Premium Essay

Ousourcing Review

In: Business and Management

Submitted By chisenga88
Words 7505
Pages 31
OXFORD REVIEW OF ECONOMIC POLICY, VOL. 22, NO. 4
DOI: 10.1093/oxrep/grj029

OUTSOURCING AND OFFSHORING: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRODUCTIVITY OF BUSINESS SERVICES
MARI SAKO Saïd Business School, Oxford1

This paper reviews the implications of outsourcing and offshoring for the productivity of business services in the UK. Official statistics indicate that business-service productivity has grown by over 20 per cent in the last 7 years at the same time as employment grew by 20 per cent. The paper considers possible factors that account for the simultaneous growth of employment and productivity. First, we discuss outsourcing and offshoring, and their role in enhancing productivity through greater specialization, standardization, and consolidation of business processes, and a shift to higher value-added services. Outsourcing of business services is interpreted as part of corporate restructuring, namely as the unbundling of corporate functions as well as vertical disintegration. Second, as some services become more like products, both low-skilled and high-skilled jobs are subjected to productivity growth through standardization and digitization. It is argued, however, that the future of business-service productivity is on a knife-edge, depending on the mix of two sources of productivity enhancement—namely greater standardization and capturing value from customized solutions.

I. INTRODUCTION
Services have become a dominant part of the UK economy, accounting for 66 per cent of GDP, as compared to 20 per cent for manufacturing. Twothirds of the UK economy is therefore engaged in a diverse set of service activities, in wholesale and
1

retail distribution, hotels and restaurants, transport and communication, financial intermediation, and ‘real estate renting and business activities’. A subsector of growing importance, the focus of this paper, is business services, which

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Compliance Review

...Compliance Program / Annual Procedure Review Rule 206(4)-7 of the Investment Advisers Act creates a fiduciary responsibility for investment advisers to review annually their policies and procedures to determine their adequacy and the effectiveness of their implementation. As part of this review, all policies, procedures and responsibilities of an adviser must be reviewed, and the findings documented. The review should consider all factors that might suggest a need to revise the policies and procedures including any compliance matters that occurred during the year, any changes in the adviser’s or its affiliates business activities, or changes to applicable regulations. Reviews should be conducted by independent individuals (e.g., the department manager) not immediately responsible for implementation of a particular procedure. An overall review and approval of the adviser’s policies and procedures should be completed by the Chief Compliance Officer and should be submitted to the adviser’s Management Committee or Executive Officers for Final Action. |Procedure | |Summary & |Recommended |Reviewer & | |Completion Date & | |Reviewed |Findings |Conclusions |Change/Update |Date of Review |Review by CCO |Final Actions ...

Words: 276 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Working on It

...Riverside Casino and Golf Resort / Stacy Benson Topic Title Performance Reviews NO. This title won’t work. What about performance reviews? If you were doing a simple research paper you could write about performance reviews based on research alone. In this Sr Paper you must determine the state of the art based on your Literature Review. Then you will give the background of the problem and discuss it. This must all lead to two Courses of Action (COAs; solutions) that are tied to your title and problem. You need a “product” such as a process, a plan, a strategy, a program – something that can be recommended and implemented. Problem Statement (if not finalized post a draft – focus on the "pain.") The problem is that after initial training employees are not being reviewed for current performance. Suggest that after this initial statement you add something more about the problem. Brief Topic Overview The casino is experiencing a high turnover rate of employees because after their initial training they are put on the floor without any further review. In the handbook employees are supposed to have a review after 90 days but they are not being implemented. This leaves the casino with under qualified employees that eventually terminate their employment due to not feeling able to meet the high demands. The solution to this problem, if it is the problem, is simple. Just IMPLEMENT PERFORMANCE REVIEWS. You can see...

Words: 640 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Mkt 420 Week 2 Individual Assignment

...Peer Evaluation for MKT 420 Your Name: KYRIA AHO Fill in the blanks for each team member (but not yourself) as if you were writing an evaluation or recommendation for that person. ONLY ONE TEAM MEMBER MAY BE RECOMMENDED FOR PROMOTION. Consider if you were assigned to another team, which team member you would want to be your boss. Consider who you’d like to work with again. Consider who you’d go to extremes to avoid working with if you had a say. Here is the format for peer evaluations. Include the team member’s full name (1), and be specific about (2) what the team member did or did not do. At the end, if you were employed with this person, (3) would you recommend (a) Promoting, (b) Retaining (Keep in position), (c) Retaining with counseling to improve performance or (d) firing/replacing. Please keep in mind that in most business situations, only one person in a group would likely be promoted. Thus a recommendation to promote would be reserved for the truly exceptional team member Team Member 1: LEXA CREAMER As a team member with Lexa Creamer on the team marketing plan project, I feel qualified to speak about his/her job performance. Lexa’s contribution to the project was timely and significant. She accepts correction easily and is always willing to assist in any way that she can. I believe Lexa’s strengths are enthusiasm and timely submission of her work. I believe her weakness is the lack of flexibility. Lexa had to miss some of the meetings due to time conflicts...

Words: 669 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Argument

...Why did we choose that particular topic or article to be reviewed? As for this assignment, our group has all agreed to choose the article titled ‘Stress Management’ as the article that we need to review. Why we chose this article is absolutely because it is easy to be reviewed. This article has much points and ideas in it. Besides, we chose this article because it is exactly and definitely related to our life as university students. So, we can easily put some ideas as our experiences to review this article. This article teaches us much about stress; what stress actually is and what do make us stressed. This article also gives us knowledge about some stress-management techniques as to overcome this particular problem. As students, we cannot run away from this problem, and we need to face it throughout our whole life as a human. Not only students, all human beings will face any kind of stress either teachers, farmers and also ministers. This article also tells us that stress is not always bad, but sometimes stress can be beneficial to us when it makes our work better and done energetically. We deeply think about how we will think to review this article so we will not face too much obstacle in order to finish this group assignment. Making notes on the article read The five articles that we choose is only about two pages each and these articles have many points and ideas to be taken and used. We need to take notes on these articles to determine which article is the best to be...

Words: 645 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Engl 135 Entire Course

...com/product/engl-135-entire-course/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM ENGL 135 ENTIRE COURSE 1. ENGL 135 Week 1-7 All Discussion Questions 2. ENGL 135 Week 1 – Restaurant Evaluation 3. ENGL 135 Week 2 – Omnivore’s Dilemma Book Review 4. ENGL 135 Week 3 – Position Paper 5. ENGL 135 Week 4 – Research Proposal 6. ENGL 135 Week 5 – Annotated Bibliography 7. ENGL 135 Week 6 – Research Paper Draft ENGL 135 ENTIRE COURSE To purchase this visit following link: http://www.activitymode.com/product/engl-135-entire-course/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM ENGL 135 ENTIRE COURSE 1. ENGL 135 Week 1-7 All Discussion Questions 2. ENGL 135 Week 1 – Restaurant Evaluation 3. ENGL 135 Week 2 – Omnivore’s Dilemma Book Review 4. ENGL 135 Week 3 – Position Paper 5. ENGL 135 Week 4 – Research Proposal 6. ENGL 135 Week 5 – Annotated Bibliography 7. ENGL 135 Week 6 – Research Paper Draft ENGL 135 ENTIRE COURSE To purchase this visit following link: http://www.activitymode.com/product/engl-135-entire-course/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM ENGL 135 ENTIRE COURSE 1. ENGL 135 Week 1-7 All Discussion Questions 2. ENGL 135 Week 1 – Restaurant Evaluation 3. ENGL 135 Week 2 – Omnivore’s Dilemma Book Review 4. ENGL 135 Week 3 – Position Paper 5. ENGL 135 Week 4 – Research Proposal 6. ENGL 135 Week 5 – Annotated Bibliography 7. ENGL 135 Week 6 – Research Paper Draft ENGL 135 ENTIRE COURSE To purchase this visit following link: http://www...

Words: 498 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Hardware Websites

...technology discussion forum . It provides its readers with detailed specs for thousands of computer hardware products, reviews, expert analysis and comparisons. Take the Asus X99 Rampage V Extreme motherboard for example, it belongs to a well know product line known as the Republic of Gamers (ROG). Overclock3D takes this motherboard and breaks it down piece by piece, they go into details of each aspect of this motherboard, from new features that was not available in previous Rampage motherboard models, to over clocking options, and even enhance their review with videos, screen shots, and bench testing results to verify motherboards' specs and capabilities. For the computer enthusiast, this website with an easy to navigate layout, and attractive format, brings all the new hardware to one place, and provides a tremendous amount of information regarding computer hardware. Additionally, the site has several tools that gives its readers the opportunity to discuss, ask questions, and expand on hardware uses through comments, forum, frequently asked questions and other threads in the Community section. Overclock3D was initially dependant on users input through the forum platform. Their enthusiasm however turned into a full scale professional publication, the website became a registered company in the UK and expanded its operations into other websites as well. Reviews done to hardware such as the Rampage V are now handled by professionals like Tom Logan their Director and Chief Editor...

Words: 308 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Butterfly Affect

...Butterfly leaked just 24 hours before its official release date, March 15, and that most major music websites published their reviews of the album within three days of the leak. On such an immediate deadline for filing a feature-length album review, it’s nearly impossible for a young critic to stunt. At Jezebel, Clover Hope just wrote the truth. With bits of personal and political context interspersed, Hope framed her review as a first-take impression of the “overwhelming blackness” of an album about funk and self-destruction. “This initial feeling is suffocating,” Hope wrote. “It’s the essence of Dis Tew Much.” I think most fans and critics would agree that Kendrick Lamar's To Pimp a Butterfly is, indeed, overwhelming. I reviewed To Pimp a Butterfly in about 72 hours. In that narrow band of time, I "got" the album's messages and themes but couldn’t grasp the motivations for the album’s sound. Why, in. You’ll recall that To Pimp a Butterfly leaked just 24 hours before its official release date, March 15, and that most major music websites published their reviews of the album within three days of the leak. On such an immediate deadline for filing a feature-length album review, it’s nearly impossible for a young critic to stunt. At Jezebel, Clover Hope just wrote the truth. With bits of personal and political context interspersed, Hope framed her review as a first-take impression of the “overwhelming blackness” of an album about funk and self-destruction. “This initial feeling...

Words: 332 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Army

...1.You must take the Blackboard Basics for Students Course. Then take the Blackboard 101 quiz and receive a “2” as a score. 2.You must complete the Advanced Leader Course Common Core (ALC CC) DL Student Letter of Agreement. You must also fill out all required information. You must recieve a total score of "6". 3.You must fill out all required contact information, including your NCO Support Channel and personal information using the spreadsheet that is provided and receive a "1" as a score. 4.You must read and review the ALC Course Syllabus. Once you understand all items covered in the Syllabus you must click the "Mark Reviewed" button at the bottom left corner. The Syllabus status will then change to "Reviewed." 5.You must read and review the ALC ALARACT 232/2010. Once you understand all items covered in the ALARACT 232/2010 you must click the "Mark Reviewed" button at the bottom left corner. The ALARACT status will then change to "Reviewed https://ncoes.ellc.learn.army.mil. Navigation Instructions You must access the course in accordance with these directions to successfully begin your course. To begin your course you will access www.train.army.mil. On the top right hand side you will click the login button, use your AKO user name and password. Click on the “My Courses” tab, then “My Active Enrollments”. The Advanced Leaders Course Common Core (ALC-CC) link will appear; linking you to your course. After this initial login, you will then use https://ncoes.ellc.learn.army...

Words: 266 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Mgmt410

...Web Navigation Steps First, familiarize yourself with O*NET by reviewing the information provided on the About O*NET page. Select the Content Model link, and review the conceptual model underlying this project. Return to Home (by clicking on the O*NET logo at the top of the page) and select the Visit O*NET OnLine link. Go to the My Next Move and enter an occupation you are familiar with (e.g., one you have held or hope to hold) in the keyword search box, or use the Industry search feature if you prefer.) Select the Search or Browse button. Select the occupation that best matches what you are looking for (or use other search terms until you find something that interests you) and review all of the data provided for that position. After completion of these navigation steps, proceed to complete the assignment by discussing the learning questions below. Learning Questions How easy was it to find the specific occupation you were looking for, and how comprehensive was the information provided about that occupation? What did you think of the occupations O*NET suggested as matching your skills? Was the occupation you are in or preparing for among those listed? As an HR professional, how could O*NET be useful in conducting a job analysis? Explain specifically how you would use the data from this site to assist your organization. As a director of human resources, would you have your staff use this site? Why or why...

Words: 251 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Hard Side of Change Management 1

...paid to the hard factors first, transformation programs will break down before the soft elements come into play. * A study by Harvard Business Review revealed that outcome (success or failure) of a change program depends on four hard factors * Duration * Integrity * Commitment * Effort Page 2 – DURATION * Refers to the project duration, particularly the time between project reviews. * It is assumed that the longer a program, the more likely it is to fail. * Window of opportunity will close, key objectives will be forgotten, key supporters will lose enthusiasm are some of the reasons for this assumption. * Although, contrary to popular perception, a long project that is reviewed frequently, is more likely to succeed than a short project that is not reviewed frequently. * Time between reviews is more critical than a project’s life span. Page 3 – * Transformation projects should be reviewed at least once in two months since the probability that change initiative will run into trouble rises exponentially if time between reviews is more than eight weeks. * The higher the complexity of the project, the more frequently it should be reviewed to keep the project on the track. * Scheduling milestones and assessing their impact are the best way by which executives can review the execution of projects, identify gaps, and spot new risks. * Most effective milestones are those that describe major actions or achievements...

Words: 260 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Lcpl Watson Case Study

...in Darwin. IAW Ref F. Available support from the Defence Community Organisation may be provided at his location for specialist services if the AD355-Assessment of Assistance form found on the DCO website finds him eligible for assistance in his new location. 15. LCPL Watson should be counselled on how a compassionate posting may affect his future suitability for promotion so that he may take all of these factors into consideration. He should consider discussing long term prospects with his Career Advisor if he intends to remain in Defence long term; Compassionate postings are only short term and in this instance should not be recommended. CONCLUSION 16. This brief has outlined the issues afflicting LCPL Watson’s performance during the review period. He has acknowledged that he wants to remain an active member with Defence. LCPL Watson has acknowledged his recent actions within the Platoon have not helped in providing a good example for his junior soldiers and has expressed a keen interest to improve. RECOMMENDATION 17. The following recommendations are made: a. LCPL Watson and Ms Low apply for recognition of interdependent b. LCPL Watson looks at the availability of a service residence and or submits a live out application if nothing is available c. LCPL Watson applies for recognition of a dependant with special needs d. LCPL Watson looks into applying for a general purpose loan through The Army Relief Trust Fund e. LCPL Watson consider applying through the DCO for...

Words: 1203 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Adjunct Nursing Faculty

...consequence of employing unqualified adjunct faculty is student dissatisfaction with their clinical learning experience. In turn, this results in less-than-favorable adjunct clinical instructor evaluation. The purpose of the appreciative inquiry is to collect data on the teaching skills of new and adjunct clinical instructors. This is important, because it is the mission of the university and the nursing program to deliver quality education to all students. It is also important to retain excellent clinical instructors for the nursing program’s accreditation status. The best way to do this is to ensure that all clinical instructors are provided with the necessary information to succeed in clinical rotations. The clinical peer review evaluation plan is designed to collect participant’s stories and includes an observation phase. The participants are the new and adjunct clinical instructors, and the reviewers are clinical nurse instructors who are certified nurse educators. The key evaluation topics were based on the eight competencies for nurse educators found in the National League for Nursing (NLN). Through the appreciative interview, the strengths and wishes of the clinical faculty will be recorded. Included in this information will be the data collected from the clinical observation and the reflection phase of the evaluation. The evaluation plan was designed by the clinical certified nurse educators. The NLN’s eight nurse educator competencies were designed...

Words: 767 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Diversity

...research writing, with a focus on constructing essays, arguments, and research reports based on primary and secondary sources. A writing-intensive course. Prerequisite: ENG-105 | Credit Hours | 4.0 | Pre-requisites | ENG-105 | Co-requisites | None | Course Add-Ons | Textbook1. Finding Purpose Through Argumentative WritingGrand Canyon University (Ed.). (2015). Finding purpose through argumentative writing.http://gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2015/finding-purpose-through-argumentative-writing_ebook_1e.phpElectronic Resource1. The Writing Process Mediahttp://lc.gcumedia.com/zwebassets/courseMaterialPages/eng105_writingProcess.php 2. Rubric Peer Review Mediahttp://cola.gcumedia.com/phi105/rubric/rubricCompare.html 3. Flashcard DeckUtilize the flashcard deck to review key terms and definitions.http://lc.gcumedia.com/mediaElements/gcu-flashcard-application/v1.1/#/add/ENG-106 Additional Material1. Developing Academic Skills GuideReview this resource as you move forward in the course. It will be important to come back to this resource periodically.ENG106_DevelopingAcademicSkillsGuide.docx 2. Academic Writing GuidelinesReview this resource as you move forward in the course. It will be important to start your assignments. Come back to this resource periodically.ENG106_AcademicWritingGuidelinesResource.doc 3. The Writing Process PowerPoint PresentationYou will use this resource during this course.  It is a good resource to save to your computer and...

Words: 5399 - Pages: 22

Free Essay

Peer Review

...reader liked. But it did not give any feedback. It also did not give any information to make the paper better. Reviewer four response was not what the writer wanted to hear. The feedback gave no ideas on how to improve the paper. There were no comments about the examples or experience. The feedback just said “So true good job!” It did not tell what part was good. The fifth reviewer gave a very good feedback. The feedback was also helpful to the writer. The reviewer gave ideas and very helpful information to the writer. All the information given, will help the writer to improve his or her paper a lot. The sixth review gave a great and respectable review. The reviewer gave information where it was needed. The information like; credible sources, to use statistics sometimes, and staying on track. The feedback for seven and eight was good feedback. The feedback for review seven was being straight forward. The paper needed lots more information and credible sources to improve the...

Words: 690 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Information Literacy

...Information Literacy The purpose of the peer review ultimately is to create the best possible article. The most critical step to this process is research. Research is likely to be a funded process through the receipt of grants. Furthermore, research is the basis of any and all arguments or points made through the article. An editor differs from a peer reviewer in a few different ways. A peer reviewer reads the article then provides their critique of said article. This is all done while the author of the article is unbeknownst to the reviewer. An editor is someone whom works alongside the author to help them in whatever way necessary. The primary goal of the editor is to push the author to write the best possible article, but the editor has the final say on publication. My article this week was not peer reviewed. For one, it has been an unusually busy week for me, but also because I trust myself enough to go without. Of course a peer review is a welcomed and useful resource, however, I trust my writing and proofreading to be solid as-is. I guess you could say that I am an editor whom authors. One of the best options to me for peer-reviews is my fellow classmates. Additionally, DeVry University’s library is an excellent resource for information on peer-reviewing. That information can provide insight on what to add, what to remove, as well as many other things. Long story short, the best possible thing to do is research extensively and excessively, write a paper, and have it...

Words: 279 - Pages: 2