcare expenditure of 2012 was nearly $3 Trillion. According to the National Healthcare Anti-Fraud Association, nearly $60 Billion is lost to healthcare fraud each year. The healthcare industry is an enormous market; therefore, making it easier for healthcare providers to take advantage of the American population. This paper will focus on why fraud and abuse occurs, different types of fraud, example cases of fraud and abuse, impact to present day healthcare industry, and potential solutions to fixing and preventing fraud and abuse from occurring. According to Hawaii Medical Service Association (HMSA), “Health care fraud occurs when a person or business intentionally misrepresents facts to receive reimbursement for health care services or supplies. It is a criminal offense under state and federal laws and can result in hefty fines, loss of health care coverage, and/or criminal penalties, including jail time.” For an example,...
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...Chiropractic, Osteopathy and Physiotherapy: define, compare and contrast “There are a range of health care professions readily available to the community today. Three of them that are often compared include; Chiropractic, Osteopathy and Physiotherapy. It is important to understand the differences between and the purposes of each form of health care before commencing treatment with one of them. Chiropractic is a form of complementary medicine based on the diagnosis and correction of misalignments and disorders of the musculoskeletal and nervous system. Chiropractors aim to improve the function of the bodily systems, through addressing neuromuscular pain with chiropractic adjustments and by eliminating any interference and discomfort that may be impairing the body’s ability to self heal to reach optimal health. Chiropractic originated in 1895 when DD (Full name here) Palmer, a local grocer with a keen interest in metaphysics, started as a magnetic healer until he put forward the principles of chiropractic, “I was a magnetic healer for nine years previous to discovering the principles which comprise the method know as chiropractic. During this period much of that which was necessary to complete the science was worked out. I had discovered that many diseases were associated with derangements of the stomach, kidneys and other organs...” (1) The word chiropractic literally means in Greek, “done by hand” (2) and public interest in the practice was generated when he “cured” a janitor...
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...accessible resources on the internet. Patients can research their physician criminal charges. The internet allows the patients to obtain health care information. In addition, the burden is on the health care providers. Although health care providers are aware they can review the criminal history, negligence still occurs. Despite the awareness of patient and health care providers, health care crimes, such as narcotics, are ongoing. This paper will discuss health care professional regulation and criminal liability. Health Care Professional Neurologist A Neurologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the treatment of the nervous systems, the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves (Educational Requirements for being a Neurologist, 2014). Dr. Lambry, a neurologist from Kaiser Permanente, stated “It takes approximately 12 years to complete your education, pre-med and internship.” The first step for potential neurologist is get a science degree, which averages three to four years (Educational Requirements for being a Neurologist, 2014). In their junior year, neurologist must take and pass the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), which is a standardized exam required for admission by all medical schools (Educational Requirements for being a Neurologist, 2014). Once they pass the MCAT, neurologist must submit an application to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM) (Educational Requirements...
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...BECOME THE BEST YOU POSSIBLE: THE PURSUIT OF MEDICINE “The art of healing comes from nature, not from the physician. Therefore the physician must start from nature, with an open mind….” - Paracelsus By Dan Hong FCIQ Collins W04 Assignment due Tuesday 4/26/2016 The Pursuit of Medicine: Table of Contents Introduction to myself……………………………………………………..3 Career Profile………………………………………………………………..4 Anthropology ………………………………………………………………..7 Sociology………………………………………………………………………..13 Psychology…………………………………………………………………….16 Political Science…………………………………………………………….20 Economics……………………………………………………………………….26 History……………………………………………………………………………32 Philosophy………………………………………………………………………38 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..43 Bibliography/works cited…………………………………………………..45 The Start of a Journey: Introduction of myself If there’s a will, there’s a way. And if there is a way, Dan Hong has the will. Ever since I was born, I was curious about the world. I always said yes to trying new foods, taking mental and physical risks, and learning new skills when possible. I was born and raised in Queens, New York where I hustled on the daily; interacted with people of all kinds and developed a New Yorker mentality of “time is money” and acquired a taste for Italian, Korean, and Indian food. Then, I moved to the Great Neck bubble where I felt as if my development was being stagnated because of the lack of diversity and opportunities. But that didn’t stop me—I traveled to new...
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...Isaac Allen Williams Jr. Dr. Anja Matwijkiw Biomedical Ethics P393 26 June 2013 Put Out to Pasture: The Problem with Euthanasia I have decided to write my paper on Euthanasia as the topic elicits all types of opinions and conversion on the matter. It is definitely a hot button topic when it comes to Ethical dilemmas, theories, principles, and how society should precede with this in application of law and legislation. I believe that allowing for Euthanasia globally and nationally will begin to further erode the very moral and ethical fiber that separates man from animal. I further support my stand with the example of abortion, and even though opinion hasn’t changed much in the 40 years since Roe vs. Wade allowed for abortion to take place, still millions of babies have been killed despite to negative opinions about it. My hypothesis on this issue is that if nationally legalized it would lead to an untold amount of elderly, handicapped, ill, poor, and lonely people vulnerable to being put to death against their wishes and before their time. The aim of this paper it too show that indeed legalizing “Euthanasia” or “Patient Assisted Suicide” would indeed lead us down the “slippery slope. This first step for me in this paper would be to talk about the theories and principles behind not being pro-euthanasia. There are a number of ethical principles that are deontological in nature, are part of the natural moral law, and relevant to the kinds of dilemmas that occur...
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...RUNNING HEAD: LEININGER’S THEORY OF CULTURE CARE Critique Paper Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality University of Virginia Theoretical Foundation of Nursing Abstract The Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory provides a conceptual framework to discover and explain diversities and similarities of care practices, within a cultures context. The theory is highly complex, and has many levels of scope, in relation to human cultures and nursing worldwide. Culture care is applicable to any culture and many diverse settings. The theory is accessible as a guide to research and can lead to empirical precision. The Sunrise Enabler provides a “visual map” that depicts the multi-factoring influences of culture described in the Culture Care Theory. The United States has become a very pluralistic society and continues to grow in international and ethnic diversity daily. In 2006, Louis Kincannon, Census Bureau Director, stated that “about one in three U.S. residents is a minority.” In 2006, of the United States population, 66% were white or European, 15% Hispanic America, 13% African America, 5% Asian American, and 0.4% Native American (United States Census Bureau, 2006). By 2020 they project that only 53% of the U.S. population is going to be white of European descent. In addition, by 2020 the Hispanic Americans and Asian Americans will triple, while the number of African Americans is expected to double (U.S. Census Bureau, 2006). Considering these...
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...Robotic Surgery Table of Contents Introduction 3 Historical Development of Robotics 4 Political and Legal Influences 6 Economic Considerations 8 Technology in Today’s Culture 10 Environmental Concerns 12 Moral and Ethical Implications 13 Psychological and Sociological Effects 17 Conclusion 18 References 20 Introduction Robotic surgery, or computer-assisted surgery, is the term used to describe the technology of using robotic systems to aid in surgical procedures. It was developed to help surgeons and medical health professionals overcome the human limitations of minimally-invasive surgery and enhance the abilities of the surgeons performing these procedures. It has many benefits to not only surgeons and medical facilities but for the patients as well. After years of development, training, and global awareness of the technology, medical manufacturers of the robots, surgeons, and medical professionals hope the technologies benefits will outweigh and overcome the environmental, financial, legal and ethical controversies. Dr. James McEwen, Dr. Brian Day and a team of engineering students, developed the very first surgical robot in 1983. It was used on March 12, 1984 for an orthopedic surgical procedure in Vancouver, Canada. Over sixty minimally invasive joint surgeries were performed in the first 12 months after the first successful surgery. After this, several other robotic devices were developed. A surgical scrub nurse was created...
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...[pic] ICAK-USA Research The Following is a Compilation of Applied Kinesiology Research Papers Published in the Collected Papers of the International College of Applied Kinesiology for the year 2005-2006 -- Edited by Scott Cuthbert, D.C. Functional Systems Approach to Central Nervous System Evaluation Richard Belli, D.C., D.A.C.N.B. ABSTRACT Objective: This study investigates the clinical utility of testing functional systems within the central nervous system, compared to testing individual motor nerves with manual muscle testing. Design: Private practice. Study Subjects: Patients were examined by the treating chiropractor from his existing patient pool. Methods: Chiropractic management was decided on by the treating chiropractor. A series of twelve tests were designed to discover disorders of functional systems within the CNS. The tests described were to evaluate the function of 12 systems: 1) spinal cord, 2) myelencephalon/reticular formation, 3) vagal system, 4) trigeminal motor system-muscles of mastication, 5) vestibulospinal system, and bulbo reticular area, 6) reticular formation, 7) diencephalons and gait locomotion system, 8) mesencephalon, 9) cardiac sympathetic autonomic system, 10) pyramidal system, 11) limbic system, 12) sensory system. Results: This chiropractic approach tests the nervous system after provocation of functional systems...
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...Longitudinal Study of market and Firm Level Factors Influencing ERP Systems’ Adoption and Post-Implementation System Enhancement Options. 7th Annual International Conference on Enterprise Systems, Accounting, and Logistics. Rhodos: ICESAL. Behara, R., Bhattacharya, S. (2008). DNA of a successful BPO. Journal of Service Science, 1(1), 111-118. Premuroso, R., Bhattacharya, S. (2008). Do Early Members of XBRL International Signal Superior Corporate Governance and Future Operating Performance? International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 9(1), 1-20. Nicolaou, A., Bhattacharya, S. (2008). Post-Implementation Quality and Performance Outcomes of Enterprise Resource Planning System Use. Enterprise Resource Planning: Teaching and Research, 45-56. Nicolaou, A., Bhattacharya, S. (2008). Sustainability of ERPS Performance Outcomes: The Role of...
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