lonestar1302exam4

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. James Meredith is best known as the: a. | organizer of the Freedom Rides. | b. | black person who refused to give up his seat on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. | c. | first black student admitted into the University of Mississippi. | d. | first black congressman elected since Reconstruction. | e. | organizer of the Poor People’s Campaign. |

____ 2. Who was the recipient of Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail”? a. | President Kennedy. | d. | Other civil rights leaders. | b. | Local clergymen. | e. | Newspaper men. | c. | Local white businessmen. |

____ 3. When Birmingham police chief Bull Connor used nightsticks, high-pressure hoses, and attack dogs on young civil rights protesters: a. | there was little public response. | b. | there was a public outcry only in the North. | c. | there was a wave of revulsion globally. | d. | President Kennedy abandoned his support for the civil rights movement. | e. | U.S. attorney general Robert Kennedy asked Martin Luther King Jr. to stop the protests. |

____ 4. To combat communism, one of John Kennedy’s first acts was to: a. | call for a summit meeting between the two superpowers. | b. | increase military spending on ballistic missiles. | c. | suggest a ban on nuclear weapons. | d. | deploy combat troops to Vietnam. | e. | establish the Peace Corps. |

____ 5. During the Bay of Pigs invasion: a. | the CIA failed in its mission. | b. | Eisenhower suspended trade with Cuba. | c. | the CIA restored Fulgencio Batista to power. | d. | a popular uprising of anti-Castro Cubans toppled Castro’s regime. | e. | Fidel Castro took over American landholdings. |

____ 6. The Cuban Missile Crisis: a. | brought the United States and the Soviets to the brink of nuclear war. | b. | brought the United States into Vietnam. | c. | revolved around the placement of missiles in the Soviet Union. | d. | revolved around the placement of missiles in the United States. | e. | occurred when Cuba threatened to attack the United States. |

____ 7. Regarding civil rights during his presidency, John F. Kennedy: a. | immediately addressed the demands of black activists. | b. | remained completely uninvolved. | c. | was reluctant to address the movement’s demands until 1963. | d. | instructed his brother Robert Kennedy to immediately enforce desegregation in the South. | e. | proposed a civil rights bill his first week in office. |

____ 8. What event forced John F. Kennedy to take meaningful action in support of the civil rights movement? a. | Selma-to-Birmingham March. | d. | Greensboro sit-ins. | b. | March on Washington rally. | e. | Freedom Summer campaign. | c. | King’s demonstrations in Birmingham. |

____ 9. Lyndon Johnson remarked, “I think we delivered the South to the Republican Party” after: a. | sending troops to Vietnam. | b. | agreeing to meet with Martin Luther King Jr. | c. | passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. | d. | implementation of the Great Society program. | e. | passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. |

____ 10. The 1965 Voting Rights Act: a. | banned discrimination at national party conventions. | b. | empowered local officials to supervise voter registration. | c. | empowered federal officials to oversee voter registration. | d. | was vetoed by President Johnson. | e. | was proposed but never passed by Congress. |

____ 11. The Great Society: a. | included Lyndon Johnson’s crusade to end poverty in America. | b. | was John F. Kennedy’s initiative to end poverty in America. | c. | promised a guaranteed income for all Americans. | d. | was seen as impossible to achieve. | e. | included a national health insurance plan for all Americans. |

____ 12. Malcolm X: a. | supported integration efforts. | b. | worked with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. | c. | insisted that blacks have economic and political autonomy. | d. | felt that the Black Power movement went too far. | e. | was inspired by the efforts of Booker T. Washington. |

____ 13. The New Left: a. | was made up mostly of black college students. | b. | focused their activism on economic justice. | c. | called for a democracy of citizen participation. | d. | was made up of children of the Old Left. | e. | had made their peace with consumer culture. |

____ 14. The Gulf of Tonkin resolution: a. | authorized the president to take “all necessary measures to repel armed attack” in Vietnam. | b. | authorized the president to take “all necessary measures to repel armed attack” in Cuba. | c. | was a formal declaration of war. | d. | called for an immediate end to the hostilities in Southeast Asia. | e. | had little Senate support at the time. |

____ 15. By 1968, the number of U.S. troops in Vietnam: a. | was less than in 1965. | b. | was decreasing as the peace process accelerated. | c. | exceeded half a million as the war became more brutal. | d. | was reduced, as President Johnson considered running for another term. | e. | was of little concern to most Americans. |

____ 16. The counterculture of the 1960s can best be described as: a. | a rejection of mainstream values. | b. | a quest for group identity. | c. | a movement in search of purity. | d. | a movement that emphasized the ideal of homogeneity. | e. | a movement that rejected consumer culture. |

____ 17. In the Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan: a. | focused on the plight of working-class women. | b. | emphasized the role of child rearing for women. | c. | focused on the discontents of middle-class women. | d. | focused on the particular plight of black women. | e. | emphasized the role women played in the antiwar movement. |

____ 18. At the 1968 Miss America beauty pageant, feminist protesters threw all of the following items into the “freedom trash can” EXCEPT: a. | girdles. | d. | copies of Playboy. | b. | high-heeled shoes. | e. | birth-control pills. | c. | bras. |

____ 19. In the 1960s, Latino rights in particular were the focus of the: a. | Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. | b. | United Farm Workers. | c. | Mattachine Society. | d. | Redstockings. | e. | NAACP. |

____ 20. On April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated: a. | while in Memphis, supporting a garbage workers’ strike. | b. | as he launched the Poor People’s Campaign in Dallas. | c. | and while the nation mourned his death, there was no violence. | d. | and congressional support for the Open Housing Act declined. | e. | and no one was ever charged for the crime. |

____ 21. What were the student protesters who occupied Tiananmen Square in Beijing in June 1989 demanding? a. | Fair wages and better working conditions. | b. | Suspension of martial law imposed earlier that year. | c. | An end to communism in China. | d. | Freedom for Taiwan. | e. | Greater democracy. |

____ 22. The Velvet Revolution was: a. | the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. | b. | the Republican victory at the 1994 congressional elections. | c. | the end of apartheid in South Africa. | d. | the mass organization of middle-class African-American men in Washington, D.C. | e. | what Democrats called Bill Clinton’s victory in 1992. |

____ 23. By the end of 1991, Soviet attempts at economic reform had created chaos, and the: a. | Soviet military staged a successful coup. | b. | Soviet Union dissolved, ending the Cold War. | c. | United States had to intervene with financial aid. | d. | Soviets sought U.S. assistance. | e. | Soviets turned to the United Nations for help. |

____ 24. Which African state, which had practiced apartheid for decades, elected Nelson Mandela president in 1994? a. | Ghana. | d. | South Africa. | b. | Congo. | e. | Mozambique. | c. | Angola. |

____ 25. The New World Order referred to by President George H. W. Bush: a. | included a continuation of the Cold War with the Soviets. | b. | was the return of American isolationism. | c. | implied the need for global human rights. | d. | was never clearly defined. | e. | included a continuation of the Cold War with communist China. |

____ 26. After Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, George H. W. Bush immediately sent American troops to: a. | Israel. | d. | Iran. | b. | Saudi Arabia. | e. | Egypt. | c. | Kuwait. |

____ 27. The third-party candidate Ross Perot: a. | received few votes in the 1992 presidential election. | b. | criticized only President Bush’s foreign policy. | c. | ran as a Progressive Party candidate. | d. | received the least votes for a third-party candidate since Theodore Roosevelt. | e. | received the most votes for a third-party candidate since Theodore Roosevelt. |

____ 28. NAFTA: a. | created a free-trade zone for the United States, Mexico, and Canada. | b. | created a free-trade zone for the United States, Great Britain, and Canada. | c. | was hailed by organized labor and environmental groups. | d. | raised tariffs significantly against imports from South America. | e. | created a free-trade zone for the United States, Japan, and Western Europe. |

____ 29. Who did Clinton appoint to head the panel on health-care reform? a. | Ruth Bader Ginsberg. | d. | Phyllis Schlafly. | b. | Janet Reno. | e. | Sandra Day O’Connor. | c. | Hillary Clinton. |

____ 30. The “Freedom Revolution” was: a. | the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. | b. | the Republican victory at the 1994 congressional elections. | c. | the end of apartheid in South Africa. | d. | the mass organization of middle-class African-American men in Washington, D.C. | e. | what Democrats called Bill Clinton’s victory in 1992. |

____ 31. The 1994 Contract with America: a. | was Clinton’s national health insurance plan. | b. | was the brainchild of Ross Perot. | c. | included the promise to cut government spending and end affirmative action. | d. | was a labor agreement between federal employees and the government. | e. | included several demands, all of which became law. |

____ 32. President Bill Clinton: a. | abolished child poverty. | b. | terminated the food stamp program. | c. | ended public housing programs. | d. | replaced welfare with state grants. | e. | initiated diplomatic ties with China. |

____ 33. What spurred the new economy? a. | The automobile. | d. | Television. | b. | Housing. | e. | The computer. | c. | NAFTA. |

____ 34. Countless corporate scandals and stock frauds stemmed directly from the 1999 repeal of which New Deal measure? a. | The Glass-Steagall Act. | b. | The Federal Communications Act. | c. | The Securities and Exchange Act. | d. | The Reconstruction Finance Corporation. | e. | The Bank Holiday Act. |

____ 35. By the start of the twenty-first century, the largest minority group in the United States was: a. | Cambodian. | d. | African-American. | b. | Filipino. | e. | Latino. | c. | Chinese. |

____ 36. In the 1990s, the prison population: a. | declined because there was little new prison construction. | b. | experienced shorter sentences and more rehabilitation programs than before. | c. | increased because crime rates increased in the 1990s. | d. | increased as state governments increased penalties for crimes and decreased parole. | e. | declined because states refused to fund the “prison-industrial complex.” |

____ 37. At the end of the twentieth century, the Christian Coalition: a. | was a major force in Republican Party politics. | b. | reversed its long-standing opposition to abortion. | c. | declined in numbers but grew more vocal at the same time. | d. | campaigned for the introduction of a national tax funding community churches. | e. | dominated the Democratic Party. |

____ 38. Militia groups arose in America during the 1990s: a. | to protest the increasing influence of the Christian Coalition. | b. | and engaged in acts of domestic terrorism. | c. | but were quickly eliminated by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). | d. | but posed no immediate threat to the nation. | e. | and were based primarily in the Northeast. |

____ 39. The 1995 truck bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City was organized by: a. | militant African-American separatists. | b. | a left-wing paramilitary group. | c. | a far-right private militia group. | d. | Islamic fundamentalists. | e. | Osama bin Laden. |

____ 40. In 1998, Congress brought impeachment charges against President Clinton because he: a. | had an extramarital affair with a White House staff member. | b. | authorized a break-in at the Republican national headquarters. | c. | extorted money from oil companies in exchange for government contracts. | d. | ordered troops into Somalia without congressional approval. | e. | lied about his extramarital affair before the grand jury. |