Identify a company (or school) that has been a target of a network or system intrusion? What information was targeted? Was the attack successful? If so, what changes has the company (or school) made to ensure that this vulnerability has been controlled?

As a response to the question, I would like to present a case of cyber espionage that happened in 2004 with the US Military and Defense. The series of attacks were designated as the Titan Rain by the FBI and known as one of the largest attacks in the history of Cyber espionage. Some claims that the attack was ongoing for three years while other believes they lasts for several days.(http://www.dvice.com/archives/2010/09/7_of_the_most_d.php)
The main purpose of the attack was to steal confidential and sensitive information and patterns of the US army. Upon my research I have found out that there are many have assumptions about who can be the potential attacker and most of them claims that it could be either China (government supported cells) or Chinese mafia. In one particular article the author James A. Lewis contradicts the these assumptions and states that the attack was taken in action by the bored teenagers of California just for excitement as US officials performed further research. James points out that the intelligence services of China are not so lousy and clumsy would leave footprints after the operation. He also adds that China having one of the most sophisticated opponent and can launch an attack from other contraries. (James A. Lewis, CSIS, Computer Espionage Titan Rain and China) In another article Ira Winkler says that attack was traced down to China and they performed the attack not just to gain the sensitive information about the Defense and Military system of the US Army but also to gain the information about the companies working with them for example communication companies food supply chain and furthermore what kind of products they are using, the patterns which they follow etc. Ira says that after some years the same kinds of products and patterns were observed in china and their local companies. Reports also concludes that Titan Rain not only steals information from the remote computers but also "Zombify" (make them work maliciously) them. A Sandia National laboratory employee Shawn Carpenter was believed to be the one to discover series of large cyber attacks for which he lost his job.

http://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/csep590/05au/readings/titan.rain.htm http://www.computerworld.com/article/2559195/security0/guard-against-titan-rain-hackers.html http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/051214_china_titan_rain.pdf http://www.dvice.com/archives/2010/09/7_of_the_most_d.php http://www.giac.org/paper/gsec/1377/host-vs-network-based-intrusion-detection-systems/102574