...chemicals to control pests in his vegetable farm. However, he was not completely satisfied with various botanical pest control measures being promoted in northern Thailand. He reports that even though certain natural insect repellents were beneficial, their effects were too limited. Additionally, finding adequate amounts of necessary raw plant materials and processing them into sprays was laborious and time consuming. When Mr. Prakrit first heard about wood vinegar in 2000 he was intrigued. Compelled by the idea of a natural by-product of charcoal production that can control pests and diseases of crops, he bought his first bottle. Having used the product, Mr. Prakrit was pleased with the ease of mixing and application. Ultimately, after observing much fewer insect pests and fungal diseases on his crops, he became convinced of the effectiveness of wood vinegar. Not long afterwards, Mr. Prakrit became self sufficient in producing both charcoal and wood vinegar with a 200-liter horizontal drum kiln. He has been an advocate of wood vinegar ever since. Wood vinegar (pryoligneous liquor) is rapidly gaining acceptance as an essential Asian natural farming input. Reported agricultural use as a fertilizer and growth-promoting agent goes back to the 1930s, making the product a relatively new innovation. Uses of Wood Vinegar According to Thailand’s Department of Agriculture, wood vinegar has the following broad benefits: • Improvement of soil quality • Elimination of pests •...
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...“Analysis of charcoal value chains general considerations” Steve Sepp – Eco Consulting Group - Germany On behalf of 1 Table of Content Introduction............................................................................................................................................. 2 Importance of promoting the charcoal value chain ................................................................................ 3 Common issues characterizing the charcoal value chain ........................................................................ 3 Analyzing the charcoal value chain ......................................................................................................... 4 Building a roadmap for charcoal value chain upgrading ......................................................................... 7 Conclusions............................................................................................................................................ 10 References ............................................................................................................................................. 11 Introduction Charcoal is a prime source of energy in most African country, as well as a driving force of their economies with estimated annual growth rates of around 3.7 percent [1]. Surprisingly enough, policy makers pay little attention to the ways in which charcoal is produced and sold – e.g. the question as to whether wood used for charcoal burning is harvested...
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...Advantages of using Paper Charcoal 1. Concentrated. Since Paper Charcoals are created from compressing combustible material such as paper, it is denser, harder, and more compact compared to other charcoals. 2. Slow-burning. The compression process allows the paper charcoal to burn for a lot longer than if it was loose in its original form. 3. More efficient. Along with the compactness of the paper charcoal is the increase in heating value. This greater efficiency can be attributed to their low moisture and density. 4. Availability. Paper is the main component in producing this product. So where do we get this paper? Look around you, and there are loads of paper materials here, there, and everywhere. 5. Easily stored. The size and shape of paper charcoal make them easily be stored. We can readily pile them in several heaps because of their fun shapes like cubical, spherical, cylindrical, or rectangular blocks. They are likewise clean to handle and be packed into bags. 6. Cheaper. Since this charcoal can be domestically made from waste paper, they are consequently less expensive to produce, and thereby sold at lower prices. 7. Renewable. This charcoal makes use of waste materials which are common and renewable. Hence, we are ensured of the sustainability of such fuel source. 8. Easier to lit. The use of paper as the main component makes it easier to light compared to wood charcoals. Therefore, the use of gas, plastic and other methods of ignition will no longer be necessary. 9...
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...White coal is a form of fuel produced by drying chopped wood over a fire. It differs from charcoal which is carbonised wood. White coal was used in England to smelt lead ore from the mid-sixteenth to the late seventeenth centuries. It produces more heat than green wood but less than charcoal and thus prevents the lead evaporating.[1] White coal could be used mixed with charcoal for other industrial uses than lead smelting.[2] White coal was produced in distinctive circular pits with a channel, known as Q-pits. They are frequently found in the woods of South Yorkshire. Nowadays white coal is made from [3] * Groundnut shells * Cotton hulls and salks * Castor seed shells * Forest leaves; wood chips and shavings * Sugarcane bagasse * Rice husk and paddy straw * Mustard waste * Coir dust * Coffee husk * Sunflower waste * Maize stalks * Bajra cobs * Sesame seeds oil cake * Wheat straw Benefits of white coal:[4][5][6] * White coal is cheaper than coal and fire wood. * There is no sulphur in the white coal, therefore no toxic gases. * Moisture content is nil. * Biomass briquettes have a higher practical thermal value. * Briquettes have consistent quality, have high burning efficiency, and are ideally sized for complete combustion. * Combustion is more uniform compared to coal and boiler response to changes in steam requirements is faster, due to higher quantity of volatile matter in briquettes. *...
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...of a Paper Charcoal as an Alternative Fuel Source Objectives: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of a paper charcoal and a wood charcoal in producing fire. It specifically aims to determine: 1. Which can last longer between the paper charcoal and wood charcoal as fuel source. 2. Which is more effective to use as a fuel source. Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the paper charcoal and the wood charcoal as an alternative fuel source. Scope and Limitation: This study is limited to the effectiveness of the paper charcoal as an alternative fuel source. It focuses more on the advantages of paper charcoal when used in cooking. It also compares the advantages of the paper charcoal to the wood charcoal as a fuel source. Significance of the Study: People living in big cities have scarcity in coal. By this study, it will help the people on how to find coal. This study can contribute to the easiest method in making coal as an alternative fuel source. People now and then start recycling old news papers and scratch papers. With this, we can lessen problems that the people are facing, like garbage that are scattered in the surroundings. It can make work easier and can save money. It can also lessen the numbers of woods that are cut down to make wood charcoal. Review of Related Literature: Man's use of charcoal extends...
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...music is termed ………………………………. a. dynamics b. rhythm c. pitch 5. In dancing when someone lift the arm high and wave in the air it can be referred to as ….............. a. instruments b. ensemble c. gesture 6. A design or a pattern used as a decoration is called ………………………………… a. appliqué b. pattern c. motif 7. A type of needle work in which small pieces of fabric are sewn or stuck in a pattern onto a larger piece is ……………………………….. a. appliqué b. pattern c. motif 8. ………………………………… is the expression of feelings and ideas using tools like pencil, crayon, and charcoal on a flat surface. a. Drawing b. Frottage c. Letter colle 9. A way in which something such as lines, shapes, colours are arranged to form a design is called ……………………………………….. a. colouring b. drawing c. pattern making 10. Rubbing the surface of paper against a rough surface using pencil, crayon or charcoal is called ………………………………………… a. letter colle b. frottage c. copying 11. Which of these is used for measuring? a. needle b. thimble c. tape measure 12. A piece of fabric can be stitched using ……………………………. a. thimble b. tape measure c. needle 13. Any article or physical object brought to the stage during the performance of drama other than the costume and painted scenery is called ………………………………… a. drum b. prop c. dance 14. Using letters of the alphabet to create patterns by pasting is called...
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...research paper because I want to discover or shall we say explore more about the essence of using paper coal rather than gas stove or wood. I want to learn more about the advantages and disadvantages of using paper coal. I hope that other people may read my research paper and understand its content.I wanted to find out whether paper charcoal could be an alternative for regular charcoal so that fewer trees will be cut down for the purpose of making charcoal. I also hope to prove that paper charcoal is better than charcoal in terms of: a. Speed b. Reliability c. Reusability d. Value for money Statement of problem. This study aims of comparing paper charcoal composed of newspaper against commercial charcoal made of wood. Specifically on the following manner: 1. Which type of charcoal has the best speed? 2. Which type of charcoal is the more trusted in cooking? 3. Can each type of charcoal be used more than once? 4. Which one is worth your money? Significance of my research: 1. Environment- the study aims to prove that paper charcoal is better, thus reducing the number of trees cut down. 2. Community- the study benefits the community because if proven right, people start to buy or make paper charcoal and doing either is cheaper than buying regular charcoal. Many schools had already conducted this research paper but I still choose this because I want to endorse this research paper within my own school. This research is limited to the effectiveness of the paper charcoal...
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...Medium: Charcoal, Graphite, Carbon on White Paper Step One: I am using charcoal for the background and graphite for the subject. I'm using Arches 140 lbs hot press watercolor paper for this drawing. This is one of my favorite papers. It has enough tooth to create dark values yet is smooth enough for very delicate textures. In this first step, I have cut out the shape of my subject(s) in frisket film and applied it to the paper. Then, I applied 3b soft charcoal to the background to begin creating a wood texture. Step Two: Next, I blended the charcoal with a piece of felt and added the beginnings of wood grain. I repeated this several times to build up a solid tone. After pulling out some highlights with a clic eraser, I used a sharp hard charcoal pencil to create shadows to help create slivers and chips in the wood. I also applied masking tape at this point. I will be drawing masking tape in these areas later. Some of the wood texture will show through from the previous step and give my drawn masking tape a little more transparency. Step Three: Then, I sprayed the drawing with fixative, Peeled off the frisket and began rendering the subjects. I used a 6h graphite pencil to add tone to the paper and blended with a chamois. In some areas, I applied the graphite with the chamois. For those of you that haven’t tried blending with a chamois, it can produce incredibly subtle tones – almost like an air brush. I use a kneaded eraser to pull out the crinkles in the paper. I am...
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...ALTERNATIVE CHARCOAL OUT OF USE PAPER BAGS Jayson Andrew F.Paguia Nomo Angelo E.Mendoza Carlo Ducao Arjohn Malabanan IV-Aguinaldo Abstract The Investigatory Project “Alternative Charcoal out of use paper bags” Help the consumers and save money Introduction (a).Background of the Study The paperbags is use to substitute of using plastic bags in market and store because of increasing garbage.Because of the paperbags is used only once. We decided to use paperbags as substitute the common charcoal that made in burning wood. This study aims to recyle the used paperbags that used in markets and store.The benefits of this investigatory project is to save money and let other people know the use of paperbag charcoal as substitute of wooden charcoal. (b). Statement of the Problem * The Effectiveness of paperbags charcoal and wood charcoal * To lessen the garbage * To save money This study aims to know the effectiveness of paperbags as a charcoal,We also want to save money and lessen the garbage in this country. (c). Objectives This study aims to recyle the paperbags that use in market and store as substitute in using plastics.As to help the environment we decided to recyle the paperbags and make it a charcoal in this investigatory project we can also save money and lessen the air pollution because of the trees that needs tot burn to make a charcoal. (d). Significance of the Study Consumers – They can use this study to know what are...
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...Africa) We are also fortunate that both Chidumayo and Gumbo are passionate about charcoal! (We will be featuring Dr. Gumbo’s presentation in our next review.) When we learned Dr. Chidumayo would be honored at the international ATBC-SCB conference in Arusha, Tanzania, in June (where we organized a symposium and workshop on charcoal) we pounced on him! Dr. Emmanuel Chidumayo is considered the dean of African tropical ecologist. He presented at TCP's charcoal symposium. Dr. Chidumayo was gracious enough to present at our symposium and participate in our workshop. (I was also lucky enough to be seated next to him at dinner where he regaled me with the stories about how he began his career as an ecologist, his time in government, and his passion for conservation.) Dr. Chidumayo’s presentation, “Environmental Impacts of Charcoal Production in Tropical Ecosystems of the World,” is a treasure trove of information. In addition to the scholarly research, my favorite part is the takeaway message, which I’ve transcribed below: The charcoal industry has great potential to contribute to rural development because production utilizes locally available and potentially renewable resources. The charcoal industry can generate employment and local income in both rural and urban areas. Additionally, Dr. Chidumayo points to the following necessary changes in policies: 1. Recognition of charcoal as a key source of energy. 2. Establishment of specific institutions to implement...
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...Charcoal is a light, black residue, consisting of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood or other substances in the absence of oxygen (see char and biochar). It is usually an impure form of carbon as it contains ash; however, sugarcharcoal is among the purest forms of carbon readily available, particularly if it is not made by heating but by a dehydration reaction withsulfuric acid to minimise the introduction of new impurities, as impurities can be removed from the sugar in advance. The resulting soft, brittle, lightweight, black, porous material resembles coal. Subtitle: A Boise State University study proves that low-energy feedstocks can be densified and when combusted produce heat output comparable to higher energy content fuels. By Owen McDougal, Seth Eidemiller, Nick Weires. November 23, 2010 By the way, according to one of those online dictionaries, “feedstock” refers to “the raw material that is required for an industrial process.“ Intro Research at Boise State University in Idaho, explored both the caloric content and shape to optimize burn efficiency of the biobriquettes. The energy content of briquettes ranged from 4.48 to 5.95 kilojoule per gram (kJ/g) depending on composition, whereas the energy content of sawdust, charcoal and wood pellets ranged from 7.24 to 8.25 kJ/g. Biobriquettes molded into a hollow-core...
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...Fuel from the Fields Charcoal B a c k g r o u n d More than 2 billion people use wood, charcoal, dung or agricultural residues as the primary fuel for their cooking and heating needs, leading to significant health, economic and environmental consequences. Burning wood or agricultural residues produces smoke with a variety of irritant pollutants, some of which are known carcinogens. More than 1.5 million deaths a year are caused by acute respiratory infections from breathing smoke from indoor cooking fires. Women and children are generally exposed to the greatest levels of pollutants and it is children who suffer the greatest health risk – respiratory infections are the leading cause of death of young children worldwide. Small-scale subsistence farmers who make less than US$2 per day may use wood charcoal for cooking fuel. In areas where wood is scarce and farmers are not able to collect it themselves, the cost of cooking fuel is a significant drain on their limited resources. An estimated 50 billion hours are spent collecting firewood each year and families can spend over 25% of their income on fuel, leaving them with less income to cover other basic needs such as medicine, food and clean water. For comparison, even the poorest 20% of the U.S. population spends only 1% of their income on energy for their household. In the year 2000, indoor air pollution from solid fuel use was responsible for more than 1.6 million annual deaths and 2.7% of the global burden of disease. -World...
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...or green charcoals. Green charcoal is a household fuel produced from agricultural waste materials to replace wood and charcoal in cooking stoves. The product has 2 inch length, 2 inch width, and 1 inch height dimensions. It is a pillow-shaped charcoal with a recyclable paper bag packaging. The brand name “E-COAL” means ECONOMIC and ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY charcoal. The product will set up a standing of being and environment-friendly and affordable alternative fuel. PRODUCT FEATURES LESS SMOKE: The charcoal blocks burn with less smoke, compared to usual charcoals, during ignition and combustion. LOW ASH CONTENT: Minimum residual ash is formed (less than 5% of the original weight of the charcoal). ODORLESS: The biomass charcoal blocks contains minimum evaporative substances, thus eliminating the possibility of odor. LONGER BURNING HOURS: Two times longer burning hours compared to hardwood charcoal. SPARK LESS: These charcoal briquettes will not produce sparks as compared to hardwood charcoal. LESS CRACK & BETTER STRENGTH: Less crack & better strength make the charcoal burn. MARKET ANALYSIS Hardwood charcoals are widely used in suburban areas and even in cities. Charcoal is basically a tool for cooking and also the cheapest among the other alternatives. Suppliers of hardwood charcoals are mostly found in public markets. The target market is basically household and industries or businesses that use charcoal in their...
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...July 20, 2016, Habang nanonood ako ng New Testament nagtitiklop ako nito. Tapos May mga bagay doon na nakasagot sa mga tanong ko. Kaya naisipan kong mag take notes sa mga papel na mahahablot ko. Kaya magulo sulat ko at naisipan kong iprint nalang para mas mabasa ko pagdatin ng panahon na may mga problema ako at trials at ito ang magiging guide ko sa buhay ko. Una, nagtanong yung mga tao kung paano mamuhay ng masaya at mapayapa, sinagot ni JOHN THE BAPTIST: Share with the poor, tell the truth, be fair with others. Para sa akin nang mapakinggan ko yan naisip ko talaga na mahalaga pala talaga ang service, kaya pala gusto ng Diyos na tumulong tayo sa kapwa natin, mahalaga din maging honest at pantay kasi kung gagawin mo nga naman yung mga bagay na ito magiging masaya ka dahil mapiplease mo ang Diyos. Obey God’s commandments, madaling sabihin mahirap gawin, hindi mo lahat magagawa pero magawa mo manlang ng step by step nagagawa mo ay magiging masaya ang Ama sa Langit para sayo. AVOID the DEVIL & be filled with the Holy Ghost. Believe in HIM and Choose the Right, maraming tao ang hindi naniwala sa Diyos pero tuloy parin Siya sa pagtuturo sa tao at pagpapatotoo sa mga taong makasalanan. Mahal ng Ama sa Langit ang makasalanan pero hindi gusto ang kasalanan. Meron ditong nakasulat na sinabi mismo ng Tagapagligtas kung ano dapat ang mga taglay natin ugali para makapiling ang Ama sa Langit: be gentle, patient, & willing to obey Heavenly Father, be righteous & forgive others...
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...CHARCOAL AS AN ALTERNATIVE INK A Science Investigatory Project Presented to the Faculty of the Special Science Class Leonora S. Salapantan National High School San Miguel, Iloilo CRIS BERNADETTE S. CALDEDERO Special Science Class fourth year Section A March 2015 09071949701 Chapter I Introduction Background of the Study One of the most important historical applications of wood charcoal was as a constituent of gunpowder. It was also used in metallurgical operations as a reducing agent, but its application has been diminished by the introduction of coke, anthracite smalls, etc. A limited quantity is made up into the form of drawing crayons; but the greatest amount is used as a fuel, which burns hotter and cleaner than wood. Charcoal is often used by blacksmiths, for cooking, and for other industrial applications. One additional use of charcoal rediscovered recently is in horticulture. Although American gardeners have been using charcoal for a short while, research on Terra preta soils in the Amazon has found the widespread use of biochar by pre-Columbian natives to turn otherwise unproductive soil into very rich soil. The technique may find modern application, both to improve soils and as a means of carbon sequestration. The world today is suffering for an economic crisis; many people seem to realize the importance of each item that needs to be bought. Ink is an ordinary item but prevalent in everyday use. Some things that provide ink for its functions...
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