...SYSTEM 1. Introduction. Pakistan is located in a region which is prone to number of natural disasters. Due to its diverse range of terrain and existence of fault lines, the country is susceptible to wide ranging hazards from earthquake to droughts and floods to cyclones. Pakistan has suffered floods almost every year as monsoon rains cause rivers to outflow from their banks. The country also experiences earthquake regularly ranging from moderate to severe in intensity. We have been suffering from drought like situation of varying degrees from many years and the coastal areas are prone to cyclones. There is no comprehensive, integrated disaster management policy at national level for dealing with major disasters like earthquake of 2005 and floods of 2010 and 2011 partially due to limited resources, economic instability and partially due to absence of well trained and equipped disaster management infrastructure. We also lack proper system for disaster prevention and preparedness that could ensure effective mitigation to reduce the loss of life and property damage in the face of a natural disaster. 2. Disaster management is unfortunately seen as provision of relief rather than the management of all of its phases and long term management of risk. We therefore need a comprehensive preparedness, prevention and mitigation strategy with a view to better manage and coordinate activities of various line ministries, departments and civil society. Pakistan has a traditional relief and...
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...INTRODUCTION The problems and issues that confront society today are too large and complex to be solved by government and NGOs alone. Sustainable solutions to society’s problems can only be found through the collaboration and involvement of all who are part of it. Companies have tremendous strengths; they have extremely capable people, technology, access to money, the ability of geographical reach, etc. Many companies worldwide and now even in Pakistan are more powerful than governments and even countries, and thus corporate are important stakeholders in society. Our objective of the research is analysis of Pakistan’s major telecom companies to explore and understand the role that telecom corporate are playing and can play in finding meaningful solutions to the problems facing Pakistan today. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: The general objective of our study is to identify how CSR is being understood and implemented in the Company’s business strategies with in the telecom industry of Pakistan. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: This research study is intended to answer the following questions: • Are the firms aware of CSR dynamics? • Do they consider CSR concept relevant to their own enterprise? • Are companies and firms interested in CSR topic? What...
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...Although Pakistan has negligible contribution in global carbon emissions, it is high among the list of countries that are suffering from climate change. German watch, a NGO that publishes an annual Global Risk Index of countries most vulnerable to climate related disasters, in 2010 listed Pakistan as the number one most affected country in the world. And in 2011 & 2012, Pakistan was ranked as number three in the list of countries hardest hit by weather disasters because of Climate Change.Pakistan is used to suffering from multiple crises at a time, news headlines are usually dominated by issues like terrorism, injustice, extremism, political unrest and power shortages etcetera. But the dangerous threat we all know as climate change has been virtually left off the radar when it comes to issues of national priority. Environmental issues have always found little space in Pakistan, mainly due to mass unawareness within the political culture of the country.Studies from the Pakistan Metrological Department shows dramatic changes in Pakistan’s climate, such as;10 to 15% decrease in rainfall in the coastal belts and hyper arid plains, 18-32% increase in rainfall in the monsoons zone,...
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...MAINSTREAMING Disaster Risk Reduction IN SCHOOLS’ CURRICULUA (ANALYTICAL INSTRuMENT FOR POLICY ADVOCACY) By, AmjAd NAzeer Indus ConsortIum (IC) (December 2012, IslamabaD, Pakistan) 0 “Things like DRR need to be there in the textbooks. Aspired to interpret, we ourselves will learn further and teach children better. Children will in turn explain things to their younger brothers and sisters, even to their parents and to those who cannot read or write. The new learning has a capacity to inform, who should do what during, before or after a disaster.” Ali Akbar, A primary school teacher in Chack Tumb Bhel, U.C Khoski, Badin. “Disaster Reduction Begins at School” (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, 2006-8) 1 CONTENTS 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………..……3 2. Growing Frequency of Natural Disasters: A Major Concern……..….…………7 3. Relevant UN Conventions and Other International Commitments….…………7 4. Impact of Natural Disasters on Children and Schools.……………………….....9 5. Education and Psychosocial Impact on Children………………………………10 6. Connecting Education, Safe Schooling and DRR……………………………...10 7. Significance of Mainstreaming DRR in Curriculum and Children’s Potential Role....…………………………………...……………………………………….…12 8. Approaches to Integrate DRR with Sindh and Punjab’s Textbooks….…..…..14 8.1. Infusion or Permeation Approach…………….…………………………………16 8.1.1. Holistic Review of Sindhi, Urdu And English Textbooks….……………..…17 8.1.1.1. Sindhi and Asaan...
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...TRANSBOUNDARY WATER MANAGEMENT; ISSUE OF GOVERNANCE LEADING TO A STALEMATE Abstract: In an era of globalization with regional states in Asia growing up to compete against the developed nations, regional powers trying to assert its regional influence over one another is raking up the old issues of control of water. These issues of controls over water had arises from its need to fulfill the growing demand of power shortages and its ambition of supply on upstream and downstream. This paper aims to study the reasons behind the reemergence of this water dispute which had previously had been put through cooperation or arbitration for sharing. Also it will analyze the problem of managing the river transboundary in the South East Asia. INTRODUCTION...
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...Impact Analysis of Overflow Spillway on U/S Flows & Hydraulic Structure using CFD Technique – A Case Study of Marala HPP Ali Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Kaleem Sarwar2, Dr. Sajid Mehmood3, Azhar Bashir Magsi4 1. 2. 3. 4. Research fellow and corresponding author, Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: alinawaz.ce@gmail.com, Assistant Professor, Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: eng_Kaleem@yahoo.com Assistant Professor, Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: smahmoodpk@yahoo.com Project Manager, Sinotec Co., Ltd., Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: azhar_magsi@yahoo.com Abstract Barrages and canal falls are considered as a readily available option for hydropower generation as the pre-requisites of water and head are conveniently available on such sites. Most important aspect of such scheme is to set the levels of hydraulic structures so that there is absolutely no disturbance to the irrigation flows which is the basic purpose of the barrage and canal network. At the same time finding the optimum level for the proposed structures so that the maximum hydropower benefits are yielded through the scheme without compromising the safety. Present study intends to investigate the same for Marala Hydropower Project (MHP) proposed on Upper Chenab...
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...Mangroves are ever green forests between land and sea, found essentially in the intertidal zone and occupying large tracts along the shallow coasts, estuaries and in the deltas where they are influenced by tides, widely differing conditions of saline and rainfall regimes. The coastline of Pakistan is 1,050 km long and 40-50 km wide shared by the provinces of Sindh (350 km) and Balochistan (700 km). In the Sindh province, mangroves are found in the Indus Delta which occupies approximately 600,000 ha extending from Korangi Creek in the north to Sir Creek in the South. Indus Delta comprises 17 major creeks, numerous minor creeks and extensive mudflats and constitutes 97% of total mangrove forests found in Pakistan. Mangroves of Indus delta are unique in being the largest arid climate mangroves in the world. The survival of these forests is largely associated with perennial freshwater supplies from the River Indus, which flows through the delta before reaching the Arabian Sea. An area of 344,845 ha of the Indus delta has been declared as protected forests and is under the control of Sindh Forest Department. The Indus Delta is believed to have had as many as eight mangrove species in the past. However at present, only four species have been left. Nearly 95% of the mangroves located in the Indus Delta comprise the species Avicennia marina. Very small patches of Ceriops tagal and Aegiceras corniculatum are found near the mouth of the Indus at Keti Bunder. Rizophora mucronata has...
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...The fundamental physical laws and observations are basis of Climatic models. A consensus on the existence of climatic change cannot be reached due to the non-existence of long term historical climate data. Climate change was considered to be a myth till the twentieth century but the current studies and evidence reflects that natural systems are already being affected by regional climatic change. Availability of food and water is affected by the risings temperature, changes in precipitation patterns and natural disasters leading to rise in poverty, increased volatility in food prices, and heightened regional tensions, affecting international stability and security. All of the changes in physical parameters stand as the global dimensions of...
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...The Religion of Man Doyle W. Upchurch World Civilizations HIS 103 Jay Keever October 31, 2012 The Religion of Man Throughout time there have been different types of religions. There have been conflicts, battles and even wars, between families, clans and nations over religion. Religion has had a hand in changing the face of this world for millions of years and a hand in the development of nations. Religion has been and still is one of the most controversial subjects known to man. Paleolithic cave art was closely linked to the ‘conceptual discovery’ of the symbolic and religious world of primitive peoples. This denied any hint of symbolic and intellectual complexity among hunter-gatherers, made it impossible to fit such art within a ‘savage’ society. It was only when this idea of progress became more flexible, in parallel with the discovery and more precise definition of the symbolic–religious world of primitive people, that the prehistoric chronology of the parietal depictions could be accepted. (Eduardo Palacio-Perez, 2010) Prehistorians defined the decorated objects, as crafts, a ‘lesser art’ aimed at decoration, characteristic of traditional and primitive societies, in contrast with the ‘fine arts’ associated with the expression of the aesthetic ideals of civilized mankind. Clearly, with such a restricted conception of Paleolithic art, there was no room for the parietal depictions. However, does the key for the recognition of the age of cave art lie in the discovery...
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....................................................................................... 4 Major Players in the Market ..................................................................................................................... 6 Global Insurance Industry Overview ............................................................................................................. 7 Non-life growth is still weak in the industrialized countries, but strong in Asia ...................................... 8 Non-life insurance premium growth ........................................................................................................ 8 SWOT Analysis of Pakistan Insurance Industry ............................................................................................ 9 Analysis of Leading Insurance Companies in Pakistan (of first quarter 2011) ............................................ 10 Drivers of Insurance Coverage .................................................................................................................... 11 Competition between insurance and banking ........................................................................................ 11 Income Level ........................................................................................................................................... 11 Social and Political ....................................................................................................................................
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...Problem Statement Rising rate of inflation in Pakistan in last decade, factors that impact this rise in inflation. The factors are monetary i.e. money supply, exchange rate and real GDP and other factors are banking and non-banking borrowings. Research attempts to give solutions for problem that how, why, and when these factors affect the rate of inflation. Research is aimed to identify reasons due to which inflation is rising in Pakistan and give solution for this problem. Review of Literature Inflation & Importance The general movement of a country's overall price level is of primary concern to all and more so if the movement is upward. The problem of inflation has virtually become a major concern for all economies - over the last few decades, Inflation has been accelerating at an alarming rate in most of developing countries. (Mohammed Sabihuddin Butt and Haroon Jamal: A MONETARIST APPROACH TO INFLATION FOR PAKISTAN: Pakistan Economic and Social Review Vol.X XVI No.2 (Winter1988) pp 69-87) Inflation adversely affects the overall growth, the financial sector development and the vulnerable poor segment of the population. There is clear consensus that even moderate levels of inflation damage real growth. Inflation decreases the real income and also induces uncertainty. Considering such adverse impacts of inflation on the economy, there is a consensus among the worlds' leading central banks that the price stability is the prime objective of monetary policy and...
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...Abstract Pakistan Railways is a national transport service of Pakistan. It’s head-quartered is in Lahore and is working under the Ministry of Railways. Pakistan Railway provides an important mode of transportation throughout Pakistan. It is commonly referred to as the "life line of the country", by aiding in large scale movement of people and freight throughout Pakistan. A railway all over the world is considered, cheapest, safest and efficient mode of passenger and freight carrier. Pakistan is no exception to this. Till 1970’s Pakistan railways used to be a profit earning entity. Due to successive governments tilt towards road network affected the railway operations. By introducing NLC (National Logistic Cell) during Zia’s regime railways started sliding downwards and till date has not been able to stand upon its legs. Railways need huge investments which was not forth coming by the governments who remain power one after the other. This not only affected the railway operation both in passenger as well as freight. The much needed investment in shape of infrastructure, equipment and material was not forth coming. The railway assets due to lack of repair and maintenance started becoming inoperative and obsolete. The lack of Government attention and apathy Pakistan railways has reached at its lowest ebb. The rolling stock and locomotives have outlived their utility. The only way through which Pakistan Railways can be broad back to its past glory if the Government injects heavy...
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...PAKISTAN VS. PAKISTANIS In order to understand the importance of the independent state, Pakistan let me first clear the picture of what would have happened if Pakistan had not come into being. If Pakistan had not come into being, we would either have been governed and ruled by the British or the Hindus. If the British would not have given us independence, they would still have been ruling us. No people in the whole world like to be rules by some other nation. There would have been everything but harmony. People would have been dying in the fight of getting their rights and freedom. They would still have been rioting against studying English or wearing pants. Well that was a joke! In short, nobody would have been living in peace. As far as being ruled by the Hindus is concerned, we all are fully aware of the legendary Hindu-Muslim controversy and blood-threatening conflicts. So, we would have been fighting again for freedom and rights. In both the cases, we the Muslims would have been at the disadvantage. We should thank leaders such as Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Allama Iqbal for getting us an independent country where we can say our prayers, fast and say “Asalam-o-alaikum” to any passerby without the fear of getting shot. Its another issue that now-a-days our ways of greeting each other have changed from “Asalam-o-alaikum” to “Hi, hello, what’s up dude? Etc.” This country was made for Muslims of Subcontinent. It is a rich country. It is rich in minerals and fossil...
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...MDG in Pakistan and how it affects the economy According to the introduction to Global Politics by Steven L. Lamy the adoption of the Millennium Developmental Goals framework has also helped country field staff achieve a more coherent approach to development. In my paper I am going to talk about the MDG’S in Pakistan and how the country is affected politically, economically and other ways as well. Pakistan not only represents freedom and independence but also is known to be the land of the pure. The region has landscapes that vary from plains, and deserts, to forests, and hills. Pakistan is divided into three major geographic areas: the northern highlands, the Indus River, and the sistan basin. “In the northern highlands, the second highest peak in the world is found here 8,611 meters.”(1) Cultivation is scarce in the northern mountains, but much of Pakistan's land area has the potential for intensive agricultural. In the Indus plain, the name Indus Means Ocean, the Indus, one of the immense rivers of the world, rises in Tibet. The Indus River basin is a large, productive plain formed by silt. Agricultural civilizations had been around this area for at least 5,000 years. (5) Pakistan is able to feed its population under usual climatic conditions, in the Indus river area due to fertile soil. (6) Pakistan has two major river dams: the Tarbela Dam on the Indus, and the Mangla Dam on the Jhelum. (7) These dams are important to the national economy and helped calm...
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...UET, Mechatronics and Control Engineering Department Water Crisis of Pakistan Submitted to: Mr. Rauf Akhtar Submitted By: Muhammad Rzi Abbas (2006-MCT-38) 5/23/2008 1 LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION I authorize Mr. Muhammad Rzi Abbas to research on “Water Crisis of Pakistan”. Mr. Rauf Akhtar 2 LETTER OF TRANSMITTEL Pakistan is being surrounded by almost all types of problems and difficulties nowadays. Everyone is speaking on different issues Pakistan is facing but I chose the Water Crisis which is a grave threat to Pakistan yet hidden from the eyes of most of the residents of Pakistan. To study this hanging sword I chose to write a report on the topic “Water Crisis of Pakistan”. In this report I have explained the past, present and future problems which Pakistan unfortunately had to face regarding water resources and utilization. Let me assure you that the reader will study this report with interest and will get a complete knowledge about the water sector problems which Pakistan is either facing right now or will have to face in the future. Muhammad Rzi Abbas 3 Table of Contents Letter of Authorization………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2 Letter of Transmittal…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……3 Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..4 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….6 Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..8 First Portion Chapter...
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