...Ozone is a gas found in the upper atmosphere and at ground level of the Earth’s surface. Ozone will mainly be found in two regions of the Earth’s atmosphere closer to our Earth. About 10% of Ozone is found in the region that starts from ground level of the earth known as the troposphere. According to scientific research findings this region of the earth’s atmosphere (troposphere) contains ozone that could be either good or bad depending on how closer it is to the surface of the Earth. The principle of ozone to nearer earth is that ozone is ‘’good up high’’ and ‘’bad nearby’’. Most of the ozone, that is, about 90% is found in the next atmosphere called stratosphere which starts about 10 and 17 kilometres above the Earth’s surface and extending up to about 50 kilometres. Generally Ozone gas is beneficial to human and other life on earth. It is ‘’chemically reactive oxidizing agent that is used as an air purifier, a water steriliser, and a bleaching agent’’. The Ozone in the stratosphere region forms what is known as the Ozone layer. Chemically ozone gas with a formula (O3) is formed from molecular oxygen (O2) in the stratosphere at an attitude of about 25km by the action of ultraviolet frequency photons .The formula O3 for ozone gas means the ‘’ozone molecules consists of three actions of oxygen arranged in the shape of wide V’’ .Scientific research also indicate that the ‘’name ozone is derived from the Greek word ozein, which means to smell or reek’’. THE IMPORTANCE OF OZONE...
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...GS1140 Global Warming & the Ozone Layer Scientific studies have shown that tons of greenhouse gases being produced are destroying our planet. Greenhouse gases are constantly rising into earth’s atmosphere and destroying the ozone layer causing global warming. The rise of the temperature on earth puts vegetation, marine life, and human life in serious danger. Generally, holes in the ozone layer are the cause of global warming which has catastrophic effects on our planet. The ozone is in two areas of earth’s atmosphere, the troposphere and the stratosphere. The role of the ozone layer is to absorb most of the UV radiation from reaching the earth’s surface that comes from the sun. There are tons of greenhouse gases produced every year making holes in earth’s ozone layer, which cause harm to all life forms on earth. There are 2.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide pollution produced by power plants in the United States alone that are being released into the atmosphere destroying our ozone layer which blocks UV radiation from the sun. These UV radiation are harmful to human life, causing increased health issues such as, more skin problems, severe eye conditions and weakening of the immune system. Similar health effects are found in domestic and wild animals also. These effects are also dangerous for marine life because the increase in UV radiation causes damage to marine plant life and fish. The UV radiation affects many materials we use on a daily basis, such as fabrics...
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...Air pollution creates these seasonal holes in the ozone layer. The ozone layer is a layer made of ozone (O3) about 12 to 30 miles above the earth that shields the earth’s surface and the plants from dangerous levels of UV radiation from the sun (Sandak). Ozone is a gaseous form of oxygen with three oxygen atoms per molecule, formed by electrical discharge in oxygen. An ozone hole is a hole in ozone layer or an area of the upper atmosphere where the ozone layer is absent or has become unusually thin. An ozone hole or the depletion of ozone is mostly caused by chlorine gas, fluorine gas, and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). CFC propellants used in some spray cans appear to be doing the damage. So basically the ozone holes have caused over time, when humans release these gases they go in the atmosphere and weaken the layer that cause the formation of the holes. Few people might see nothing wrong with this, but at closer examination the ozone holes let in UV rays that can be very dangerous for earth’s inhabitants. The rays can cause skin cancer to human and kill plants with its radiation...
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...The ozone hole is a man-made hole in the ozone layer above the South Pole during the Southern Hemisphere’s spring. The ozone layer, which lies high up in the atmosphere, shields us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays that come from the sun. Unfortunately we punched a hole in it, through the use of gases like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in spray cans and refrigerants, which break down ozone molecules in the upper atmosphere. While some of the sun’s UV rays slip through the hole, they account for less than one percent of the sun’s energy. So these UV rays cannot explain the global warming of the planet. The sun's output of UVB does not change; rather, less ozone means less protection, and hence more UVB reaches the Earth. Studies have shown that in the Antarctic, the amount of UVB measured at the surface can double during the annual ozone hole. The Earth's ozone layer protects all life from the sun's harmful radiation. Less protection from ultraviolet light will, over time, lead to higher skin cancer and cataract rates and crop damage. “Global warming” refers to the long-term warming of the planet. Global temperature shows a well-documented rise since the early 20th century and most notably since the late 1970s. Worldwide, since 1880 the average surface temperature has gone up by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), relative to the mid-20th-century baseline (of 1951-1980). References http://climate.nasa.gov/effects/ http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/science/basics.htm...
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...In the short story “Job History” written by Annie Proulx, we follow Leeland Lee from the time of his birth, until he is about fifty years old. In the short story we follow Leeland through his harsh life, with ups and downs, in the form of thoughts, feelings, incidents, etc. Leeland is born in a ranch in Wyoming, and lives there with his wife Lori. Leeland does not look particularly good, in fact he is a very unattractive man; (page 91, line 12)“Leeland’s face shows heavy bones from his mother’s side. His neck is thick and his red-gold hair plastered down in bangs. Even as a child his eyes are as pouchy as those of a middle-age alcoholic, the brows rod-straight above wandering out-of-line eyes. His nose lies broad and close to his face, his mouth seems to have been cut with a single chisel blow into easy flesh” I liked that it was short and to the point but at the same time I wish that some of the details would have gone a little bit deeper than just brushing the surface.Leeland's story was less of a recollection and more of a list of facts. In those few pages, we are told where he came from and what he has become. We are shown the type...
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...global warming, and if they are not rectified, or at least prevented from here on out there are going to be some severe ramifications in the near future. Greenhouse gases, holes in the ozone layer and the decay of the atmosphere are just a few of the problems that need to be at the very least understood by the general populace. Greenhouse gases are chemical compounds that are found in the atmosphere. Because of their chemical make up, they allow energy from the sun to enter the atmosphere freely. “When sunlight strikes the Earth’s surface, some of it is reflected back towards space as infrared radiation (heat). Greenhouse gases absorb this infrared radiation and trap the heat in the atmosphere. Over time, the amount of energy sent from the sun to the Earth’s surface should be about the same as the amount of energy radiated back into space, leaving the temperature of the Earth’s surface roughly constant.” (Greenhouse gases, climate change, and energy) So this heat that is formed in these gases merely sits there and radiates more heat than it should. Another great concern to everyone on earth should be the hole in the ozone that is above Antarctica. Last recorded in September of 2000, the hole was 28.3 million square kilometers. (Antarctica’s Record-setting Ozone Hole) Such a hole in the ozone allow rays from the sun to enter undiluted into our atmosphere with their unhampered intensity. Since this hole is present in one of the coldest parts of the world, where there is so...
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...The ozone layer diminishes more each year. As the area of polar ozone depletion (commonly called the ozone hole) gets larger, additional ultraviolet rays are allowed to pass through. These rays cause cancer, cataracts, and lowered immunity to diseases.1 What causes the depletion of the ozone layer? In 1970, Crutzen first showed that nitrogen oxides produced by decaying nitrous oxide from soil-borne microbes react catalytically with ozone hastening its depletion. His findings started research on "global biogeochemical cycles" as well as the effects of supersonic transport aircraft that release nitrogen oxide into the stratosphere.2 In 1974, Molina and Rowland found that human-made chlorofluorocarbons used for making foam, cleaning fluids, refrigerants, and repellents transform into ozone-depleting agents.3 Chlorofluorocarbons stay in the atmosphere for several decades due to their long tropospheric lifetimes. These compounds are carried into the stratosphere where they undergo hundreds of catalytic cycles with ozone.4 They are broken down into chlorine atoms by ultraviolet radiation.5 Chlorine acts as the catalyst for breaking down atomic oxygen and molecular ozone into two molecules of molecular oxygen. The basic set of reactions that involve this process are: Cl + O3 -->ClO + O2 and ClO + O -->Cl + O2 The net result: O3 + O -->2O2 Chlorine...
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...GLOBAL WARMING The Ozone Layer absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun protecting all living organisms below from the dangerous radiation. The Ozone Hole is an area of weakness or depletion in the protective cover of the Ozone Layer over the North and South Pole. Scientist discovered in the 1980’s that the ozone layer was thinning at an alarming rate. This phenomenon was caused by chemicals that came from spray cans and refrigerants or in other words, CFC’s (chemical compounds with chlorine and fluorine attached to a carbon0. These chemicals can remain in our atmosphere for decades breaking down our ozone layer. The people, animals and plants that live under the weakening of the ozone layer have an increased chance of radiation poisoning from the sun where it reaches the surface of the earth and can cause eye damage and skin damage, etc. The Ozone Hole is not the cause of Global Warming. The radiation from the sun only accounts for 1% of the energy from the sun and not enough to cause an increase in heat. The increase in temperature comes from the release of too much carbon into our atmosphere from coal, gas and oil burned to generate electricity or to fuel our cars and planes. These gases spread around the Earth like a blanket, capturing the solar heat that is supposed to radiate out into space. It is the reverse of a Volcano that erupts and sends out ash into the atmosphere. This ash can reflect the solar hear away from the surface causing temperatures to plummet. The...
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...International Environmental Diplomacy: Canada’s Actions in the Stockholm Convention, the Basel Convention, and the Montreal Protocol Canada’s Role in Global Environmental Governance According to John Kirton, a University of Toronto political science professor, “Canada has long been a successful pioneer in generating multilateral environmental agreements and and institutions for the global community, and its legacy…generates exceptional domestic unity and international respect” (Abstract). Canada’s respect for the environment stems from its profound understanding of the impact other countries have had on its own lands, fisheries, and other natural resources over the years. Canada’s role in global environmental governance (GEP), then, has always been large and well-defined; as Tanner put it, “Canada has taken a leading role” (p. 1). Canada and the Basel Convention The Basel Convention of 1989 was signed on March 22 of that year, and now includes 172 countries. The Basel Convention was based on concern about the transboundary movement and the disposal of hazardous wastes which was first raise in the late 1970s and early 1980s (Government of Canada, “Basel Convention”). Canada was a part of the Convention’s development and one off its original signatories; Canada also participated in global environmental governance (GEP) by using the Export and Import of Hazardous Waste Regulations (a prior governing law known as EIHWR) to enforce hazardous waste laws already in effect (Government...
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...application of the scientific method could have helped the problem. * Address any alternative solutions beyond the scientific method. * Format your analysis consistent with APA guidelines. * * * There are two forms of animals that are important in the environment of the Antarctic: microscopic photosynthetic algae (also referred as Marine algae) and herbivores, tiny shrimp-like krill. According to Raven, P, Berg, L., & Hassenzahi, D. (2010), there are some environmental problems associated to the case in point, “How Humans have affected the Antarctic Food Web”. Some of these environmental problems are with the thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica, the hunting of whales, global climate change, and human harvest of krill. (p. 59). This paper is prepared to help to identify where humankind’s activities have been careless with the environment where they are unintended consequences. Also, explained is how scientific or technological activities are exacerbating or improving the existing situation, discussions on how a proper application of the scientific method could help the problem, and point out any alternative solution...
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...presentation on ozone layer depletion. You are with..( j jar jar nam and ID bolbe). Dn Tanvir bolbe, we all belong to 21st batch of finance dept, university of Dhaka. Let the show start… Snigdha : assalamualaikum, welcome all to worlds’ environmental news, I am snigdha jannat ,ur news reader. Today we have got some bad news for the world. Many disastrous things are happening with people and other lively elements because of environment change. These are some documentary pictures collected by our reporters. Lets come to know about all these through our reporter Saifuddin bhuiyan.. Shobuj : hello snigdha. Snigdha : hello shobuj..what is the reaction of people? Shobuj : the reactions of people are very high. People are trembling with fear. Mr. Tanvir Rahman, a common citizen of Ghana is with us, lets see his reaction. Tanvir : I don’t know what has happened to my friends and acquainted people. They have got problem in their eyes, skin and taking breathe. Doctors have said that its because of ultra violate sunrays. But I don’t understand how can sunrays cause harm where it gives life to the trees and energy to us.!!! I don’t know why bad things happen to good people!! Shobuj : u can see snigdha he is quite afraid and upset with the existing situation. Lets get to the conference of the scientist held in Ghana to know the actual reason behind all these. Shaon : welcome at today’s conference. This is our world revolving around the sun 24/7. This is the shield of the world. The ozone layer...
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...purpose of this paper is to identify any unintended consequences of humankind’s activities that have led to environmental problems, describe how scientific or technological activities are exacerbating or improving the existing situation, discuss how a proper application of the scientific method could have helped the problem, and address any alternative solution beyond the scientific method. Unintended consequences There are multiple human activities that have led to environmental problems. The first is the thinning of the ozone layer. This is the cause of man-made compounds, such as halocarbons. The Global Climate Change and Ozone Layer Protection (2005) website states “Halocarbons are formed when halogen gases such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine become attached to carbon. The smaller halocarbons turn into a gas quite easily and are the prime suspects in ozone depletion (What causes Ozone Layer Depletion?, para. 2). The depletion to the ozone layer leads to a global climate change. Raven, P., Berg, L., and Hassenzahl, D. (2010) explain: “As the water has warmed in recent decades around Antarctica, less pack ice has formed during winter months. Large numbers of marine algae are found in and around the pack ice, providing a critical supply of food for the krill, which reproduce in the area” (How humans have affected the Antarctic food web, para. 5). Because there is less krill, this causes the food chain to be disturbed. As the years pass with a lowered amount of krill...
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...TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….3 Land Act……………………………………………………………………………………..3 Water Act…………………………………………………………………………………….4 Forest Act…………………………………………………………………………………….5 International Convention of Environment……………………………………………………6 References…………………………………………………………………………………….9 INTRODUCTION Environmental Laws are the standards that governments establish to manage natural resources and environmental quality. The broad categories of ‘natural resources” and “environment quality” include such areas as air and water pollution, forest and wildlife, hazardous waste, agricultural practices, wetlands, and land use planning. The promulgation of the Kenya Constitution, 2010 marked an important chapter in Kenya environmental policy development. Hailed as a green Constitution, it embodies elaborate provisions with considerable implications for sustainable development. These range from environmental principles and implications of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) to the right to clean and healthy environment enshrined in the Bill of Rights. This paper will highlight on the Water Act, Land Act, Forest Act and International Convention of environment (Mohammed,2012). LAND ACT Land resources are finite, fragile and non-renewable. Land is considered a capital and asset...
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...Science Inquiry—You will explore the ozone layer by doing online research and collecting information. You will then communicate your results in written form. • STEM—You will use your knowledge of kinetics to analyze scientific investigations. • 21st Century Skills—You will employ online tools for research and analysis. Introduction You have probably heard about the ozone layer and/or the hole in the ozone layer. Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen (O3) which is a very important part of our lives. In this activity, you will learn more about ozone and how it is formed. You will also investigate what causes the ozone layer to be depleted over time in the upper atmosphere. ________________________________________________________________________________ Directions and Analysis Task 1: The Ozone Layer Read about the ozone layer and answer the following questions. You can use the key word “ozone” or “ozone layer” in a search engine to learn more about it. Key search terms: ozone, ozone layer, benefits of ozone 1. Describe a few of the properties of ozone and compare these to the properties of diatomic oxygen. Type your response here: 2. Describe the process by which ozone can be formed in large cities. Type your response here: 3. Even though ozone may be dangerous to our health here on Earth, how can it be beneficial in the upper atmosphere? Type your response here: 4. How is ozone formed in the upper atmosphere? ...
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...323 EEN 100:ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION E35/CE/KER/10801/2013 OZONE LAYER Ozone layer is a deep layer in the stratosphere, encircling the earth that has large amounts of ozone in it. Ozone is a colourless gas found in the upper atmosphere of the earth that is formed when oxygen molecules absorbs ultraviolet, and undergo a chemical reaction known as photo dissociation or photolysis. In this process, a single molecule of oxygen breaks down into two oxygen atoms.The free oxygen atom[o],then combines with an oxygen molecule[02] and forms a molecule of ozone[03].The ozone molecule in turn absorbs ultraviolet rays between 310-200nn[nanometer] wavelength and thereby prevent these harmful radiations from entering the earth’s atmosphere. Ozone layer was discovered in 1913 by the French physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson,and its properties were explored by the British meteologist G.M.B Dobson,who developed a simple spectrophotometer[Dobsonmeter]that could be used to measure stratospheric ozone from the ground. Ozone layer acts as a shield for the earth from very harmful UV rays.If we damage the ozone layer anymore then we would put ourselves at an increasingly greater risks because we cannot survive without the ozone layer.Exposure to UV rays causes skin cancer,damage crops and harms ocean life,e.g polar shifting, that is,a complex event that occurs when uneven melting of ice occur_a major hole is now over Antarctica,where there are ice shitfs.If this melts,it could increase...
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