1. Fill out the table below according to the Forms of Prevention Review. (5) | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Tertiary Prevention | Description of Patient | Healthy showing no signs or risk factors | Has risk factors, showing early stages of disease, outwardly healthy but inwardly unhealthy | Has full blown disease with apparent signs and symptoms | Stage of Natural History of Disease | Pre-disease stage – no disease present | Asymptomatic/latent stage, showing no outward signs or symptoms | Symptomatic/disease stage showing outward signs and symptoms | Goal of Prevention | Prevent risk factors and retain healthy status | Aimed at preventing disease and reduce the risk factors already present | Preventing complications of disease/slow down or stop progression of disease | 2. Provide 3 clinical scenarios or examples of Primary Prevention interventions. (5)
Each scenario should include all 3 criteria from the table above- description of patient, stage of natural history of disease and goal of prevention.
1. Patient is a 3-year old girl who is in the 65th percentile for height and weight, showing no signs of any illness. Mother vaccinates child with the MMV vaccine to prevent her from contracting the diseases before entering school.
2. Twenty-two year old healthy college senior is traveling to Haiti for a mission trip, and begins taking Malarone to prevent herself from contracting malaria while she is there. She continues to take the medication for 7 days after her trip to eliminate the chances that she will get the disease.
3. The Jones family always is sure to wear their seatbelts properly while traveling in their van to make sure they are as safe as possible if an accident occurs. They are all healthy with no current injuries, and hope to remain that way.
3. Provide 3 clinical scenarios or examples of Secondary Prevention interventions. (5)
Each scenario should include all 3 criteria from the table above- description of patient, stage of natural history of disease and goal of prevention.
1. Mary is a 4th generation woman in her family and externally very health. Each woman above her was diagnosed with some stage of breast cancer at some point in their life. She receives a mammogram 3 times a year knowing that she is at higher risk of getting breast cancer than most other women.
2. Sixty year old John goes to the dermatologist regularly to remove any skin lesions that are cancerous before they develop and spread to other parts of his body. Although he has skin lesions present, the doctor is able to screen for them and remove them before they get more serious.
3. Nancy has had hypertension for 5 years now and takes medication twice daily to keep her blood pressure within a normal range. Although she has already been diagnosed with hypertension, the medication will help prevent any kind of complications such as kidney failure or heart attack. She is internally unhealthy, but takes the medication to remain healthy externally.
4. Provide 3 clinical scenarios or examples of Tertiary Prevention interventions. (5)
Each scenario should include all 3 criteria from the table above- description of patient, stage of natural history of disease and goal of prevention.
1. Katie has been diagnosed with stage 2 leukemia. She begins chemotherapy immediately to prevent the cancer from spreading further and to improve her quality of life for the time being.
2. Ben had a stroke at just 53 years old and now has limited mobility in his legs. He begins to go to rehab to prevent blood clots from forming in his legs, and to rebuild the strength to be able to walk again sometime in the future.
3. Jamie broke her left arm in a car accident a few weeks ago, and now that all other minor injuries have been treated, she begins to see a physical therapist regularly to be able to drive and return to work as soon as possible.