...ScienceDirect Journal of Banking & Finance journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jbf Overseas listing as a policy tool: Evidence from China’s H-shares Qian Sun a,⇑, Wilson H.S. Tong b, Yujun Wu c a Department of Finance, School of Management, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China School of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Business and Information Systems, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region c Wealth Management Institute of Lujiazui, Shanghai 200122, China b a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t We investigate why the Chinese government chooses to perform share issue privatization (SIP) of its state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Hong Kong, despite the benefit of facilitating the domestic stock market development if performing SIP in China (Subrahmanyam and Titman, 1999) and the higher cost to list in Hong Kong. We address this issue by arguing that the positive effect of SIPs on the development of the domestic market may have limitations, especially when the domestic market is not well developed and cannot absorb rapid and large-scale SIP activities. To maintain domestic market order, it may be optimal to carry out SIP in overseas markets. Furthermore, by listing shares in developed overseas markets, SOEs from the less developed countries could leverage on the overseas markets’ better accounting, governance, and legal standards. By examining a sample of 92 Chinese firms listed in Hong Kong and the relevant...
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...Introduction 2 Population 2 Economic Structure and Major Industries 2 Major Firms 4 China’s Stock Market 6 China Securities Regulatory Commission 7 Legal Enforcement of IFRS 8 Summary of contents of financial statements 9 Transition Process of Accounting Standards 10 Auditing Standards 11 Full convergence with International Standards 11 Verification of Capital Contribution 13 Comparison of China’s old GAAP and IFRS 14 Accounting Education in China 15 The Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants 15 The CICPA Overview 15 The CICPA Examination 16 Accounting Student 18 China’s Cultural Influences on Accounting 19 Appendix 1. Comparison of CASs and ISAs (As of 2006) 22 Appendix 2. Accounting Firms in China 24 Introduction Population In 2012, China's population amounts to 1.3 billion – an increase of 365 million since 1980. Yet, population is growing at a decelerating pace and should reach its peak in less than two decades. Current methods of population control will be relaxed as the growth of population slows. The fertility rate is presently 1.6 births per female (below replacement level) and is expected to remain at that level in the medium term. The median age is steadily rising and by 2011 it was 35.5years –16.9 years greater than the figure for 1980. In fact, population aging is occurring more quickly in China than in most other countries. The country's working age population will begin to fall by 2017. By 2040, there could...
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...comments from William Allen, Tom Pugel, Myles Shaver, Jordan Siegel, and Changqi Wu. Perspectives on China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment Randall Morck Bernard Yeung Minyuan Zhao Abstract Recent economic data reveal that, at the infant stage, China’s outward foreign direct investment (FDI) is biased towards tax haven countries and South East Asian countries and are mostly conducted by State controlled enterprises with government sanctioned monopoly status. Further examination of China’s savings rate, corporate ownership structures, and bank dominated capital allocation suggests that, although a surge in China’s outward FDI might be economically sensible, the most active players have incentives to conduct excessive outward FDI while capital constraints limit players that most likely have value-creating FDI opportunities. We then discuss plausible firm-level justifications for China’s outward FDI flow, its importance, and promising avenues for further research. I. Introduction Barely thirty years ago, most would consider China a poor agricultural economy. In 2008 China is hosting the Olympics to signal its emergence as a major economic power. This phenomenal development appropriately draws international business scholars’ attention. One especially curious characteristic of China’s development path is a recent surge in its outward foreign direct investment (FDI). Successful and not-so-successful foreign acquisitions by companies...
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... 03-12-13 1.) Research for a company profile of the ff. : -Oil Industry -Media Industry -Telephone Company -Computer OIL INDUSTRY (PETRO CHINA COMPANY) PetroChina Company Limited (“PetroChina”) is the largest oil and gas producer and distributor, playing a dominant role in the oil and gas industry in China. It is not only one of the companies with the biggest sales revenue in China, but also one of the largest oil companies in the world. PetroChina was established as a joint stock company with limited liabilities by China National Petroleum Corporation under the Company Law and the Special Regulations on the Overseas Offering and Listing of Shares by Joint Stock Limited Companies on November 5th, 1999. The American Depositary Shares (ADS) and H shares of PetroChina were listed on the New York Stock Exchange on April 6, 2000 (stock code: PTR) and the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited on April 7, 2000 (stock code: 857) respectively. It was listed on Shanghai Stock Exchange on November 5, 2007 (stock code: 601857). Since the foundation, PetroChina has established and improved standard corporate governance structure, in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations including the Company Law and the Mandatory Provisions for the Articles of Association of Companies to be Listed Overseas and the Articles of Association. The shareholders’ meeting, the Board of Directors and the Supervisory Committee of the Company can operate independently and effectively...
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...Debt Crisis Management of RCom 5. Company Profile 6. Assignment analysis and study A. Reliance Communications has secured loans from a host of Chinese banks to refinance $1.18 billion B. RCom has filed a prospectus with the Singapore Stock Exchange and plans to divest as much as 75% stake in Flag Telecom to raise about $1 Billion i) Background of Reliance Globalcom (Flag Telecom) ii) Cable network of Flag Telecom iii) Solutions offered by Reliance iv) Strategic Move by Reliance to fight with debt crisis C. Reliance Communications has put on hold the initial public offering of its undersea cable unit Flag Telecom in Singapore D. Impact of heavy debt on company's financial credit worthiness and impact of rupee devaluation on overseas loan E. The impact of the high-debt levels has been further compounded because of the steep depreciation of the rupee 7. Impact of Un-hedged foreign currency debts due to rupee devaluation 8. Conclusion INTRODUCTION As a student of International Finance Management (IFM) I am glad to learn the concepts, principles and methodologies of the subject. I am a Telecom professional and working with Reliance communications at Mumbai, I wish to present my IFM assignment on the Debt crisis management by RCom and impact of un-hedged exposure aspects of RCom – a major Telecom Service provider in India. PURPOSE OF THE ASSIGNMENT The purpose of this...
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...xM&A Law Firm LEGAL GUIDE TO DOING BUSINESS IN CHINA CONTENT I. OVERVIEW ...................................1 II. FORMING A COMPANY IN CHINA ................................................................2 III. MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS ................................................................8 IV. TAXATION ...................................12 2011.05 Address: 13th/14th F, Huamin Empire Plaza 726 West Yan An Road, 200050 Shanghai,China Tel: (8621) 52370950 I. OVERVIEW This guide provides foreign investors an overview of the laws and regulations governing business in mainland China. After 30 years law making and reform, in 2010s, China has already promulgated a body of written statutes governing commercial affairs, including company management, employment, making contract etc. There exists an even larger body of implementing regulations and circulars issued by governmental authorities. The law in China often evolves in a piecemeal fashion, with certain regulations applicable experimentally only in certain geographic regions or with the issuance of temporary “interim” regulations that nevertheless have the force of law. The written statutes and regulations are often pitched at a relatively high level of generality, leaving significant discretion to implementing officials. Questions of law are resolved generally directly by the administrative agencies in charge of enforcing those laws, rather than by the courts. V. EMPLOYMENT AND LABOR LAW ......................
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...Chapter 1: The business systems of Asia Variety in the regional and general features Civilizational traditions • Confucianism • Taoism • Buddhism • Islam • Catholicism Historical external influences • Colonies • India establishing trading connections, mostly in South East Asia • Chinese who left China and settled as business people in the countries around the rim of the South China sea Periods: 1. 1945-1975 After the retreat of colonial powers, countries needed to reestablish their identity and political structures → hostility + Maoist experiments in China 2. 1975-1997 Relative calm period, stable growth, export to foreign countries, rise in FDI a. Mao’s death: collapse of communism → socialist market economy b. Japanese miracle c. Impressive growth of the South-Korean economy 3. Ersatz capitalism → Asian crisis in 1997: inefficient use of capital was covered up by the availability of easy money from governments, optimistic foreign investors lured by the emerging markets. The system could not keep up the pretence as it became sensitive to a downturn in the economic cycle which hit the region in 1997. → End of easy money and beginnings of reforms. 4. After 1997, reforms: • Improvements to accountability and disclosure in the financing of industry • Reduction of favoritism and corruption during control of licenses and capital • Opening of markets to foreign competition • Adoption of international standards in accounting, trading, IPR • General rise...
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...tobacco company by market share (after Philip Morris International), and has a leading position in over 50 countries and operations in more than 180 countries. Its brands include Dunhill, Kent, Lucky Strike and Pall Mall. BAT has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. As of 26 December 2011 it had a market capitalization of £59.2 billion, the sixth-largest of any company listed on the London Stock Exchange. It has a secondary listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. They are leading more than 50 countries and have their presence in more than 180 countries with approximately 50,000 employees. BAT is committed to providing consumers with pleasure through excellent products, and to demonstrating that they are meeting their commercial goals in ways that are consistent with reasonable societal expectations of a responsible tobacco group in the 21st century. BAT is designed to deliver their vision and build shareholder value. It is based on growth, funded by productivity and delivered by a winning organization that acts responsibly at all times. History Born international O n 29 September 1902 the UK’s Imperial Tobacco Company and the American Tobacco Company of the United States form a joint venture, the British American Tobacco Company, in a bid to end an intense trade war. Under the agreement, the two companies will not trade in each other’s domestic markets and acquire the right to use each other’s brands and trade...
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...Volume 15 Issue 1 Special Issue: Comparative Corporate Governance 7-1-2003 Article 13 Corporate Governance in Malaysia Kamini Singam Recommended Citation Singam, Kamini (2003) "Corporate Governance in Malaysia," Bond Law Review: Vol. 15: Iss. 1, Article 13. Available at: http://epublications.bond.edu.au/blr/vol15/iss1/13 This Article is brought to you by the Faculty of Law at ePublications@bond. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bond Law Review by an authorized administrator of ePublications@bond. For more information, please contact Bond University's Repository Coordinator. Corporate Governance in Malaysia Abstract This article examines the corporate governance system in Malaysia. A sound corporate governance system should help create an environment conducive to the efficient and sustainable growth in the Malaysian corporate sector. Since the Southeast Asian financial crisis in 1997 – 98 (‘financial crisis’), corporate governance has become a key policy issue confronting many Southeast Asian countries, including Malaysia. This article considers the distinctive problems of corporate governance in Malaysia, despite several steps for reform that have taken place since the financial crisis. There will be a brief discussion on the meaning of corporate governance and an overview of the present status of corporate governance in Malaysia, in particular after the financial crisis. Keywords corporate governance, Malaysia, Southeast Asian financial crisis This...
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...CHAPTER 5 COMPARATIVE ACCOUNTING Chapter Outline China I. There are some unique features in the accounting profession in China. They include the following: A. Until the 1980s, those who carried out accounting work were not held in high regard in society, and this has had an adverse effect on the development of the accounting profession in China. B. Accounting and auditing in China have taken different paths in their development processes. Auditing firms audited mainly domestic companies, and were under the State Administration of Audit (SAA), whereas accounting firms focused on companies using foreign investments and were sponsored by the Ministry of Finance. C. Unlike in the U.K., where there was a good legislative and judicial environment during the early stages of the development of the profession, in China, a market-oriented legislative and judicial environment is still emerging. D. Unlike in the U.K., where auditors receive support from the established professional bodies, these support mechanisms are still lacking in China. II. The recent economic reform program stimulated the growth of the accounting profession in China. A. With the recognition by the State of joint stock company form, the demands for financial information from investors and other interested parties increased. B. The establishment of two stock exchanges helped rapid growth of the accounting activities. C. Various government regulations...
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...(Incorporated in the Cayman Islands with limited liability) (Stock Code: 2331) Mission Through sports, we inspire people the desire and power to make breakthroughs Corporate Profile Li Ning Company Limited is one of the leading sports brand enterprises in the PRC, possessing brand marketing, research and development, design, manufacturing, distribution and retail capabilities. The Group’s products mainly include footwear, apparel, accessories and equipment for sport and leisure uses under its own LI-NING brand. The Group has established an extensive supply chain management system, and a distribution and retail network in the PRC primarily through outsourcing of manufacturing operations and distribution via franchised agents. The Group also directly manages retail stores for the LI-NING brand. The Group adopts a multi-brand business development strategy. In addition to its core LI-NING brand, the Group distributes sports products under its Z-DO brand via hypermarket channel. The Group has established a joint venture with AIGLE under which the joint venture has been granted an exclusive right by AIGLE to manufacture, market, distribute and sell outdoor sports products under the French brand AIGLE for 50 years in the PRC. The Group has a controlling interest in Shanghai Double Happiness, which together with its subsidiaries are principally engaged in manufacture, research and development, marketing and sale of table tennis and other sports equipment under the Double Happiness...
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...Annual Report 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 3 4 6 11 15 15 21 23 24 24 25 29 29 CORPORATE INFORMATION FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT DIRECTORS AND COMPANY SECRETARY SENIOR MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS Performance Review Corporate Debt and Financial Conditions Treasury Policies Investment Properties Valuations Financial Assets Held for Trading – Trading Securities Development Programmes Disposal and Dilution of Interest Management Contracts for Hotels Owned by Third Parties 30 30 Prospects Human Resources 185 186 90 92 85 86 87 32 33 62 81 83 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 88 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FIVE YEAR SUMMARY ABBREVIATIONS CORPORATE INFORMATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS Executive Directors Mr KUOK Khoon Ean (Chairman and CEO) Mr LUI Man Shing (Deputy Chairman) Mr Madhu Rama Chandra RAO (CFO) Mr Gregory Allan DOGAN (COO) Non-executive Directors Mr HO Kian Guan Mr Roberto V ONGPIN Mr HO Kian Hock (alternate to Mr HO Kian Guan) Independent Non-executive Directors Mr Alexander Reid HAMILTON Mr Timothy David DATTELS Mr WONG Kai Man Mr Michael Wing-Nin CHIU Professor LI Kwok Cheung Arthur EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Mr KUOK Khoon...
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...source materials have been used, these have been acknowledged. Word Count: Student Name: __________________ Signature: ______________________ Date of Submission:______________ Acknowledgement This is my first time to go aboard for studying. During different campus life in the UK, it is wonderful with deep impression. I learned how to use my internal power to make things happen and how to live my own life. All efforts contribute to my growth, but I cannot forget people who encourage and help me. Probably, I am not happy to study in my whole postgraduate time without support. Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisor 你导师的名字. He helps me develop the ideas and complete this dissertation. Especially, when I make a survey in China, I communicate with him through email. Sometimes, I am afraid that my timetable could have bad effects on him. However, he usually gives me feedback as soon as possible. Therefore, I only use 20 days to finish my survey. This kind of strong professional ethic is worth to learn for me in the future. Secondly, I am truly grateful for all teacher lectures who taught me. With your support, I had a great time in University of Glamorgan. Thirdly, I thank my parents sincerely for giving me huge money to further my study. I will forever remember their kindness. Table of Contents Executive Summary 6 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 8 1.1 Research Background 9 1.2...
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...The Transformation of China from an Emerging Economy to a Global Powerhouse James R. Barth, Gerard Caprio Jr., and Triphon Phumiwasana Abstract Throughout the past three decades of fast growth, China has undergone tremendous structural changes in its economy and financial system. This chapter examines China’s evolving financial landscape so as to assess whether it can catch up with or even drive economic growth. China has achieved remarkable growth over the past quarter of a century despite a relatively inefficient financial system. Just as the public sector around the world has not proved to be an efficient manager of enterprises, it also has not been an efficient manager of banks. A solution that would seem to work in theory would be to grow the private sector’s role in the banking system, using banks that operate on market principles as a way to continually starve inefficient enterprises of credit, while supplying credit to the productive enterprises. Finding a way to make this work in practice will require both finesse and good fortune on a scale commensurate with China’s growing importance in the world economy. Keywords Bank Á Banking sector Á Financial market Á Big Four Á GDP Á Economic growth Á Financial system Á Trade Á Renminbi Á Exchange rate Á India Á Foreign exchange reserve Á Non-performing loan 1 Introduction China has captured the attention of the world with its unprecedented growth for such a big country during the past 30 years. At an average rate of 9...
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...9-209-001 REV: NOVEMBER 3, 2010 C. FRITZ FOLEY ROBIN GREENWOOD JAMES QUINN NEC Electronics In early July 2007, Alp Ercil, Managing Partner and portfolio manager of Perry Capital’s (“Perry”) Asian portfolio, was considering options for how best to manage the $150 million position his firm had in NEC Electronics (NECE), the semiconductor subsidiary of Japanese electronics conglomerate NEC. In recent days, the NECE subsidiary had garnered Ercil’s full attention. On the heels of attending NECE’s annual meeting, he had learned that the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) was placing NECE on a watchlist for possible delisting due to its concentrated ownership structure. To Ercil, this was yet another sign that the investment was not going as planned - the stock was down considerably since Perry initiated the position in late 2005 (see Exhibit 1). Ercil took a moment to reflect on the recent history with NECE. When Perry Capital made the initial investment in 2005, Ercil had every expectation for success. Ercil’s team felt that NECE’s microcontroller unit (“MCU”) business,1 which supplied chips to major automobile manufacturers, operated at a world-class level with high growth potential and solid margins. NECE’s Computing, Consumer and Discrete businesses were generally competitive. However, the Communications business, which supplied semiconductors for mobile phones, appeared to be a constant drag on NECE’s cash flow and earnings. Specifically, Perry believed that NECE...
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