Analytical Paradigms: * Classic criminology * People have free will and make rational choices * Positivist criminology * People are pulled or pushed by internal or external forces
Deterrence theory: * Basic premise: * All individuals choose to obey or violate the law by a rational calculation of the risk of pain versus potential pleasure derived from the act * Principles of punishment: * Severity * Penalties should be severe enough * Certainty * The probability that a criminal will be caught and punished should be high * Celerity * The time interval between crime and punishment should be small and short * Deterrence types: * Specific * Threatening effect on apprehended and punished offenders * General * Threatening effect on those who have not committed crime

Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime * The level of self-control is the common cause of all types of criminal behaviors * Self-control develops in the early childhood and is not likely to change throughout the life course * The relationship between self-control and criminal behaviors is likely to remain the same in different cultural settings
Low Self-control * Impulsivity * Tend to have concrete ‘here and now’ orientation * Simple tasks * Prefer to easy or simple gratifications of desires and try to avoid complex tasks * Risk seeking * Tend to be adventuresome rather than cautious * Physical activities * Prefer to physical rather than cognitive or mental activities * Self-centered * Tend to be self-centered, indifferent or insensitive to the suffering and needs of others * Temper * Tend to have minimal tolerance for frustration and little ability to respond to conflict through verbal rather