...Fairness as Appropriateness: Negotiating Epistemological Differences in Peer Review Author(s): Grégoire Mallard, Michèle Lamont and Joshua Guetzkow Source: Science, Technology, & Human Values, Vol. 34, No. 5 (September 2009), pp. 573-606 Published by: Sage Publications, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/27786178 . Accessed: 02/10/2013 11:47 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Sage Publications, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Science, Technology, &Human Values. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 199.73.44.216 on Wed, 2 Oct 2013 11:47:01 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Science, Technology, & Human Values Fairness as Volume 34 Number 5 September 2009 573-606 C) 200$; Sage Plications 10.1177/0162243908329381 l*ftp:#$&.sagepub.com hosted at http://online.sagepub.com Appropriateness Negotiating Epistemological Differences in Peer Review Gregoire Mallard Northwestern University Michele Harvard Lamont University...
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...300 Points Possible QUESTIONS: 1. In general, what can you tell people that you learned from Engineering Management II, a project-oriented course? Ans:- The Engineering management helped me to understand various aspects of project management, team building, communication, product development, manufacturing, construction, design engineering, industrial engineering, technology, production. Engineering Management is a specialized form of management that is concerned with the application of engineering principles to business practice. Engineering management is a career that brings together the technological problem-solving savvy of engineering and the organizational, administrative, and planning abilities of management in order to oversee complex enterprises from conception to completion. Following are some perspectives which helped to understand Engineering management concept in details :- Information technologies:- The "information technologies" topic helped me to understand the focuses on how technology is designed and managed to support effective decision-making. The various aspects in engineering management helped me to understand the technical applications in software design and development, data mining and telecommunication as well as the organizational and social issues associated with the use of information technologies. Decision engineering:- Engineering Management additionally helped me to see how to utilize designing standards within...
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...Statement of Cash Flows: Assigned Reading: Chapter 4, Class Notes and “Statements of Cash Flows: Three Examples” 1. What information is contained in the cash flow statement? What insights about a company can be gained by using this information? 2. Based on the statements of cash flows provided for the three undisclosed companies, form initial judgments on each company’s economic situation. The following questions provide some direction for this analysis. a. What clues do the cash flow statements provide about each company’s lines of business? b. What were the firm’s major sources of cash? c. What were the firm’s major uses of cash? d. Was cash flow from operations greater than or less than net income? (To prepare for class discussion, think about the relevance of this question and identify the principal items that give rise to the differences between these two figures.) e. For each company, is the company’s cash flow sufficient to fund operations? f. For each company, is cash flow sufficient to fund investment needed to keep current capacity? That is, did the firm generate enough cash flow from operations to cover their capital expenditures (i.e., investments in depreciable assets/purchases of property, plant, and equipment)? Was the firm able to generate enough cash from operations to pay for all of its capital expenditures and dividend payments to shareholders? If so, what did the company do with its excess free cash flow...
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...Task 2: What is Project Management? A project is a unique in that it is not a routine/daily operation/activity of an entity, but a specific set of operations/activities designed to accomplish a unique goal. A project team often includes people who don’t usually work together – sometimes from different organizations and across multiple geographies. For e.g. the development of software for an improved business process, the construction of a building or bridge, the relief effort after a natural disaster, the expansion of sales into a new geographic market — all are projects. And all must be expertly managed to deliver the on-time, on-budget results, learning and integration that organizations need. Project management, then, is the application of 1. knowledge, 2. skills and 3. techniques to execute projects effectively and efficiently. It’s a strategic competency for organizations, enabling them to tie project results to business goals — and thus, better compete in their markets. 5 Basic Phases of Project Management Project Management Institute, Inc. (PMI) defines project management as "the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to a broad range of activities in order to meet the requirements of a particular project." The process of directing and controlling a project from start to finish may be further divided into 5 basic phases: 1. Project conception and initiation An idea for a project will be carefully examined to determine whether or...
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...Characteristics and Environments of a Human Service Organization Paper BSHS/462 - BUILDING COMMUNITY IN ORGANIZATIONS Introduction When there is an unwanted or unplanned pregnancies are something that many women and men’s live occur every day. There are organization that will offer the help and counseling for these types of crisis for the unwanted or unplanned pregnancies for women and women, who need it. There is also counseling for abortion, the recovery for abortion, adoption and lastly parenting. This paper will talk about the local organizations that provide the counseling to those, who are pregnant. Organizations have a vision and a mission to help those in need. This will also talk about the staffing and the government because it will and does come into play. It will always talk about the organizations and their stakeholder, and how their influences will come into play and how it will have the role in the community. Organization In Jamaica, there is a local organization where it can help those, who are dealing with unwanted or unplanned pregnancies. First Care Family Resources began back in 1995, when two women combine the organizations that they have, so that they can make a difference in their community. This is an organization that based on their faith and reaches out to their community. This organization has a commitment to be able to show the gospel of Christ to those, who are facing this life-changing crisis in their life. The staff acknowledges Jesus...
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...Budgeting Curtis Slack BUS630: Managerial Accounting Brandy Havens November 20, 2012 Budgeting Budgeting is a key factor to the finical success of anything whether it is a personal budget or a company business budget. Personal budgets are used to make sure that a person is not spending more money then what they are making. Business budget works in much the same way but it is way more complicated. Budgeting properly can help any company set its self on track to be profitable. Budgeting begins with in the building and planning process of a company. This paper will describe the main issues companies face while budgeting, it will also display specific current and future application of the budgeting process for the financial success of business. This paper will also describe the budgeting process and will also touch on the three major purposes; “forecasting the future development of the organization (and its environment), coordinating activities and tasks, and motivating employees, The uncertainty innate in any business environment leads to the need for forecasting future developments and events in order to make the right decisions at the right time and to handle the future effectively” (Weber & Linder, 2005). Necessity of a Budget Budgeting is widely misconceived as a “bad” thing. Many times people feel that a budget restricts them and does not allow them to spend as they please. Budgeting works very much the same way a kite works. As a kite starts to soar in the ski...
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...* Institute of Management Accountants Statement of Ethical Professional Practice For accountants that work in industry or management accounting roles, the Institute for Management Accountants requires that its constituents follow the IMA Statement of Ethical Professional Practice including Honesty, Fairness, Objectivity, and responsibility. It’s similar to the AIPCA Code of Professional Conduct, but the AIPCA Code of Professional Conduct emphasizes independence, integrity, and objectivity. And the independence is the backbone of the AICPA profession. This differs from management accounts which are not independent of their employer. Also, the IMA code provides a pattern of behavior to follow if a member is caught in an ethical conflict. • Institute of Internal Auditors Code of Ethics The Institute of Internal Auditors Code of Ethics are integrity, objectivity, confidentiality and competency. These are similar with the AICPA Code.But the IIA focuses on the sector of internal auditor that serves businesses by working within the company. But the AICPA focuses on the sector of the accounting profession that serves investors, lenders and creditors outside of the company. The Institute of Internal Auditors Code of Ethics emphasize objectivity. The AICPA code emphasize independence. • New York Stock Exchange Listing Requirements New York Stock Exchange Listing Requirements emphasize audit committee independence. A corporation's audit committee must...
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...Tobacco and Pollution cause Lung Cancer cases Many people who suffer from Cancer have lived in the environment with lost of toxins around them. There are many sources of such toxins, and some of them are Tobacco and Car emissions. The government has recently tired to prevent people from smoking, In 2009 President Obama came out with an act called Tobacco control Act of 2009 and said, “ The legislation takes measures to prohibit tobacco companies from marketing to children such as making candy flavored cigarettes. It also further limits misleading advertising such as the use of word such as "light" with tobacco products.” As you can see that the government of America and also the government of Canada are trying their best to prevent young people and old from smoking and preventing the retailers selling tobacco to people under age or below 19-20. As I was researching for my project, I came across very interesting articles but they were all different from each other, some said that tobacco and pollution (car emission) are the cause of Lung cancer cases, or that no they are not, or that the rates have gone up for tobacco and car sales, or some would say they haven’t. I tired my best to collect the best of the best. It is suspected that tobacco with its negative reputation that is the larger causes of lung cancer, but other says that car emission is also a cause of lung cancer, so I decide to pick this study and find that data’s for which is really the cause of lung cancer or...
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...Briana Williams India: Boycotts against India/ India conducting business internationally March 1, 2015 Boycotts against India: After reading countless articles and numerous scholarly articles, it can be safe to say that there have been no major Boycotts against India. For years the focus for India has been changing from an agricultural based market to an industrial market. Soon India will become the world largest potential market for goods and services. Not only will there be a large market for consumer goods but also infrastructure development as well as financial and legal services. For the most part, countries are rushing in to do business with India versus boycott India. India is in the process of being the fastest growing economy meaning that other countries are trying to become trading partners with them to profit of the growing economy. Conducting Business: One of the biggest obstacles to overcome when entering the India market or doing business with India is definitely the cultural differences. They do things differently in India. Indian business culture and etiquette is the product of thousands of years of the influence of Hinduism with an overlay of Islam, the British Raj and more recent Western business systems. Understanding the impact of a hierarchical mindset, the complex communication patterns and a myriad of other subtleties can help you refine your approach and hugely improve your chances of success. Many organizations think they can simply transplant...
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...A Time to Prepare Elder Ian S. Ardern This is such a great message with wonderful counsel and ideas on how to better devote our time to the things that matter most. Our first counsel is given to us in the eighth chapter of Preach My Gospel and it addresses the goals in our life. Goals reflect the desires of our hearts and our vision of what we can accomplish. Through goals and plans, our hopes are transformed into action. Goal setting and planning are acts of faith. Prayerfully set goals that are in harmony with the Savior’s commandments. You may also set goals for your personal development. Do everything within your power to achieve your goals while respecting the agency of others. The ultimate measure of success is not in achieving goals alone but in the service you render and the progress of others. Goals are a means of helping you bring about much good among Heavenly Father’s children. They are not to be used to receive recognition. Carefully considered goals will give you clear direction and will help you fill your days with activities that help people. Challenging goals will help you work effectively and lead you to stretch and grow. What kind of goals are we setting? We are given a few guidelines that would be helpful to follow as you set your goals: 1. Follow the Spirit 2. Be specific and realistic, but set goals that will make you stretch. You want your goals to be challenging enough to make you grow but are they unreachable? 3. Set weekly...
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...Air Asia: Flying Low Cost with High Hopes A cost leadership strategy of Air Asia remains viable despite the changing external environment. Although competition and rivalry amongst budget airlines is high, and it is difficult to differentiate from other providers due to the nature of the industry and product, it still has a first mover advantage which makes cost-leadership remain viable. They must remember that a cost leadership strategy can be maintained by be being efficient in all aspects of business and not just getting low prices from suppliers. Since Air Asia has already invested in brand development strategies through strategic alliances with prominent associations (such as F1 and Manchester United) it needs to leverage this more to additionally build its brand. However, the key is for Air Asia to strengthen other aspects of its positioning, such as convenience and integrated lifestyle packages, apart from just focusing on cost. This can be done by continuously focusing on innovation to make customer experience better. They should come out with additional value added services similar to online check in, such as ticketless travel and a free seating policy Air Asia should also look at new short haul routes to better compete with LCC airlines of Malaysian airlines. Various destinations in India can be looked at as they are not long haul and Air Asia can maintain cost leadership here. Forces | Description | Rivalry and Competition | * Threat of new entrants...
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...CHAPTER-8 AWARD OF MEDALS/SCHOLARSHIP/MERIT CERTIFICATE 8.1 General rules The following rules govern the award of medals/scholarships: a. All awards shall be given on the basis of the annual examination results only. No award is permissible on the result of supplementary/special examinations. b. All awards will be given on merit, determined on the basis of marks obtained by the candidate(s). c. If two or more candidates are bracketed together, the award shall go to all such candidates without sharing. The Chairman shall be competent to sanction extra medals/scholarships in such cases. d. Top three positions, awards and merit scholarships shall be determined in only those groups in which the minimum number of students appeared in the SSC and HSSC annual examination is 2000. 8.2 Award of scholarship a. Award of scholarship shall be subject to signing of an agreement with the Board that the candidate shall not join any service during the courses of studies and if he does so, he shall refund the amount already received by him from the date of joining the service. b. A candidate securing at least 60% marks shall be eligible for the scholarship. c. A candidate who clears the annual examination in the first attempt and joins a college/university the same year he shall be eligible for the scholarship. d. A candidate getting free education shall not be entitled to scholarship. e. The amount of the scholarship shall be paid annually and shall be more in the case of a boarder. f...
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...FI515 Homework Week 5 10-8 NPV IRRs and MIRRs for independent Projects Using Excel NPV, IRR, and MIRR functions: r= | 14% | | | | | | | | cost of truck | (17,100) | | | | | | | | cost of pulley | (22,430) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | NPV | year | truck | pulley | | IRR | year | Truck | Pulley | | 0 | (17,100) | (22,430) | | | 0 | (17,100) | (22,430) | | 1 | 5,100 | 7,500 | | | 1 | 5,100 | 7,500 | | 2 | 5,100 | 7,500 | | | 2 | 5,100 | 7,500 | | 3 | 5,100 | 7,500 | | | 3 | 5,100 | 7,500 | | 4 | 5,100 | 7,500 | | | 4 | 5,100 | 7,500 | | 5 | 5,100 | 7,500 | | | 5 | 5,100 | 7,500 | | | | | | | | | | | Truck | Pulley | | | | | | | NPV | 409 | 3,318 | | | | | | | IRR | 15% | 20% | | | | | | | MIRR | 14.54% | 17.19% | | | | | | | Both Projects are acceptable. 10-9 NPVs and IRRs for Mutually Exclusive Projects Using Excel NPV and IRR functions: r= | 12% | | | | | | | | | | | | | electric cost | (22,000) | | | | | | gas cost | (17,500) | | | | | | | | | | | | | NPV | | | | IRR | | | year | electric | Gas | | year | electric | gas | 0 | (22,000) | (17,500) | | 0 | (22,000) | (17,500) | 1 | 6,290 | 5,000 | | 1 | 6,290 | 5,000 | 2 | 6,290 | 5,000 | | 2 | 6,290 | 5,000 | 3 | 6,290 | 5,000 | | 3 | 6,290 | 5,000 | 4 | 6,290 | 5,000 | | 4 | 6,290 | 5,000 | 5 | 6,290...
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...Pelle the Conqueror - A Motivation to pursue social democracy In the early twentieth century, a famous Danish writer Martin Andersen Nexo wrote many literature masterpieces to depict the life of working class in Scandinavian countries. Pelle the Conqueror Volume 01, one of his most reputational works which he described as “ the novel of the first organized stage of labor’s development,” ( Thompson, 1) has won the fame of the world and given people the inspirational power to fight for their freedom and human rights. More importantly, his works accurately reflect the period when people in the lower class, especially workers had experienced the oppression of the upper class and reveal the beginning of socialist movement in European countries in the early nineteenth century. “Martin Andersen Nexo was born in Copenhagen on 26 June 1869” (Ingwersen, 1) . As a communist writer, he devoted his whole life in the career of socialism and to spread communist ideology in those countries, he wrote many literature works depicting the labor movement in Scandinavian countries, especially Denmark. As an adamant opponent of Fascism and Nazism, Nexo was temporarily detained from the German Army and eventually realeased. He experienced many turmoils and finally moved to East Germany and passed away with the East German’s citizen honor. During the time Nexo was writing Pelle the Conqueror, the countries in Scandinavian region were still in agriculture centralized economic condition, and...
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...Personal Ethics Development Paper PHL/323 March 26, 2012 Frank Campbell Personal Ethics Development Paper Today, the world is encountering many situations that make people question personal ethics in and out of the workplace. Ethics are the principles, norms, and standards of conduct governing an individual or organization” (Treviño & Nelson, 2007, p. 13); ethics form the basis for determining the correct action, or moral behavior, in a particular situation. Everyone is given the freedom to choose right and wrong but when does an individual go from good to bad. Is it true that there are good apples and bad apples in the world? I live by an ethical system that I have observed over the last 28 years of my life. That system has been influenced by watching my parents work and live their everyday lives. How does ethics development occur? What is my ethical system? Does setting proper work ethics improve overall performance in the workplace? Why are ethics needed in an organization? Ethics are the foundation for individuals and organizations around the world. My ethics development has occur over many years of my life. I still believe that I am in the development stage. I remember growing up and observing everyone around and just beginning to understand right from wrong. At an early age, I was always doing things I shouldn’t be doing because at a young age we are still learning and figuring out how the world works. Once we begin to understand, then...
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