...Introduction Entrepreneurship is becoming of vital importance in the economies like Pakistan. Entrepreneurship is strongly related to small medium enterprise (SME), which is considered to be the main developing force of the developing economies market. Previously many economists believed that it is the large firm which contributes in the developing of economies and attracts foreign exchange in the country. But there point of view changed when countries like Taiwan, Japan, and Korea established their economies on the bases of SMEs. These economies build up from grass root level to the heights of success. According to Schapper (2006), in developing nations more than 90% of the firms fall under the category of SMEs and he also above than 90% of these firms are microenterprises. Pakistan is also one of the countries focusing on the development of SMEs. Almost 13 years ago Govt. of Pakistan established institution named SMEDA; small and medium enterprise authority, responsible for the guidance and the promotion of SMEs. SMEs are very heterogeneous business operating in many different sectors such as trade, agri- business and manufacturing (Hussain et al, 2009). Pakistan is a very potential market for SMEs. Before very less or no importance is given on the business research which could attract many foreign investments. There are certain issues regarding the success and failures of SMEs which need to explore out and address. What is Entrepreneur? The term entrepreneur...
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...Pennsylvania vs. Pakistan Pakistan vs. Pennsylvania? Are the two places comparable at all? Pennsylvania, a state of the United States, and Pakistan, a country of the Middle East, may be very diverse and similar in many ways statistically speaking. The people that reside there; the terrain and climate; and the religions and languages practiced. Pennsylvania is a state located in the United States; it’s about 45,308 square miles. The capital of Pennsylvania is Harrisburg home to 49,528 people. The total population of the state is 12,335,091 residents. The states that border Pennsylvania are New York on the North; New Jersey and Delaware on the East; Maryland and West Virginia on the South and Ohio on the West; Lake Erie is a border in the Northwest. Pakistan is a country located in South Asia. 310,527 square miles this is about seven times the size of Pennsylvania or twice the size of California. The capital of Pakistan is Islamabad, home to 800,000 residences. The total population of the country is 167,762,040 people which is 13.5 times the amount of people in Pennsylvania. The country’s bordering Pakistan is: Afghanistan on the West; China is to the North; India to the East and Iran to the West; the Arabian Sea also borders Pakistan to the west. Pakistan is enormous compared to Pennsylvania and has more people residing in the country than the state. Pennsylvania’s terrain varies from each part of the state. The Southeast is a coastal plain with lower sea levels. The Southwest...
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...UNIT: Developing Corporate Culture Topic: Political Organization’s Culture In Pakistan BY: M Muneeb Ullah Sandhu Unit Contents: * Introduction to culture. * Culture of political parties. * Brief details of PTI * Cultural Profile of PTI * Climate of PTI * Communication & PTI WHAT IS CULTURE? Def. Culture is the values and practices shared by the member of a group (source notes) Hence a corporate culture is values and practices shared by the people in that company Key Points Regarding Culture * A Companies culture can make or break the company. * Company’s culture can be changed. But it can be difficult in some cases. * It can be changed as the targets of the company changes. * Company culture changes and evolves over time. But not in all cases if it is strong culture. * It changes from one environment to another. (E.g. Multinational companies) Explanation in My Views: Any human organization develops culture over time, from small family business to global national companies to village and country try to develop its own culture over time. It is like an iceberg whose very small portion can be seen while travelling in sea but the major portion of it is under water, which can only be observed when you get under water. Now, Why it is important? It is important as every organization try to develop its own unique identity. Here I think it is important to define organization...
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...of Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Cultural Dimensions of Pakistan 2 2.1 Hofstede’s Study 2 2.2 Trompenaar’s Dimensions 5 2.3 GLOBE Study 6 3. Communicating Cross Culturally 7 3.1 Proper Greetings 7 3.2 Introductions 7 3.3 Touch Behaviour 8 3.4 Taboos 9 3.5 Entertaining 9 4. Management Issues in Pakistan 9 4.1 Leading 9 4.2 Motivation 12 5. Negotiating in Pakistan 13 6. Expatriates in Pakistan 15 7. Managing Social and Ethical Issues in Pakistan 18 7.1 Conflict of Development 18 7.2 Conflict of Tradition 18 7.3 Conflict of Interest 19 8. Conclusion 21 References 22 Appendix 1 – Map of Pakistan 23 Appendix 2 – GLOBE Study 24 Appendix 3 - Supplementary Information 26 Appendix 4 - Important Contact Information 28 1. Introduction Pakistan was one of the two original successor states to British India, which was partitioned along religious lines in 1947. For almost 25 years following independence, it consisted of two separate regions, East and West Pakistan, but now is made up only of the western sector. Both India and Pakistan have laid claim to the Kashmir region, and this territorial dispute led to war in 1949, and again in 1965, 1971, and 1999, and remains unresolved today. Pakistan is situated in the western part of the Indian subcontinent, with Afghanistan and Iran on the west, India on the east, and the Arabian Sea on the south. The name Pakistan is derived from the Urdu words Pak (meaning pure) and stan (meaning...
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...Projects in Afghanistan and its impact on Pakistan THEME * Pakistan and Afghanistan are generally labeled as inseparable states due to their historical, religious, cultural, linguistic, trade and ethnic linkages. However, history of bilateral relations between Kabul and Islamabad reveals turbulence. The main reasons for this rocky relationship are the issues related to the Durand Line, the idea of a greater Pakhtunistan, the 1980’s Soviet War, the rise of the Taliban, post 9/11 war, and India’s rising influence in Afghanistan. Through multi-sectoral long-term development projects, apparently carving socio-economic space through application of soft power, India ultimately aims at enhancing its regional relevance to extract politico-economic benefits, while correspondingly constricting contemporary space for Pakistan. Indian sponsored / assisted projects in Afghanistan indicate their character to be more of anti-Pakistan than pro-Afghanistan. Development of road Zaranj-Delaram off sets Afghanistan’s over dependence on Pakistan for transit trade, through offering ground link to Iranian Port Chahbhar. Similarly, Indian offer to build water reservoirs on river Kabul can be termed as extension of her water war against Pakistan. It has implications for Pakistan on its economic, defense and foreign policy fronts. Apropos, carry out a detailed analysis of Indian sponsored / assisted projects directly or indirectly influencing Pakistan and recommend response options to safe guard...
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...relations between the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh are influenced by the fact that Bangladesh was a part of Pakistan from 1947 to 1971, when it achieved independence after the Bangladesh Liberation War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. As part of historical Shimla Agreement, India sought to make sure that Pakistan would take steps to recognize Bangladesh. Pakistan sought China's help in blocking Bangladesh's entry into United Nations until 1974. Behind the scene India rallied behind Bangladesh to help gain international recognition. By end of March 1973, approximately 99 countries had recognized Bangladesh.[1] Pakistan eventually recognised Bangladesh in 1974. History Liberation war and independence After the partition of British Indian Empire by the United Kingdom in 1947, Bangladesh was integrated in Pakistan which was known as East Bengal until 1955 and thereafter as East-Pakistan following the One Unit program. Bilateral relations between the two wings grew strained over the lack of official recognition for the Bengali language, democracy, regional autonomy, disparity between the two wings, ethnic discrimination, and the central government's weak and inefficient relief efforts after the 1970 Bhola cyclone, which had affected millions in East Pakistan. These grievances led to several political agitations in East Bengal and ultimately a fight for full independence. In March 1971, the Pakistan Armed Forces began "Operation Searchlight...
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...& Emerging Sciences FAST school of management, National university of Computer and Emerging Sciences Islamabad, Pakistan This case is written by Fatima Babar, Mubashir Saeed, Syed Awais Ali (MBA students) of FAST School of Management, Islamabad, Pakistan under the supervision of Mr.Adil Amin Kazi (Assistant Professor FAST School of Management, Islamabad, Pakistan). Case study refers to learning purposes only. Cases in management Dated: 25/05/2015 “Pakistan Cricket Board; from Free Fall to the Downfall” Sharyar Khan, the 31st and the second time elected Chairman of the Pakistan Cricket Board since its formation, was in stress the night before the first T20 match between Pakistan and Zimbabwe. After the final visit to the Qaddafi stadium to ensure the arrangements for the match, he sat down on the corner of the stadium to give few thoughts on the emplaced challenges. More than 30,000 spectators will watch the match tomorrow. The passion of cricket in Pakistan is not only commendable but also at times terrifying for the management. Winning the series against the Zimbabwe at the home ground was not the only challenge. Reactive violence from the die heart cricket fans on a loss, media criticism, organizational mafia, terrorism, political pressures and poor team performances were the hard blocks hanging up on his shoulders. Since 1992, when Pakistan became the World Champion, the nation desperately wants to uphold that title again for the country. Keeping in view the...
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...clothing brands in Pakistan” Foreign brands Vs Local brand Consumer Behavior Research Project Report Submitted to: Shahnawaz Adil PREPARED BY: Jawaria Vohra 4533 (javeria.vohra@hotmail.com) Komal Sarwar 4172 ( komi.sarwar@hotmail.com) Mehwish fareed 4266 (m4mehwish32@gmail.com ) Huma sohail (humasohail90@gmail.com) Mariam Shahid (mariam-marry@hotmail.com) CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction. The topic is being researched upon because the Pakistani women now play a vital role in the economy of Pakistan and now have a greater buying power and consumption pattern while purchasing clothes. Clothing is one of the most essential factors of one’s daily life, especially when it comes to women. Gone are the days when women used to sit back at home and their husbands used to shop and buy them a dress a month. Contrary to it the contemporary fashion market is being revolutionized and being known by the women clothing industry at its major part 1.2 Background Globalization has lead to a vast information and decision making set for everyone. Due to globalization, people are aware of product, their attributes, quality, prices and the number of substitutes they can refer for a certain product or service. As a result of globalization, a gap between nations and their culture have reduced, and people are adopting the trends of other countries along side with their own. Since the last few decades, Pakistan has also been experiencing...
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...DEMOCRACY * Give a comprehensive appraisal of the revival of democracy after the interregnum of 1999-2002. (2002) * Debate, National Interests VS Democratic Values in the context of recent political and constitutional developments in Pakistan. (2003) * The rise of religious extremism and militancy has become a major challenge to Pakistan’s internal stability and promotion of democracy. Elaborate. (2008) * Why most countries of the Muslim world are devoid of democratic governance? What changes would you recommend to make them modern democratic states? (2009) * Democracy in Pakistan has remained an elusive dream. Why it has taken so long to develop a road map and follow it with necessary modification? Explain (2009) GOVERNANCE * Governance through ordinances has been the hallmark of all regimes, democratic or otherwise, in Pakistan. In this context briefly review Pakistan’s political, constitutional and judicial landmarks. (2000) * Note: Ramification of Taliban’s style governance. (2000) * Pakistan is suffering from crises of governance at Institutional level. Suggest remedies to mitigate this situation. (2007) GLOBALIZATION * Discuss politics of World Trade Organization and Globalization. (2000) * Globalization, as being shaped by the World Trade Organization in a world of un-equal nation-slates, has un-manageable implications. Discuss. (2003) 911 CONSEQUENCES * “A single catastrophic event –‘Nine Eleven’ – has turned the entire...
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...EntErprisE survEys EntErprisE notE sEriEs EntrEprEnEurship 2011 EntErprisE notE no. 27 Business Environment Perceptions in Afghanistan and Pakistan Judy S. Yang T his note compares business environment perceptions using a unique panel data set of Afghani and Pakistani firms interviewed between 2007 and 2010. Examining the evolution of business climate perceptions within the same group of firms over time allows for a clear picture of how the broad business environment is changing. Firms in both countries are operating in a time of dynamic economic, political, and social changes. However, perceptions of the severity and challenges posed by certain business environment elements differ in the two countries. The World Bank’s Enterprise Analysis Unit surveyed the same group of 319 Afghani firms in 2008 and 2010, as well as a group of 385 Pakistani firms in 2007 and 2010. Survey results show that firm perceptions of the severity and priority of certain business environment elements have changed over time, especially in the areas of electricity, political instability, and corruption. Changes in top obstacle reporting should only be interpreted as changes in what element is currently most relevant to firms. For example, suppose a firm in Afghanistan considers electricity and corruption to be its top two concerns. In 2008, the firm selects electricity as their top obstacle because it is fundamental to daily operations. The firm acquired a generator by 2010, so electricity...
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...PROCESSED & PACKAGED MILK INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN (IN THE CONTEXT OF ENGRO FOODS) Introduction Pakistan is the fourth largest milk producer in the world. Pakistan produces 45 billion liters of milk annually. However, only 36.2 billion liters of milk are usable, as 20 % of this milk goes waste owing to inappropriate methods of storage and lack of timely transportation. Engro Foods is asubsidiaryof Engro Corporation.In 2005,Engro decided to diversify their business by venturing into the food business by establishing Engro Foods Limited. Engro Foods offers a number of products namely, Olpers, Tarang, Olwell, Omore, Owsum, Olfrute, etc., with representative market share of 33% in Pakistan. Engro Foods has two production plants situated at Sukkur and Sahiwal with different combination of products manufactured at each plant. Dairy Milk Industry in Pakistan Milk is amongst the most important consumable and marketable commodities of the world with enormous demand in domestic and international markets. Buffalo is the main source of milk in domestic dairy industry, whereas cow is the main source of milk in international market. Pakistan is the fourth largest milk producing country in the world. 80% percent of milk is produced by farming families from small herds of buffaloes using locally produced feed. They account for 11 % share in the Gross Domestic Product, employ 30-35 million rural people, and constitute 30-40 % of their income. Almost all rural families, especially...
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...Technical Vs Casual Writing Technical writing includes essays, papers, M.A. and Ph.D. theses, and report writing for grants and research. It is highly structured with suggestions for margin lengths, paragraph headings, research and above all a research study with experimental data, and a particular format. Whereas Casual writing has no specific rules to follow except to communicate with another person or group of people. Examples of casual writing would class notes, memos, friendly letters, diaries, and post-it notes, chatting and messaging etc. The finished paper has to be re-read in order to eliminate grammatical or typing errors, as these form part of the grading process in technical writing whereas the casual writer is free write its imagination and write as he or she would speak, without having to stick to a particular format. Sentences are mostly short and direct, with no further explanation needed. We frequently use emoticons, slang words etc while casual writing which sometimes can annoy reader or the message is not clear. Technical writing has advantage over it that the message is concise, understandable, and time saving. In casual writing there may be grammatical mistakes which lead to misunderstanding as compared to technical writing. But in my opinion writing casually is more easy and fun. You can write whatever you want to without tension of maintaining the structure and format of writing. An example of both is: Technical writing: This is to inform you that...
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...SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL CONSTRAINTS OF WOMEN IN PAKISTAN/A country is backward because its people are backward. 3. Democracy has failed to deliver in Pakistan!Discuss./The Future of Democracy in Pakistan/What are the hurdles in our way to becoming a truly independent state? 4. Media-a Mirror to the Society or a Frankensteinian Monster/Power of Media in the Modern World/Globalization and electronic media/The present system of education must assume some of the responsibilities of our failures of media/Truth is a rare commodity despite the freedom enjoys by the print media and electronic media. 5. Palestine is missing from the agenda of the United Nations ;nor is The United States ready to press on nor Israel ready to accommodate Palestinians.Elaborate. 6. The world politics stands more derisive than it was ever before due to the specific imperialist designs/The Politics of Empowerment in Pakistan.Elucidate/Political is the art of possible. Discuss. 7. Pakistan and War on Terror: Gains and Losses 8. Status of Women in Islam./The state of women Rights in Pakistan/Can women be equal to men in Pakistan?/Why is there no status of the third gender in Pakistan?/Does Pakistani society regard women as the angel in the house of the source of all evils? 9. Provincial Autonomy. 10. Climate Change:A Myth or Reality!/Global Warming/Climate Change/Greenhouse Effect 11. Is Foreign Aid the SOLUTION TO POVERTY in Pakistan or Self-reliance might be our saviour ?/Foreign...
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...Planning to Enter Pakistan: A Wise Decision or a Mistake? | | | | | Submitted to: Riaz Khan Submitted by: Yusra Naseem Patel (11497) Muzamil Jawed (13532) Tehseen Nazeer (13426) Institute of Business Management | ABSTRACT: This report focuses on Apple, if it is to launch in Pakistan, what could be the issue that Apple will have to face and what opportunities lay ahead where it can find a new niche market. With low tariffs, better geographical coverage and improved quality, Pakistan mobile market maintained high growth in the telecom industry in the years 2007 and 2008. With more and more companies entering Pakistan, there now stands tough competition. Pakistan has a superior Telecommunication structure operating in the region .Even though, the macro environment of the country is very dynamic and fragile, investors still see an opportunity to invest here and expand the market with high quality services Five years back, people used to depend largely on basic phones, with slight trendy styles. But now, with the revolution in technology and with the introduction of 3Gs and 4G , even the Pakistani market has shifted to using smart phones which now account for more than 20% of the market. Analyzing the current scenario of the Pakistani mobile market, it can be seen that there are few very tough competitors namely Samsung, HTC mobile, Sony, Microsoft windows and HP who have captured the majority of the market. According to the analysts, Pakistan has more growth...
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...“Dowry system and its impact on Pakistan civilization” Executive summary: This research paper argues on the evil of dowry system and its impact on Pakistani civilization. The objectives of this research were to substantiate the effect, favoritism and involvement of people in Dowry system. This research notified that dowry creates imbalance in the status of women and it affect women mentally and physically. Dowry is also a cause of endorsing greed and conflicts in the society. Majority of people are involved in dowry system whether they are educated or illiterate. However, most of the respondents are against this system. Simple random sampling technique and questionnaire as a data collection instrument has used to accomplish this research. Furthermore, reliability analysis has applied to verify the reliability of scale and chi-square has used to check the association of demographics with research questions. Results have been discussed in the light of Pakistani cultural context. Introduction: Marriage plays an important role in human life. As it is a turning point of life. It leads to many problems in life after marriage but before marriage there is a big deal that can affect life after marriage in Pakistan that is dowry system. Among Pakistani society, the dowry system plays the most significant role. Their tentacle far and ample in the society distressing almost every segment of the society and it is especially prevalent in Pakistani culture. Dowry is no longer a...
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