...Obesity rates have been increasing over recent decades in all industrialised countries. Obesity is defined as the accumulation of excessive fat in the body. Therefore, this essay will provide an overview of current obesity rates in Australia, the estimated cost of obesity to the nation and five characteristics of desirable tax will be analyzed. Firstly, an overview of current obesity rates in Australia. Figure 1 shows that the recent obesity rate is higher than before. According to figure 2, it shows that by 2025, a total of 4.6 million Australians (18.3% of the population) are projected to be obese Secondly, the estimated cost of obesity to the nation. Table 1: shows that the financial cost of obesity in 2008 was estimated as $8.283 billion. Of this, 44% were productivity costs, 24% were health system costs, 23% were carers costs, 9% were DWL from transfers and 1% were other indirect. Finally, the five characteristics of desirable tax on discourage the eating of unhealthy food. The first characteristic is economic efficiency. Economic efficiency is the principle of taxation that suggests that a tax system should not be distortionary (Frijters, Dulleck and Torgler. 2010). Obesity is inelastic demand, therefore, putting fat tax on unhealthy food is not efficient. It is as same as putting tax on cigarette. At the end same result will be appeared. Either eating unhealthy food or smoking, people will no change their habits very soon but it will affect a little on people. ...
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...Methodology: As noted above, the highest (and best) level of transparency with the least perceived corruption is indicated by the number, 1. The lower (and worse) levels of transparency are indicated by higher numbers -- 100 and above. According to Transparency International, the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) table shows a country's ranking and score, the number of surveys used to determine the score, and the confidence range of the scoring. The rank shows how one country compares to others included in the index. The CPI score indicates the perceived level of public-sector corruption in a country/territory. The CPI is based on 13 independent surveys. However, not all surveys include all countries. The surveys used column indicates how many surveys were relied upon to determine the score for that country. The confidence range indicates the reliability of the CPI scores and tells us that allowing for a margin of error, we can be 90% confident that the true score for this country lies within this range. Note: Kosovo, which separated from the Yugoslav successor state of Serbia, is not listed above. No calculation is available for Kosovo at this time, however, a future corruption index by Transparency International may include the world's newest country in its tally. Taiwan has been listed above despite its contested status; while Taiwan claims sovereign status, China claims ultimate jurisdiction over Taiwan. Hong Kong, which is also under the rubric of...
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...http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-and-lending-groups * The CIA World Fact Book can provide a brief overview of many of the criteria listed below https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/ * Transparency International posts a country Corruptions Ranking every year http://www.transparency.org/cpi2014/results Criterion You should use the 7 criteria from the course textbook to structure your profile (pg 64): 1. Type of economy: Is the nation an advanced industrial state, an emerging economy, a transition economy, or a developing nation? 2. Type of government: Is the nation ruled by a monarchy, a dictatorship, or a tyrant? Is the nation dominated by another state, or is it a democracy with a multiparty system? Is it an unstable or terrorist nation? 3. Trade and capital flows: Is the nation characterized by almost completely free trade or incomplete free trade and is it part of a trading bloc? 4. The commanding heights: (e.g. the transportation, communications and energy sectors) Are these sectors state owned and operated? Is there a mix of state and private ownership? Are they all private, with or without controlled prices? 5. Services provided by the state and funded through taxes: Are pensions health care and education provided? Do privatized systems dominate? 6. Institutions: Is the nation characterized by transparency, standards, the absence of corruption, and the presence of a free press and strong courts? Or is corruption...
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...implementation of IFRS, the main trend of adoption of IFRS has not changed (Whitehouse, 2012). IFRS have also been adopted elsewhere. The purpose of this report is that estimate the market reactions of the UK when the UK market has adopted the IFRS. 1.2 Overview The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section II discusses the background of IFRS adoption in Europe. Section III reviews prior research and provides the basis for interpreting the market reaction to each event. Section IV describes our data and research design. Section V presents our empirical results, and Section VI presents sensitivity analyses. Section VII concludes. Literature review Debates about financial reporting and accounting standards can seem arcane, tedious and irrelevant. However the current debate about whether IFRS drove banker recklessness is getting interesting. The aims of the literature review to discuss how the accounting standards transform into IFRS in the UK market. It has been debated hotly in financial statements. Some people have remained the positive attitudes to IFRS. Armstrong et al (2009) suggest that IFRS is highly quality financial reporting relative to application of domestic standards that improve transparency of financial reports and harmonizes accounting. Moreover,...
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...International University 2013 VIETNAM FIXED INCOME MARKET Project for Fixed Income Securities course Hàn Khánh Phương Dương Khánh Ngọc Nguyễn Kim Ngân Nguyễn Phúc Trọng Phạm Lương Nữ Hoàng Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW THE VIETNAM FIXED INCOME MARKET 3 II. TIMELINE 4 III. VIETNAM’S PRIMARY MARKET AND SECONDARY MARKET 5 IV. STATE OF FIXED INCOME MARKET IN VIETNAM 6 I. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW THE VIETNAM FIXED INCOME MARKET The bond market (also known as the credit, or fixed income market) is a financial market where participants can issue new debt, known as the primary market, or buy and sell debt securities, known as the Secondary market, usually in the form of bonds. The primary goal of the bond market is to provide a mechanism for long term funding of public and private expenditures. The "bond market" usually refers to the government bond market, because of its size, liquidity, relative lack of credit risk and, therefore, sensitivity to interest rates. Because of the inverse relationship between bond valuation and interest rates, the bond market is often used to indicate changes in interest rates or the shape of the yield curve. The yield curve is the measure of "cost of funding". The Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA) classify the broader bond market into five specific bond markets. * Corporate * Government & agency. * Municipal * Mortgage...
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...Gestione dell'innovazione 2/ed Melissa A. Schilling Copyright © 2009 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl CHAPTER 1 The Importance of Technological Innovation SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTER The purpose of this chapter is to set the stage for the course by establishing the importance of managing technological innovation strategically. First the chapter overviews the importance of technological innovation for a firm’s competitive success and the advancement of society in general. The chapter points out that 1) many firms are relying on products developed in the previous three to five years for large portions of their sales and profits; 2) globalization has increased competition putting more pressure on firms to compete through innovation; 3) advances in information technology have enabled both process improvements and the efficient generation of product variants which facilitates the execution of a differentiation strategy at a reasonable cost; and that 3) the residual growth in the GDP can be attributed to technological change. Both the positive and negative effects of technological innovation are described. Advances in food production are an example of the first and pollution is an example of the latter. Next the innovation funnel is introduced to show students that on average 3,000 raw ideas must enter the funnel in order to arrive at 1 successful new product launch. Gestione dell'innovazione 2/ed Melissa A. Schilling Copyright © 2009 - The McGraw-Hill Companies srl ...
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...Corporate Governance | Should accountability, transparency and effective risk management be regarded as the most important principles of Corporate Governance? | | What actually corporate governance is and how it actually affects a corporation? What are the main players playing a part in corporate governance? These are the questions one must understand in order to see the role of principles like accountability, transparency and effective risk management in corporate governance. So corporate governance is defined as “the relationship between a company’s shareholders, directors, and management as defined by the corporate charter, bylaws, formal policy, and rule of law”. (Gallegos, 2004, p. 37). This definition clearly shows the relationship of a company’s shareholder, directors and management. But this definition is only limited to what are the main players of corporate governance. In order to understand its impact on a corporation or company, ASX defines it as, “Corporate governance is the system by which companies are directed and managed. It influences how the objectives of the company are set and achieved, how risk is monitored and assessed, and how performance is optimized. Good corporate governance structures encourage companies to create value (through entrepreneurism, innovation, development and exploration) and provide accountability and control systems commensurate with the risks involved’. (ASX Principles of Good Corporate Governance and Best Practices...
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...Consultants: General Overview of Delta Airlines Strategy COMPANY’S SANDBOX High rivalry makes industry unattractive Profitability increasing, but still below cost of capital Consolidation trend has reduced rivals helping profits DELTA’S CURRENT STRATEGY Trainer refinery acquisition: using vertical integration to address Delta’s largest expense Metrics of improving flight completions, on-time arrival rate and decreasing mishandled bag to address customer satisfaction RECOMMENDATIONS • Trainer refinery: mitigate risks for success. • Customer satisfaction: domestic differentiation strategy and international best in class strategy Overview Industry Company Strategy Conclusions Review 2 The Airline Industry: At a Glance Across the Industry • Slow, but positive, global GDP growth • More financially-stable U.S. airline industry as merger integrations mature and restructured carriers emerge • U.S. carriers maintain capacity restraint with growth less than GDP • Inflationary pressures across all categories, with industry capacity discipline allowing for recovery of higher cost inputs • Corporate travel demand remains solid with corporate travel spend to increase 5% for 2014 Overview Industry Company Strategy Conclusions Review 3 Industry profitability improving, but returns still below WACC Profits have been improving in the past three years… …but the industry is still not having economic profits Overview Industry ...
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... 2012 Cisco CSR Report Website How to Use This Report We Welcome Your Feedback C1 Supply Chain Overview Our Supply Chain Embedding Sustainability in Core Business Processes Partnering with Suppliers to Improve Performance and Build Capability Working with Industry Groups Watch the Video! Supply Chain We expect our suppliers to meet the same high standards on ethics, labor rights, health and safety, and the environment that we apply to our own people and operations. Cisco works closely with suppliers to manage these sustainability issues and improve their performance throughout the supply chain and at every stage of the lifecycle of our products. We look to use our relationships with our network of suppliers and peer companies to multiply the impact we can have on sustainability in the information and communications technology (ICT) supply chain. 2012 Cisco CSR Report < Previous View 2012 Cisco CSR Report Website How to Use This Report We Welcome Your Feedback C2 Supply Chain > Overview Our Supply Chain Embedding Sustainability in Core Business Processes Partnering with Suppliers to Improve Performance and Build Capability Working with Industry Groups Overview These first five pages give readers an overview of Cisco’s objectives, key challenges, progress, and performance with regard to Supply Chain. We have used this overview as part of our Executive Summary, which can be downloaded here. We focus our performance monitoring, audit...
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...Market - Global And China Forecast, Share, Size, Growth And Industry Analysis 2017 USD 4315.5 • • • • Flat 10% Discount!! Free Customization as per your requirement You will get Custom Report at Syndicated Report price Report will be delivered with in 15-20 working days Transparency Market Research State Tower, 90, State Street, Suite 700. Albany, NY 12207 United States www.transparencymarketresearch.com sales@transparencymarketresearch.com Request Sample Buy Now REPORT DESCRIPTION Logistics industry has grown multifold as the barriers on trade has been reduced facilitating both domestic as well as international trade. A wide variety of consumer goods, gadgets, furniture and other items are been sent across the globe. Apart from government support the advances in various methods of transportation is driving the logistics market. Among all the geographies North America and Europe is leading the market, whereas logistics as an industry is gaining importance and growing in Asia Pacific countries like India and China. Browse Full Report with TOC: http://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/logistics-market.html The report contains the global scenario of Logistics market discussing detailed overview and market figures. The research report analyses the industry growth rate, industry capacity, and industry structure. The report analyses the historical data and forecasts the Logistics market size, production forecasts along with key factors driving and restraining the market...
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...1. 1. Presented By: Ansh Aggarwal Kuhu Pathak Varun Nigam 2. 2. Difficult road for Mia Foster, New CEO Introduction I Company Overview I Market Analysis I Industry Analysis I Problems Plan of Action I Recommended Approach I Conclusion Lack of internal mgt exposure Wall street’s confiden ce Stock Price Chen’s Attitude China’s Local taste GAAP Cost 3. 3. Company Overview Introduction I Company Overview I Market Analysis I Industry Analysis I ProblemsI Plan of Action I Recommended Approach I Conclusion - Mia replacing departing founder/CEO of the company - 3500 quick casual - Franchised - Publicly traded - Flexible marketing and menus in America - Domestic demand - High quality fast food - Customer oriented policies - Risk taker - Organic ingredients - Keeping up to date (CCO) - Interior design Forget today’s profit. Have a positive impact on customers U.S.A 4. 4. Market Analysis Introduction I Company Overview I Market Analysis I Industry Analysis I Problems I Plan of Action I Recommended Approach I Conclusion Increasing GDP Stock Market Speculation Lucrative Market Sticking to strategy of international expansion To check the untapped potential Success of competitors like KFC , Mc Donald Local market Saturation Why China ? 5. 5. Industry Analysis Introduction I Company Overview I Market Analysis I Industry Analysis I Problems I Plan of Action I Recommended Approach I Conclusion China : Food intake is increasing Eating habits are different than Americans Largest producer...
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...PO 4008: African Politics: Development and Democracy Staffan I. Lindberg: Forms of States, Governance, and Regimes: Reconceptualizing the Prospects for Democratic Consolidation in Africa Prof Tom Lodge 16th of March 2015 Introduction In this review essay I will focus on arguments imposed by Staffan I. Lindberg, in his article Forms of States, Governance, and Regimes: Reconceptualizing the Prospects for Democratic Consolidation in Africa. For the purpose of this essay I have selected two African countries (Ghana and the Republic of South Africa) that belong to most developed ones, in terms of their ability to accomplish the process of democratization. If we try to apply Lindberg’s three structural layers system to the chosen states we have to follow the structure of his method. In this regard, firstly we need to identify processes which will inevitably lead to democratization. In such a state we should expect a gradual change in the state form, from capstonian to more penetrative form of state, as Lindberg suggests. To do so we need to identify in which ways and areas is state penetrating society. 1. Forms of States According to Lindberg, there are two most common approaches to the study of African transformation processes. First theory is based on structural determinants of democratization, the second is underlying the importance of actor- oriented analyses. Lindberg distinguishes three structural layers of the state, on the basis of which we can identify the democratization...
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...1) Better access to foreign capital markets and investment -Eliminating barriers to cross border investing Accounting information has a significant influences on the behaviour of investors and financial capital markets. The implementation of IFRS for financial reporting in Australia has allowed for better access to foreign capital markets and investment, eliminating barriers to cross border investing. The major benefits include the potential for lesser information asymmetry (Horton, Serafeim and Serafeim, 2012), improved reporting transparency, reduced information costs, increased comparability, accountability and increase in the quality of financial reporting (Ahmed, Neel and Wang, 2013). Therefore markets become more completive and efficient, benefiting investors. A major prospective benefit of implementation of IFRS for financial reporting is the increase in accounting comparability. The enhanced comparability is brought together though increased quality and convergence of accounting standards particularly in areas such as Fair value measurements, business combinations and revenue recognition (Jordan, 2013). The increased comparability hence allows Australian business to facilitate lower costs of capital and have better access foreign capital markets and cross-border investing. On the contrary however comparability may become worse in situations where IFRS implementation is not mandatory and countries have two varying accounting standards. Furthermore the full scope of...
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...Corruption: The Most Pressing Problem in Exporting and Importing 2013-2017 1 Corruption: An Overview Corruption exists all over the world, regardless of how social conservative, religious, or developed a nation may be. While some countries have taken an active approach to outlaw the practice, others have embraced the habit as a method in which to conduct business. Because of this disparity there are varying degrees of how prevalent corruption is by country. Transparency International, a global coalition against corruption, defines corruption as “the abuse of entrusted power for private gain” (Transparency International, 2012). As such, corruption is not limited to just one form or one sector of society and is a complex social issue that does not lend itself to an easy solution. Due to the nature of corruption it is difficult to quantify just how much money is lost to the practice each year. It is not until an organization is discovered engaging in corruption that a value can be placed on it. However, those are isolated incidents and the amount of money involved varies from one case to the next. A report in Global Financial Integrity stated that “illicit outflows increased from $1.06 trillion in 2006 to approximately $1.26 trillion in 2008” (Kar & Curcio, 2011). Illicit outflows consist of corruption, tax evasion, theft and embezzlement. Due to “abuse of entrusted power” corruption is difficult to measure and contain because of the human...
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...Please help improve this article by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page. (October 2010) The Financial Stability Board (FSB) is an international body that monitors and makes recommendations about the global financial system. It was established after the 2009 G-20 London summit in April 2009 as a successor to the Financial Stability Forum. The Board includes all G-20 major economies, FSF members, Spain, and the European Commission. It is based in Basel, Switzerland.[1] Contents [hide] 1 Background 2 Overview 3 Notes 4 References 5 External links [edit]Background The Financial Stability Board emerged from the Financial Stability Forum (FSF), a group of finance ministries, central bankers, and international financial bodies. The FSF was founded in 1999 to promote international financial stability, after discussions among Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors of the G7 countries, and a study which they commissioned.[2] The FSF facilitated discussion and co-operation on supervision and surveillance of financial institutions, transactions and events. FSF was managed by a small secretariat housed at the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland.[3] The FSF membership included about a dozen nations who participate through their central banks, financial ministries and departments, and securities regulators, including: the United States, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Canada, Australia, the Netherlands and...
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