...production of Soda Ash at Khewra • 1953The Khewra Soda Ash Company is incorporated as a public limited company • 1965ICI Pakistan acquires Fuller Paints Limited • 1966The name of Khewra Soda Ash Company changes to ICI Pakistan Manufacturers Limited • 1968ICI Pakistan Manufacturers Limited commissions its Speciality Chemicals Plant in Karachi • 1970ICI Pakistan Manufacturers Limited sets up a Pharmaceutical Factory in Naryanganj East Pakistan. After 1971, the factory became part of ICI Bangladesh Manufacturers Limited • 1973Fuller Paints changes its name to Paintex LimitedICI Pakistan Manufacturers Limited sets up a Polyester Plant at Sheikhupura with a capacity of 12,000 tons • 1985Imperial Chemical Industries Pakistan (Private) Limited and Paintex Limited merge into ICI Pakistan Manufacturers Limited • 1987The company changes its name to ICI Pakistan Limited • 1991ICI Pakistan PowerGen Limited is incorporated as a public limited company • 1994ICI Pakistan increases capacity of Soda Ash Plant by 50,000 tons • 1996ICI Pakistan increases Polyester Fiber capacity to 60,000 tons and Polymerization capacity to 91,000 tons • 1998ICI commissions its PTA Plant at Port Qasim Karachi • 2000PTA Business demerges to form a separate entity, Pakistan PTA Limited • 2001Soda Ash Site completes Automation Cogeneration & Debottlenecking Project • 2002ICI Pakistan increases capacity of Polyester Plant by 44,000 tons The Pharmaceutical and Animal Health Segment was combined with the...
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...Islamic Republic of Pakistan was established in 1947, a country of 170 million people, full of natural resources and more than 60 years of independence but still not respected in the world community. Remaining part till today is living on IMF, World Bank and foreign donations. Majority of the population is living in rural areas without basic necessities of life. It is a country where financial gap between rich and poor is widening day by day. From the last 10 years, extremism is increasing. Almost every kind of problem exists in Pakistan, including electricity load-shedding, bad economy, less educational facilities, less hospitals, inflation and no pure water in many parts. These problems exist in Pakistan right from its independence which as mentioned above was more than sixty years ago. Despite it being rich on raw resources thus far Pakistan is a developing country with limited development in every era due to the problems it faces. In the following text we will shed some light on some of the major problems faced today by Pakistan as a country. 1. POVERTY: According to an analysis poverty has increased roughly from 30% to 40% during the past decade. Consider that if 40%of a country’s population is earning their life below the poverty-line in which the people are deprived of basic necessities of life such as clothing, shelter,food, education and medication, such families and their children will be forced to think of their survival only. 2. ILLITERACY Pakistanis...
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...Nations Machinery Country: Germany Delegate: Ruchi Gupta Since the partition of British India into India and Pakistan in 1947, the Kashmir conflict between them has become intractable. India first referred the case of Pakistani aggression in Kashmir to the United Nations Security Council under Article 35 of the UN Charter on January 1, 1948. This move was directed towards protecting India’s territorial integrity. United Nations was involved in mediating the Kashmir conflict from 1948 through 1965. Later, at the end of the Third Pakistan- India war of 1971, Pakistan and India signed the Simla Agreement in 1972 which emphasized the adoption of a bilateral framework to solve the crisis. UNSC resolution 47 of 1948 recommended Pakistan to withdraw all its tribesmen and Pakistani nationals. It also recommended Indian forces to be reduced to minimum strengths to maintain law and order so as to later hold a UN supervised plebiscite in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir to determine the aspirations of her people. But Pakistan never vacated and later India also backed out. As a result the referendum never went through and UN declaration could not be implemented. Germany agrees that the Kashmir issue should be undertaken bilaterally as “one spark” could be disastrous for the entire region. Germany has always supported negotiated settlement of the Kashmir issue between Pakistan and India. We also believe that the two countries could follow the principle of dialogue and people to people...
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...National Bank of Pakistan is one of the largest commercial bank operating in Pakistan. It has redefined its role and has moved from a public sector organization into a modern commercial bank. The Bank's services are available to individuals, corporate entities and government. While it continues to act as trustee of public funds and as the agent to the State Bank of Pakistan (in places where SBP does not have presence). It has diversified its business portfolio and is today a major lead player in the debt equity market, corporate investment banking, retail and consumer banking, agricultural financing, treasury services and is showing growing interest in promoting and developing the country's small and medium enterprises and at the same time fulfilling its social responsibilities, as a corporate citizen. In today's competitive business environment, NBP needed to redefine its role and shed the public sector bank image, for a modern commercial bank. It has offloaded 23.2 percent share in the stock market, and while it has not been completely privatized like the other three public sector banks, partial privatization has taken place. It is now listed on the Karachi/Islamabad/Lahore Stock Exchanges National Bank of Pakistan is today a progressive, efficient, and customer focused institution. It has developed a wide range of consumer products, to enhance business and cater to the different segments of society. Some schemes have been specifically designed for the low to middle income...
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...Technological change in pakistan Pakistan is the country where development is continuously in progress, Pakistan is still an under developing country and is in a process of making their way towards the road of technology, especially from the last two decades of the twentieth century. These two decades can be regarded as the decades in which computer culture got its place Twenty years before there was no concept of software’s, mechanical devices and computerized system. Now every work is done by machines. Farmers had to do all works by their own hand that’s why they had to spend all the time on their fields. In short every department has changed promptly and all the manual work has been converted into computerized systems or done by machines. It is need of this era, everyone want to fulfill their needs in moments. Technology has revolutionized the way creative practitioners work for many generations before us. Although there are both desirable and undesirable changes Take a look at the powerful inventions that have changed society and ask what role design research played: Internet: The best example of it is World Wide Web through which we connect to the whole universe. For all of us, it has become a part of life. How many times have we found ourselves completely at a loss because our connections were down? Now on internet there are many platforms without which we can’t spend a minute like social media, blogs etc. In Pakistan there was just line connections and which was...
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...have any other option. Unemployment is increasing day a day which is also creating law and order problems. Overall these energy crises have very badly affecting the economy of the country and it is taking Pakistan towards disaster. Students in Pakistan cannot study properly due to this crisis. Students could manage proper time to study due to this load shedding because they have to wait for the light to come in order to complete their work. The government seriously has to take some action to control this crisis. Research methodology The research used in the paper is qualitative in nature....
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...Commerce ■ E-ISSN 2229-4686 ■ ISSN 2231-4172 SIGNIFICANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATIONS: LINKING GLOBAL PRACTICES WITH LOCAL PERSPECTIVE Akbar Ali, Faculty of Management Information System National University of Sciences & Technology, Pakistan ABSTRACT Present study aims to link the global HRM in local context. HRM deals with the responsibilities, functions, behaviors and importance of employee. Hence the significance of HRM in organization is marvel. Previously not much attention had been given to manage employee in an organized manner, but with the passage of time need were felt to shift to formalization. The level of HRM practices do not show the formalized structure, therefore it is found mandatory to focus our country so that a step towards the identification and filling of gaps is initiated. HRM role is supposed to be very inclined towards humanitarian factors. In Pakistan the issue of traditional management is required to be addressed to transform it to HRM conceptualization in true letter and spirit. In Pakistan context this article is being written with the confidence that it will help managers to link the global HRM practices in local context in their organizations. Keywords: HRM, Organisation Pakistan. International Refereed Research Journal ■ www.researchersworld.com ■ Vol.–IV, Issue–1, January 2013 [78] ResearchersWorld INTRODUCTION: -Journal of Arts, Science & Commerce ■ E-ISSN 2229-4686 ■ ISSN 2231-4172 IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCE...
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...Literature Review Women in Pakistan, to the social and cultural conditions, have more disadvantaged than the women in modern western democratic societies. Educated and professional women in urban areas, who are from upper class of the society, enjoy much better status and rights than illiterate women in rural areas. In rural areas, women are discouraged in attaining higher education just for the sake of avoiding the time when women can lead man while in urban areas, women are encouraged to get educated, so girls energetically join the technical courses but after getting technically or professionally qualified they are not granted permission to work, this is the reason we don't find girls at offices as much as we find men. In villages, girls are usually not asked whom do they want to marry; parents just fix wedding dates of their daughters to the groom of their choice. Such injustices discourage females at higher level. If education does not prevail, the problems of Pakistan will reach at a stage which will make this country very vulnerable. Statically, Pakistan has made reasonable march since independence in many fields including education. Less than one million students were enrolled in schools at the time of independence, and, astonishingly, 12 million school- age children are enrolled. But more than 12 million children are doing job, putting their lives in danger and missing quality education. As a matter of fact, full enrollment at primary education is still not a reality...
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...Factors responsible for the failure of Education Sector in Pakistan Table of Contents ACKNOWLDGEMENT4 ABSTRACT5 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION6 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW11 CHAPTER 3: METHEDOLOGY21 CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND ANALYSIS28 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................43 APPENDICES...............................................................................................................................45 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the whole of my project. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Ms Zehra Raza, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the whole of final project, she has spent much time to help me and provided me with inspiring advice. Without her enduring advice, insightful criticisms and expert supervision, the completion of this project would not have been possible. In the end, my gratitude also extends to my family and friends who have been assisting, supporting and caring for me all of my life. ABSTRACT The research reported in this thesis was on “Factors responsible for the failure of Education Sector in Pakistan”. The purpose of research was to study the impact of education sector on the society and the main issues which were prevailing in the country now-a-days. The secondary data was collected by consultation of literature in the libraries...
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...Girls' Education Rights in Pakistan On October 9, 2012, in Mingora, Pakistan 15-year-old Malala Yousafzai was shot in the head by two Taliban men when she was arriving home on a bus from school (Wilmore par 1). She was targeted for supporting and speaking out for girls' education rights (Wilmore par 3). In the summer of 2009, Pakistan's military claimed that they drove the group out of the area, but the Taliban are still attacking people there, especially those who support girls' education like Malala (Wilmore par 15). Under Islamic or religious law, all people, including women, should be granted educational rights and freedom in, not only Pakistan, but other parts of the world as well.To begin with, in Pakistan, it is hard for females to receive education because of the Taliban's strict religious laws and attacks (Wilmore par 6). In 2007, the Taliban arrived in Swat Valley, Pakistan, banning music and dancing (Jacobsen par 13), and they also banned women from activities like shopping (Wilmore par 6). The new laws made it uncomfortable for women to go out alone in public because many of their activities were restricted or banned (Jacobsen par 13). To make sure that citizens would not go against them, the Taliban forced them to accept the laws with the use of brutal punishments such as public whippings, bombings, and beheadings (Wilmore par 5). Then the Taliban started destroying schools with bombs, killing students, teachers, and passerby in the process, and they also targeted...
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...Role and Importance of Media in Pakistan Communication channels through which news, entertainment, education, data or promotional messages are disseminated. Media includes every broadcasting and narrowcasting medium such as newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax, and internet. Media is the plural of medium and can take a plural or singular verb, depending on the sense intended. Before discussing the importance and drawbacks of media we should go through the History of Media in Pakistan. Print is the oldest media of mass communication. Newspapers can reach greater masses of public. They allow readers to control exposure. This not only gives us the facts about an event or issue but also explains and interprets them. In 1947, Pakistan inherited a weak press with very little law for controlling and regulating the press. Very few news were published in the newly born Pakistan. In East Pakistan and Baluchistan not a single newspaper was published. The NWFP had two daily papers. Newspapers owned by Muslims came to Pakistan. These include Daily Azad and morning news (shifted to Dhaka), Dawn, jang and anjam (set up in Karachi). After independence, a number of newspapers were published but due to financial constraint and many other reasons, their publication did not continue i.e. Roshni, inqallqb, musalman. There were only three radio stations in Lahore, Peshawar and Dhaka. English press was not so healthy at the time of independence due to educational...
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...Hindu Kush Mountain Range Pakistan Hindu Kush Range, a Persian word which means “Indian Mountains”, is the extension of the Karakoram and Pamir mountain range from west. The whole northwest of Kabul and the basins of the Kabul, and Helmand rivers from that of the Amu Darya is considered to be in Hindu Kush Range. It is also considered as the sub-range of the Himalaya mountain range. It is located between the borders of two Muslim countries Pakistan and Afghanistan and is also considered to be the geographic center of population of the world. Tirich Mir, Noshes, and Istoro Nal, the highest peaks in the Hindu Kush are located in Chitral District of Northern Pakistan. Its eastern side range is also known as the High Hindu Kush range which is located in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Chitral is considered to be the pinnacle of the Hindu Kush region. The highest peaks, as well as countless passes and massive glaciers, are located in this region. The Chiantar, Kurambar, and Terich glaciers are amongst the most extensive in the Hindu Kush and the melt water from these glaciers form the Kunar River, which eventually flows south into Afghanistan and joins the Bashgal, Panjsher, and eventually the much smaller Kabul River. The jazz musician Katie Melua wrote a song called "Halfway Up the Hindu Kush", probably because in the 1960s and 70s Afghanistan was depicted in the media as the romantic haven of nomads and a resort for hashish-smoking hippies. Hindu Kush Hindu Kush a high mountain...
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...PAKISTANI FOOD FOOD Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells in an effort to produce energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth. Historically, people secured food through two methods: hunting and gathering, and agriculture. Today, most of the food energy consumed by the world population is supplied by the food industry, which is operated by multinational corporations that use intensive farming and agriculture to maximize system output. FOOD SOURCES Almost all foods are of plant or animal origin. Cereal grain is a food that provides more food energy worldwide than any other type of crop. Maize, wheat, and rice - in all of their varieties - account for 87% of all grain production worldwide. Other foods not from animal or plant sources include various edible fungi, especially mushrooms. Fungi and ambient bacteria are used in the preparation of fermented and pickled foods like leavened bread, alcoholic drinks, cheese, pickles and yogurt. Inorganic substances such as soda and cream of tartar are also used to chemically alter an ingredient. PLANTS Many plants or plant parts are eaten as food. There are around 2,000 plant species which are cultivated for food, and many have several distinct cultivars. Seeds of plants are a good...
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...How Exxon Mobil would manage its FDI in an emerging market Investment decisions by firms are subject to rigorous planning and coordination and when they cater to the firms’ interests in expanding its business beyond the borders of its home country, the parameters for analysis change. The company has to think beyond its own domestic construct and towards a more broad-based approach. Multinationals have to consider a completely new array of factors which range across the home country, the foreign country and even the distance in between. In today’s world of interconnectedness, FDI has been facilitated through the use of modern technology and the transferability of technology across boundaries. The global trading environment allows for investment flows across countries. While countries may be wary of imports, FDI is always welcomed as it leads to job creation within an economy and a boost to GDP. The FDI decision would itself be one needing intense planning, strategizing and thorough analysis. The factors which determine investment decisions by large firms vary across countries and it is up to the firms to determine whether the costs incurred by the variances among these parameters would be worth the price of admission. The cost benefit analysis has to be thorough given that the company is exploring new markets which could be considered a whole new world within the context of the company. Stepping out of the bounds of its own industrial and economical context and towards a global...
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...readily available for consumers on the move. Moreover, quality is the hallmark of Nestle which is evident from the fact that millions of people across the world repose their confidence in the brand by purchasing Nestle products every day. The above quoted mission statement also explicitly mentions that Nestle has an inevitable power of anticipating consumer needs and timely responding accordingly. This has been proven true a number of times with the evolution of new products and especially with respect to Pakistan, their research on acute shortage of pure and healthy drinking water led to the introduction of Nestle Pure Life, a successful SBU. Mission Statement of Nestle Pakistan- Nestle’ being a multinational firm has vested its operations in numerous countries worldwide and has therefore molded its modus operandi to cater to the multi-faceted needs of consumers accordingly. In Pakistan, Nestle aims: ‘To positively enhance the quality of life of the people of Pakistan by all that we...
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