POLICY FORMULATION

(A) Process of policy formulation
The diagrammatic representation of process of policy formulation followed in Brazil for telecommunication sector is: As we can observe from the above figure the process of policy formulation in Brazilian telecommunication sector is a two phase process that is policy to be formed undergoes both vertical accountability and horizontal accountability. The brief about this is as:
• Vertical accountability: it involves direct public participation, which is again done in three ways. Hence before the policy is made a law public opinion about the same is taken into consideration as they are the ones who would be directly impacted by the policy. The public participation is done in three ways which are, (i) public consultations (ii) public hearings and (iii) complaint procedures.
• Horizontal accountability: There are several types of democratic control of ANATEL action by the Executive (President’s Cabinets), Legislative and Judiciary powers. With regard to Legislative Power, the conditions for democratic control are mainly connected to mechanisms of accountability of Board of Directors' activities to Legislative Power. In respect of the control of Agency's administrative acts by the Judiciary Power, the form of control is straightforward through judicial review. The Judiciary Power can, in principle, invalidate edited norms on account of the absence or insufficiency of rational justification presented in connection with the reasons. The executive body which comprises of president of republic and ministry of communication, is mainly responsible for the initiation of government policy for telecommunications.

(B) Stakeholders involved during the process
(1) Telecommunications companies and law firms that represent their interests
(2) Participation of independent citizens
(3) Participation of NGOs (consumer