...Exam series | Sect A Plate Tec(7 marks) | Sect APlate tec(8 marks) | Sect A Plate tec(10 marks) | | Sect CPlate tec essay (40 marks) | June 2010 | Study fig 1 a photo …recent earthquake. Using fig 1 only, comment on the evidence that suggest that an earthquake has recently taken place | Describe how seismic waves and earthquakes can be measured | With reference to two seismic events you have studied from contrasting areas of the world, compare the ways in which earthquakes and their impacts have been managed | | “The hazards presented by volcanic and seismic events have the greatest impact on the world’s poorest people” To what extent do you agree with this view? | Jan 2011 | Study fig 1, a map showing tectonic features in the Philippines. Comment on the degree to which the area of the Philippines might be subject to tectonic hazards | Outline the formation of hot spots and explain their relationship to plate movement | With reference to 2 volcanic events that you have studied from contrasting areas of the world, compare the nature of the volcanic hazard and its impact | | “Volcanic and seismic events are major pieces of evidence towards proving that plate tectonics theory is valid”. Discuss the extent to which you agree with this statement. | June 2011 | Study fig 1 which is an image of the sea bed of the N Atlantic Ocean … Comment on the extent to which the features shown support the theory of plate tectonics. | Describe the characteristics of, and explain the formation...
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...Plate Tectonics Damian Neal EG 481 May 14, 2012 Instructor: Dr. M. Jiru Plate Tectonics Outline I. Revolution in Earth Science Continental Drift Hypothesis Sea-Floor Spreading: Clues and Processes II. The Plate Tectonic Model Motivating Observations Types of Plate Margins (Divergent and Convergent Margins) III. The Search for a Mechanism The Tectonic Cycle (the motion and influences that occur during the cycle) Plate Tectonics The location where two plates meet is called a plate boundary, and plate boundaries are commonly associated with geological events such as earthquakes and the creation of topographic features such as mountains, volcanoes, mid-ocean ridges, and oceanic trenches. The majority of the world's active volcanoes occur along plate boundaries. In 1912 Alfred Wegener introduced his continental drift hypothesis. Wegener's believed that at once the continents were at one time were all connected together forming a single continent in which, he referred to as the supercontinent. The supercontinent may also be referred to as the Pangaea, defined as the all lands. Wegener believed that the supercontinent had split into fragments like pieces of ice floating on a pond and that the fragments had slowly drifted to their present locations (Merali & Skinner, 2009). However, there was a problem with Wegener’s hypothesis...
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...Evaluate how plate tectonic theory helps our understanding of the distribution of seismic and volcanic events (40 marks) Outline the theories Supporting evidence Notes: * Alfred Wegner – suggested that continents were once all joined together in an ancient super continent called Pangaea. Land masses had drifted apart until they got to a certain position. Used 4 different pieces of evidence to help support his theory: 1. Continental Fit – If you placed certain continents together they look like they should/could have been joined together at some point. For example western seaboard of Africa and Eastern sea board of South America. 2. Geological Evidence – Rocks of similar type and age sharing the same formation can be found in South East Brazil and South Africa, which were believed to be joined. Also similar glacial deposits found in the Antarctica, South America and India. 3. Climatological Evidence – Similar coal deposits have been found in places such as Antarctica, North America and UK, all of similar age and all formed in tropical conditions. Neither of these places is still tropical therefore the coal must have drifted apart. 4. Biological Evidence – Fossil formations can be found on either side of the Atlantic. An example of this is the Mesosaurus, this reptile could not fly, however its fossils were found only in South America and South Africa. Therefore they must have been joined; otherwise the fossils would not be in the same place. * Paleomagnestism...
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...deaths. As a result, mankind desperately attempts to have the ability to predict natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis. In recent years there has been a technological revolution in storm monitoring. Also, the advancement in a human’s ability to reduce the amount of casualties in devastation has increased. In fact, in some states where earthquakes and/or tsunamis are frequented, it is mandatory that people adhere to codes that are set by law. For instance, during an earthquake an individual should stand under the arch of a doorway to avoid injuries. As well as, during a tsunami, an individual should get to a higher elevation of land to help minimize the impact of the crashing wave. Likewise, there are laws in place that outline steps that are to be taken to help reduce a vast devastation of any one area. Moreover, the length of warning time for an earthquake and a tsunami is different. Technology has assisted humans with the ability to monitor activities that results from an earthquake, which can help in the prediction of a tsunami. But, the length of warning time for an earthquake varies, and it usually occurs with little warning and lasts just moments. On the other hand, the ability to calculate a prediction of a tsunami has not been achieved. In other words, activities under the earth’s surface triggers an earthquake and a large enough earthquakes set in...
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...Physical Geography Structured Questions o 1 from Section B – Human Geography Structured Questions o 1 from Section C – Essay Questions (You must not answer the option answered in either Section A or Section B) [pic] |Plate tectonics and associated hazards |Ecosystems: Change and Challenge | | | | |Plate movement |Nature of ecosystems | |Earth structure, plate tectonics theory: convection |Structure of ecosystems, energy flows, trophic levels, | |currents and sea-floor spreading. Evidence: |food chains and food webs. | |continental drift and palaeomagnetism. | | |Destructive, constructive and conservative plate |Ecosystems in the British Isles over time | |margins. Processes: seismicity and vulcanicity. |Succession and climatic climax: illustrated...
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...Physical Geography Structured Questions o 1 from Section B – Human Geography Structured Questions o 1 from Section C – Essay Questions (You must not answer the option answered in either Section A or Section B) [pic] |Plate tectonics and associated hazards |Ecosystems: Change and Challenge | | | | |Plate movement |Nature of ecosystems | |Earth structure, plate tectonics theory: convection |Structure of ecosystems, energy flows, trophic levels, | |currents and sea-floor spreading. Evidence: |food chains and food webs. | |continental drift and palaeomagnetism. | | |Destructive, constructive and conservative plate |Ecosystems in the British Isles over time | |margins. Processes: seismicity and vulcanicity. |Succession and climatic climax: illustrated...
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...Winter2012 SCIE114 Group Module 1 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 2 Questions Module 1 Questions Module 1 Essay Questions Question Why small particles weather faster than large ones: Why is silica the major component of magma?: Why clay doesn't weather Which type of magma is primarily associated with high viscosities? Which type of basaltic lava flow has its surface covered with sharp-edged, angular blocks and rubble? Which type of basaltic lava flow has a fairly smooth, unfragmented, ropy surface? Which the following denotes the positively charged particles in an atom's nucleus? Which sedimentary rock listed below has a biochemical...
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...Mr. Wedel, Room E102, 2012-2013 Web Site: Phone Number: Email: Office Hours: https://www.tracy.k12.ca.us/sites/kwedel/Pages/ClassInformation.aspx EARTH SCIENCE SYLLABUS 209-830-3360 ext 2509 kwedel@tusd.net Wednesday 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm or by arrangement Welcome to Earth Science – the study of the world around you. Our topics will include Astronomy (study of outer space), Geology (study of rocks, earthquakes, volcanoes and plate tectonics), Meteorology (study of the atmosphere, climate and climate change), and Oceanography (study of the oceans and water systems). This course will use hands-on experimentation, activities, and direct instruction. You will be enabled to learn the ‘how’ and ‘why’, not just the ‘what’ of science. I will show how Earth Science is relevant in your everyday life; you must provide the willingness to learn. MATERIALS Textbook: Bring to class everyday: Optional but useful: Earth Science, published by Holt (Please keep your textbook at home.) Composition Book and Science Binder/folder with paper - see below Pencil and/or Pen (dark blue or black ink only) Calculator, colored pens and/or pencils, scissors, ruler RULES AND EXPECTATIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Arrive prepared to learn (mentally ready and equipped with the correct materials) Never prevent others from learning (inappropriate behavior or talking) Always follow safety rules during lab (prevent injures) Do not take or damage any classroom equipment Participate in class discussions...
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...northern California and symbolizes the dynamic geologic processes that have shaped a spectacular landscape. 63829_02_insidecover.qxd 11/25/08 12:53 AM Page ii ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS TO ASK Northern California.1 Introduction Ⅲ What are northern California’s physiographic provinces? Ⅲ What is the Farallon subduction zone? al Ⅲ What two types of plate boundaries exist in northern California today? th Ⅲ What are terranes, how do they originate, and why are they important in northern California? Northern California.2 The Sierra Nevada: California’s Geologic alifornia’s Ge Backbone Ⅲ What is the Sierra Nevada batholith? rra batholi Ⅲ What kinds of rocks surround the Sierra Nevada batholith? ra Ⅲ When and how was the modern Sierra Nevada uplifted? e Ⅲ What types of gold deposits occur in the Sierra Nevada? e? Ⅲ What is the Mother Lode? Northern California.3 The Klamath M Mountains t ath an Ne evada Ⅲ In what ways are the Klamath Mountains and the Sierra Nevada similar? ds ro o ath M Ⅲ What kinds of rocks comprise the ophiolites in the Klamath Mountains and what tectonic events do they signify? ineral occu th ntai Ⅲ What mineral resources occur in the Klamath Mountains? Northern California.4 The Gr Ca rnia e Great Valley fa s th i he Valle Ⅲ What factors have led to the formation of fertile soils in the Great Valley? at t ime y Grea Seq Ⅲ What was the origin of the sedimentary rocks in the Great Valley Sequence...
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...Mr. Wedel, Room E102, 2012-2013 Web Site: Phone Number: Email: Office Hours: https://www.tracy.k12.ca.us/sites/kwedel/Pages/ClassInformation.aspx EARTH SCIENCE SYLLABUS 209-830-3360 ext 2509 kwedel@tusd.net Wednesday 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm or by arrangement Welcome to Earth Science – the study of the world around you. Our topics will include Astronomy (study of outer space), Geology (study of rocks, earthquakes, volcanoes and plate tectonics), Meteorology (study of the atmosphere, climate and climate change), and Oceanography (study of the oceans and water systems). This course will use hands-on experimentation, activities, and direct instruction. You will be enabled to learn the ‘how’ and ‘why’, not just the ‘what’ of science. I will show how Earth Science is relevant in your everyday life; you must provide the willingness to learn. MATERIALS Textbook: Bring to class everyday: Optional but useful: Earth Science, published by Holt (Please keep your textbook at home.) Composition Book and Science Binder/folder with paper - see below Pencil and/or Pen (dark blue or black ink only) Calculator, colored pens and/or pencils, scissors, ruler RULES AND EXPECTATIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Arrive prepared to learn (mentally ready and equipped with the correct materials) Never prevent others from learning (inappropriate behavior or talking) Always follow safety rules during lab (prevent injures) Do not take or damage any classroom equipment Participate in class discussions...
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...Shake and Erupt: A critical reflection on teaching earthquakes and volcanoes to KS3 Rationale: Perhaps the most dynamic features of the Earth’s awesome power and nature are when Volcanoes and Earthquakes occur. Their workings are at the very core of our planet’s history and their unpredictable activity continues to shake mankind’s understanding of the planet. This topic or scheme of work for my mixed ability year nine class offers a plethora of attributes that both incorporates sound core Geographic knowledge and divers teaching formats that can present a degree of awe and wonder into the minds of young people. Planning and teaching such a topic at a time when the Geography National Curriculum is being reviewed by the new coalition Government, seems to provide somewhat of a blank canvass as to what pedagogical approaches might be the most appropriate to adopt. Whatever the NC will look like, we are led to believe that there will be a re-focus on the ‘core’ knowledge in subjects like Geography. This is not to say a return to didactic teaching where teachers are merely transmitters of information, or indeed to adopt a textbook pedagogy which is reminiscent of the late 1970s and 1980s. The Geography Curriculum Consultation Full Report makes it clear “That a line-by-line, detailed list of geography’s contents is not the best way to draw a positive response from teachers . . . though there is strong support for the national curriculum achieving greater clarity over the core...
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...Earth's crust. Wegener suggested that mountains were formed when the edge of a drifting continent collided with another, causing it to crumple and fold". ("The Earth in the Universe,"1999) -BBC reference. 1. Alfred Wegner noticed that the continents seemed to fit together at the edge of their continental shelves . 2. He noticed this because he observed that continents in the Southern Hemisphere have similar rock and fossil patterns. B. He believed that the continents were all once apart of a large supercontinent called Pangea. II. Aside from fossils and rock patterns there were other observations that led to his theory. A. "Glacial till deposits in the Southern Hemisphere aided Wegners hypothesis".("The supporting Evidence of Plate Tectonic Theory",2008) 1. Glaciation till is unsorted glacial sediment left behind by glaciers during the glacial drift. 2. "Glaciation in South America, Africa, India, and Australia is best explained if these continents were...
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...Exploring Taiwan---Taiwan Is Alive How does it feel like to live on a floating plate, unaware of probable earthquakes and tectonic movements? I understood how it feels like because I live in Taiwan! After an introduction to the geology of Taiwan, I found Taiwan a really active and dynamic island. This reminded me of an article I read on New York Times years ago; it titled: Taiwan Moves Closer to Mainland, Pulled by Forces That Molded Its Mountains. In the article, there were a research team built by three groups of geologists from three countries—Taiwan, United States of America and Japan. In order to learn the process of mountain building on Taiwan islands, they used seismic monitoring device and computer graphing to track the movement of tectonic plates. Such research found one of the facts that Taiwan is actually moving closer to Mainland China! Not to mention that Taiwan is growing taller and taller where our mountains has been rising above sea levels since 60 million years ago. I cannot help but wonder if Taiwan Island would join the Eurasia millions years after! Despite my fantasy of walking across Taiwan Strait to Eurasia many years after, it is amazing to learn that there are actually “underground” forces pushing and pulling Taiwan islands by millimeters every second. The most apparent connection between these forces and our lives on the island is earthquakes and volcanic activity. First, through my life until now, I have experienced at least thousand times of...
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...Dangerous and Natural Energy Cristopher L. Butler Kaplan University SC300: Prof: Tanya Crail What’s a earthquake? According to the Geology Labs on-line website an earthquake is the sudden release of stored energy, caused by the shifting of tectonic plates. The energy release is a shock wave or seismic wave. The seismic wave is what causes the ground to move or shake, when this occurs we have a earthquake. According to the 2008 United States National Seismic Hazard Maps a lot of the west coast as far south as Hawaii, and north to Alaska has a lot of earthquake activity. The Pacific “Ring of Fire” (named for the large amount of active volcanoes), has a lot of tectonic activity. Tectonic plates are large plates of rock that make up the foundation of the Earth's crust and the shape of the continents. Question: What patterns do you see in the distribution of earthquakes across the continental United States? Answer: Earthquakes occur on fault lines, a location where tectonic plates have collided together and shifted or are sliding past each other. The size of the earthquake depends on how much slide or shift occurred. Most fault lines are located in costal areas, because of the continental and oceanic plates colliding together. Most of the United States earthquakes occurs on the west coast. California, and the entire west coast including Hawaii, and Alaska have the highest hazard rating at 64+, central locations of the United States like Texas, North and South Dakota...
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...Plate Tectonics SCI/245 January 13, 2010 Aimee Pellet Plate Tectonics One of the first scientists to theorize plate tectonics was Alfred Wegener. Alfred Wegener was a German scientist that lived from 1880-1930. He proposed that the continents shifted as time has gone by. “Wegener found that large-scale geological features on separated continents often matched very closely when the continents were brought together. For example, the Appalachian mountains of eastern North America matched with the Scottish Highlands, and the distinctive rock strata of the Karroo system of South Africa were identical to those of the Santa Catarina system in Brazil”(University of California Museum of Paleontology, 2004-2010). His theory was not accepted at first, it took decades for other scientists to see what he had originally tried to explain when publishing his theory in 1915. The reason his theory was not taken seriously is because there was no explanation for how the continents would move. Because the continents do not fit from shore line to shore line we have to look below the sea level and see where they fit best. The shore line do not stop at the water’s edge they slope into the water, this is called the continental shelf. Down about 100 meters there is a shelf break called the continental slope this is where the true edges of the continents can be found. “In Wegener’s time, the technique of radiometric dating was just being developed, so it was not easy to determine the...
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