...1.2 Pain management Under treated pain is one of the most common complains reported by patients, especially chronic pain which represents the main health problem for people seeking medical help(Heit, 2003). Regarding chronic pain management, treatment goals should include relieving pain or decreasing its severity, improving patients’ functionality thus restoring the ability of self-care and performing simple daily tasks and most importantly improving general health quality of life. Due to the complex nature of chronic pain, management and treatment plan usually include multidisciplinary approaches. 1.2.1 Pharmacological approach: The first approach used to control pain is the pharmacological approach represented by the use of analgesic drugs....
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...What is pain? According to the Agency For Healthcare Research And Quality (2007) “Pain is an uncomfortable feeling that tells you something may be wrong in your body”. Acute pain alerts the person to a change in normalcy that may dissipate over time once the insult has been resolved. In contrast chronic pain signals go on for weeks, months, or possibly years (MedlinePlus, 2015). Pain can make activities of daily living difficult, limiting function and impairing the quality of life. In the United States it is estimated that 25.3 million adults suffer from chronic pain. Around 4.4 million adults were classified as having the highest level of pain, category 4, with an additional 25.4 million adults experiencing category 3 pain (Nahin, 2015). In 2010 the estimated total cost of chronic pain management in the United States ranged between $560- $635 billion dollars (Gaskin & Richard, 2012). For these reasons it is evident why the role of the Nurse Anesthetist Pain Management Specialists exist. In accordance with providing continued pain management the board has to ensure that the future of this practice is grounded in the best evidence and the practitioners are proficient while adhering to the standard of care....
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...to the local hospice. For the purpose of this assignment the focus will be on pain, the importance of being pain free and what this would mean for Charles will be discussed through-out this case study. The World Health Organization (2008) say that freedom from cancer pain must be regarded as a human rights issue. Charles's pain was poorly controlled on admission so it took several hours for the nurse to assess and come to an agreement with Charles about how to manage his pain. The End of Life Care Strategy, written by the Department of Health have published the following guideline; " Ensure that pain amongst people approaching the end of life are kept to an absolute minimum with access to skilful symptom management for optimum quality of life." (Department of Health, 2008, p33). Historically, pain was seen as an emotion rather than a sensation that was experienced by the heart and not the brain (Meldrum, 2003). Pain in today’s society is seen as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage (International Association of the Study of Pain, 2011). Therefore, pain is not only experienced on a physical level such as intensity, location and quality but also with emotional feelings such as anxiety, frustration and depression. Pain is a multidimensional phenomenon and many health care professionals today adapt a more practical definition that states “pain is what the patient says it is and exists when the patient says it does” (Tollison...
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...Procedural Pain Management for the Early Childhood Patient: A Multidisciplinary Concept Analysis of Pain BLK, RN, BSN The University of Texas at Arlington College of Nursing In partial fulfillment of the requirements of N5327 Analysis of Theories in Nursing Xxxx, xx October 8, 2013 Procedural Pain Management for the Early Childhood Patient Children presenting to the emergency department are often subjected to painful and anxiety-producing procedures, both for diagnostic purposes and for treatment of symptoms. Historically, pediatric patients have not been afforded the same level of care as adults with regard to the management of procedural pain. Pain in the young child age group (1-7 years) has often been under-treated, resulting in increased fear of the healthcare setting and postponement of necessary immunizations and procedures by the patients and parents. Close examination of the concept of pain – specifically, procedural pain in the young child age group in the emergency department (ED) setting, is necessary for understanding how nursing practice may be improved in order to produce a more positive patient experience. A thoughtful review of current literature will provide insight into the concept of pediatric pain, permitting a detailed analysis. This analysis will assist in the formulation of theoretical and operational definitions of the concept for use in further study. Review of Literature A review of literature was conducted to compare and contrast...
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...task, and it should be seen as an ongoing process. It is an essential process for the educational goals to be successful. Systematic approach is important when developing curriculum for students, and health care professionals. Different components should be carefully reviewed, and considered: staff, students, community needs, and readiness. It is important to specifics of the institution and involves the key subject in the process of education. Objective The objective of the lesson is to describe the curriculum is geared toward improving the care of the patients who suffer from chronic pain, and need better education on pain management. Education is planned at the Phoenix Hospital, and involves individuals from many levels of patient health care team. Patient education is an essential part of comprehensive pain management. For any...
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...anti-inflammatory drugs, to neurologists and prescribed medication to help alleviate the pain presented from such headache. Sometimes though, people prefer not to take medication or the medication just doesn’t seem to work for them. For reasons as such, people turn to complementary and alternative medicine to ease the pain, specifically acupuncture therapy. For reasons not quite fully understood, this therapy helps to treat headaches in positive outcomes for the majority of people. Acupuncture therapy is an alternative to the normal standard form of treatment that can virtually have no side effects, is much less invasive, and has no need drugs that need to be metabolized by the body. Acupuncture: What You Need To Know. (2014, November 1). https://nccih.nih.gov/health/acupuncture/introduction#hed3 According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, acupuncture is defined as a “technique in which practitioners stimulate specific points on the body—most often by inserting thin needles through the skin.” This Internet source article reviews what acupuncture is and what it can be used for in alternative medicine. For headache treatments, acupuncture may help relieve the pain from headaches and the amount of headaches one gets. In 2009, some studies were reviewed showing that acupuncture compared to drugs helped people with tension-type headaches. Also in 2012, studies were conducted to show the effectiveness of acupuncture on migraine and tension...
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...Case Studies on Cardiac Function This is the first case study that is required for the class. Please submit a paper (doesn’t have to be long; you could even give me bullet-point answers to the questions listed below) that answers all of the questions posed after Case Study 1. I have included an easy second case study which, if you complete it, will be worth extra credit. Answers to the first Case Study are worth 25 points and responding to Case Study 1 is required work for the course. The extra credit, which is not required, will be worth a total of 10 points. Case 1 A.O. is an 89-year-old woman with a long history of systolic heart failure secondary to a large left ventricular infarct when she was in her 70s. She had poor activity tolerance and required assistance with activities of daily living. Even minimal activity was associated with moderately severe dyspnea and exertional chest pain, which was relieved by rest. A.O. also exhibited marked pedal edema bilaterally. She is being treated with digitalis, furosemide (Lasix), KCl, and sublingual nitroglycerin. Discussion Questions 1. Which type of heart failure (left or right sided) is usually associated with dyspnea? Left-sided heart failure is usually associated with dyspnea. What other clinical findings are likely to be present with left-sided heart failure? Other clinical findings that are likely to be present with left-sided heart failure include radiographic cardiomegaly, abnormal apical pulse and...
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...Healthcare Psychology 1. Chronic pain management and evaluation 2 1.1. Perform the Millon® Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic (MBMD™) test to discover what pain is existing and determine best treatment method. 2 1.1.1. This is where psychologist study the patients body and determine what their levels of pain intake and evaluate the findings. This is where a great deal of research comes into play. 2 2. Medical Illnesses 2 2.1. Perform the Millon® Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III™) to determine what the illness is and find treatment methods. 2 2.1.1. Psychologist research the answers from the assessment and discover why the patient is going through the severe pain. They study the patients body and history. 2 3. Behavioral Psychology 2 3.1. Perfrom the Million Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic (MBMD), and the popular Beck Depression Inventory®– (BDI®– Both of these test will discover any issues that may II II. case the patient to be distraught. 2 3.1.1. Psychologist determine what behavioral issues may cause the patient to be unhappy and discover ways of treatment. 2 Healthcare Psychology, tynkalicious 1 1. Chronic pain management and evaluation 1.1. Perform the Millon® Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic (MBMD™) test to discover what pain is existing and determine best treatment method. 1.1.1. This is where psychologist study the patients body and determine what their levels of pain intake and evaluate the findings. This is where a great deal of research comes into...
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...policy regarding geriatric and/or demented patients and pain control. I believe this needs to be changed because although we have an initial assessment protocol, we do not have any kind of protocol to control a geriatric or demented patients pain. Since demented patients are quite often left unable to communicate their feelings, I believe there would be, less adverse effects and better patient outcomes for this group of people and better satisfaction with their families. B There are many people associated with proposing the change within the facility. First would be to go through the assistant nurse manager and nurse manager who would then bring the proposal to the nursing and medical directors for the ER. The ANM and NM would have to decide whether the proposed change would be beneficial for the patients and their outcomes and do further research which they would then propose to the directors. From there, they would decide whether the research was sufficient enough to implement a change. C Full APA citation for at least 5 sources | Evidence Strength (1-7) and Evidence Hierarchy | 1. H., Bell, J., Karttunen, N. M., Nykänen, I. A., M., & Hartikainen, S. A. (2013). Analgesic Use and Frailty among Community-Dwelling Older People. Drugs & Aging, 30(2), 129-136. doi:10.1007/s40266-012-0046-8 | 2 and Experimental | 2. Haasum, Y., Fastbom, J., Fratiglioni, L., Kåreholt, I., & Johnell, K. (2011). Pain Treatment in Elderly Persons With and Without Dementia...
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...Pain is a global marvel which has been rigorously contemplated and described from different points of view. However, this subject continues to bewilder health care experts and researchers from many disciplines. Moreover, Pain is a combination of different domains of responses, particularly; social, behavioral, physiologic, emotional, psychological that may influence the person’s pain fortitude. Many components could influence the pain experience, manifestation and cause a dilemma for healthcare workers and researchers who will try to gauge the pain response. It is understood that expertise in pain assessment would result in an improved pain management (Flaskerud, J.H., 2015). The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations...
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...University of Phoenix The article, “You Just Have to Make the Pain Go Away”-Children’s Experiences of Pain Management (2008) outlines a participatory case study undertaken in four pediatric units in a university hospital. Researchers collected data until theoretic saturation was reached. As a qualitative research, data techniques employed recorded interviewing and data analysis. The authors indicate that data collection techniques were triangulated in an inductive content analysis. Throughout the study, certain categories were identified from the data collected and coded – these categories were outlined in the tables at the end of the article and can be reviewed on the pain management nursing website. The results abled the researchers to inductively generate hypotheses which result in a grounded theory: “owing to the subjective nature of the pain experience, children’s self-reports should be the most reliable source of the methods used in the management of their pain” (Kortesluoma, Nikkonen, & Serlo, 2008, p. 147-148). There is a scarcity of research on children’s perception of pain and their expectation of pain management when in a hospital setting. Previous studies focused on methods used by health care providers and parents in alleviating children’s pain. This study’s purpose is to “describe the interventions young children use themselves and their expectations of other’s help, when managing the pain experienced during hospitalization” (Kortesluoma, et al., 2008...
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...Running head: PAIN CASE STUDY Case Study: Pain Amit Dhir, Omeid Heidari, Sean Mayer, Ololade Ikuomola & Adam Boyce NR110.542 Physiological/Pathophysiological Basis for Advanced Nursing Practice I 09/29/2015 Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing On our honor, we pledge that we have neither given nor received any unauthorized assistance on this assignment. 1 Running head: PAIN CASE STUDY CASE STUDY Pain Use this document in documenting your response to the Patient Case Questions. CHIEF COMPLAINT “My back is killing me. The pain is mostly sharp and stabbing, and sometimes it’s a dull ache. You’ve got to do something. Those Tramadol pills aren’t cutting it and they’ve bound me up.” “I am not sleeping because of the pain.” MEDICAL HISTORY P.M. is a retired, 81yearold male being seen for a routine health maintenance visit. He has a history of lower back pain, morbid obesity, hypertension, hypothyroid, occipital lobe stroke, bilateral total knee arthroplasty, GERD and sleep apnea. Now reporting pain in feet. He has been a smoker for the past 64 years, reporting 12 ppd. He is accompanied by his wife of 62 years. CURRENT MEDICATIONS Tramadol 50100 mg p.o. Q 12 hrs prn back pain Atenolol 25 mg p.o. Q a.m. Levothyroxine sodium 125 mcg p.o. Q a.m. Clopidogrel 75 mg p.p. Q a.m. Ibuprofen 600 mg ii p.o. prn knee pain Aspirin 650 mg p.o. prn “when I can’t get to sleep” ...
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...childbirth, especially in regards to pain management (Hidaka & Callister, 2012). However, research does not describe women’s childbirth experience using pain management methods. By obtaining this information, nursing care for the pregnant patient can be improved. Epidurals have become popular over the years, and although they provide effective pain relief, they can cause complications and may not always result in a satisfactory childbirth experience (Hidaka & Callister, 2012). In many cases, pain management education is lacking or provided during labor, which is not an ideal learning environment, and may create a feeling of ambivalence (Hidaka & Callister, 2012). Nurses can improve their plan of care, for the pregnant patient, by understanding the experiences women had after receiving an epidural. A qualitative study, “Giving Birth With Epidural Analgesia: The Experience of First-Time Mothers”, was conducted to understand the childbirth experience in women who received epidurals. A thorough examination of the problem, purpose, literature and framework used is warranted to improve the clinical practice of nurses. Problem Statement The qualitative study, “Giving Birth With Epidural Analgesia: The Experience of First-Time Mothers” needed to be conducted because previous research on childbirth experiences fail to include childbirth satisfaction in regards to pain management (Hidaka & Callister, 2012). The significance of this study is that, “nurses and childbirth educators...
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...and require effective physiological and psychological management of the complications. Pain is a common complication of end stage cancer patients who are undergoing either curative or palliative treatment. It can range from mild, moderate and severe depending on the progress of the disease. When it comes to palliative or end stage cancer (terminal illness), severe chronic pain management becomes even difficult for the family and health care providers. In fact, in such cases pain becomes primary and chief complaint of people for referrals....
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...which causes the body’s immune system to target and attack primarily its own joints and joint linings (Brodwin, Tellez, & Brodwin, 2009, p. 124). Since RA is a systematic disease, it affects the body as a whole, and is not limited only to joints. The inflammation and pain can spread from the joints, into the cartilage, connective tissue, and ultimately into adjacent organs (Cush, Kavanaugh, & Stein, 2005, p. 323). After the initial diagnosis of RA, there are three classifications that RA can develop into. The first is called Monocyclic RA, which means that an individual is afflicted with a single episode of inflammation, lasting up to five years, and then enters remission....
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