...Elliptic Geometry The parallel postulate (a.k.a. Euclid’s fifth postulate) in Euclidean Geometry states that if one cuts a line segment with 2 lines, and the interior angles add up to less than 180 degrees, then the two lines will eventually meet if extended infinitely (Euclid’s parallel postulate exact words: if a line segment intersects two straight lines forming two interior angles on the same side that sum to less than two right angles, then the two lines, if extended indefinitely, meet on that side on which the angles sum to less than two right angles). Mathematicians such as Aristotle tried to prove this prove the parallel postulates, but they always ended up using the postulate itself in proving it, causing great controversies. In the late 19th century, mathematicians began to question if the postulate was true, which gave rise to the Non-Euclidean geometries. Elliptic geometry is a form of Non-Euclidean Geometry. It is different from Euclidean Geometry because it replaces the parallel postulate with the statement, "through any point in the plane, there exist no lines parallel to a given line” (there are basically no parallel lines), and because it modifies Euclid’s second postulate (there are no infinate lines in elliptical geometry). Bernard Riemmannian, the man who founded Elliptical (a.k.a. Riemmanian Geometry) Geometry had a lecture in 1854 discussing the ideas currently called manifolds, Riemmanian metric, and curvature. He also made many Non-Euclidean Geometries...
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... “Newton Euler Strategy for the Dynamic Analysis of 3-DOF Parallel UPU Manipulator” Abstract This projects aims to describe the dynamic analysis of the 3-DOF Parallel UPU manipulator. The 3 DOF UPU is a parallel manipulator in which the U and P notations are for universal and prismatic pairs respectively, is a well-known manipulator that provides the platform with three degrees of freedom of pure translation, pure rotation or mixed translation and rotation with respect to the base, according to the relative directions of the revolute pair axes. The pure translational parallel 3-UPU manipulators have received a great lot of attention. Over the years many studies have been reported in the literature on the kinematic analysis, workspace optimization, singularities and joint clearance influence on the platform accuracy of this manipulator. However, the evaluation of the dynamic modelling of the parallel manipulators based on the two most famous methods i.e. Newton- Euler and Lagrange’s method have not been clearly discussed so far. Therefore, this project tries to throw light on this area and covers the Newton Euler Strategy for the calculation of the dynamic model of the 3 DOF UPU Parallel Manipulator. 1. Introduction Over the last few decades the parallel manipulators have attracted the attention of lot of researchers because of their complementary characteristic with serial manipulator. The word 'Parallel’ which is used here is to point out is not in the geometrical...
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...connected in both series and parallel circuits where the current and voltage running through them can be altered. Batteries connected in series give off large amounts of electromotive force while the reverse happens when connected in parallel. Resistors connected in series are added individually while an inverse summation results while connected in parallel. These are the effects that will be closely studied in this report. Introduction All electronic devices and setups require some complex form of wiring for proper functionality. To do so electricians have to understand the effects of electricity and how it can be managed. Batteries or more preferably ‘dry cells’ produce electromotive forces that create electric fields that help drive electrons around circuits. There are two common circuit arrangements; one is called the series circuit while the other is called the parallel circuit. Components in series circuits are connected one after another where the whole current flows through each component, while components in parallel circuits are arranged in a way that the current breaks up so that a fraction of it flows through a component. These type of wirings are found in common housing circuits but the more complex ones are found in electronic devices such as televisions, radios, computers, etc. Students were made aware of these effects by doing a practical that required them to construct circuits that involved batteries and resistors connected in both parallel and series. Later they...
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...What are the different approaches to system installation? Which is the most costly and least expensive? What re the risk with each method? When all tests have been successfully completed the system can be installed in to a working environment. A company can choose from four different methods of implementation; Direct, Parallel Installation, Pilot and Phased. The parallel installation is the most secure method of the four. However, it is the most costly because you are running two systems and there is the possibility the company may want to rely on the old system. In this instance the old and new system is still fully operational. Users are able to use the old system as well as the new system. This is safe because if there are any problems with the new system, the old system is still accessible. The old system will stay in use until the new system has all the data input and functioning without any problems. Later the old system will be expired. The direct installation is and over night or two day conversation from one system to another. The other system is in use on until the new is installed. Then the old system is immediately terminated. This method has to be carefully planned as there is no back up. This plan is risky and the less expensive. The pilot installation allows live testing of the new system in a group environment. This system is installed in a small area and users are able to test it in a live working environment while providing feedback. ...
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...Parallel Structures Exercise 1 2. “genius” and “lunatic” 4. “work fast”, “ask few questions”, and “keep a low profile” Exercise 2 2. As part of his accounting business, Rick has private clients, corporations, and does some pro bono work. 4. A new job is likely to cause a person anxiety, but working extra hours is likely to make a good impression. Exercise 3 2. “Caught in” and “tied in”. King used two parallel verb phrases followed by an abstract idea. The parallelism creates a wise tone in the sentence which keeps them awake, alert, and listening. 4. “Collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification; and direct action”. King uses parallel phrases that all relate back to a nonviolent campaign. His use of parallelism appeals to logos, as he provides the audience with a list of action. 6. “extremist for love”, “extremist for justice”, and “extremist for the Christian gospel: "I bear in my body the marks of the Lord Jesus?" Was not Martin Luther an extremist”. King paralleled the phrase “extremist for…” followed by a cause and preceded by a famous example. He then used a quote to prove the point he was making. The parallel structures provides a lot of emphasis, which supports the point King was trying to make. The parallelism attributes to a great deal of logos as well. Exercise 5 2. “Alas, art is long and life is short” Type: Antithesis Effect:Franklin’s use of anaphora conveys to the audience the obvious length...
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...to identify more with her inner self rather than conforming to her outer self increases; Edna begins to devote more time towards her paintings and furthermore, moves out from her residency with her husband. However, in the process of accepting her inner self, Edna is no longer able to fit in as a functioning member of society. She as a result becomes frustrated and depressed. Furthermore, not even those who are closest to her (for example, Robert) are able to understand her needs and desires. As a result comes the ending: Edna’s ultimate death in a search for independence (her swim out to the sea). Such ending comes as a shock with no real solution for Edna other than death. However, such ending is conclusive because of its realistic parallels to society that Chopin is trying to highlight. Chopin’s ending of the book serves as a commentary of society’s expectations of women. Chopin’s main message, as highlighted through the ending, is the expectations society places onto women is an ultimatum forcing women to either conform to its norms or to reject its norms, but face rejection as well. Because of the present society, women are unable to balance both lending to women’s continued subordination and lack of expression. The setting of the ending of the novel takes place at the sea. Edna has gone out for a swim to the sea and has swum so far that she loses her strength to return. The sea, throughout the novel, is representative of...
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...Doppelganger. Parker s 2006 Dystopian novel illustrates the ideas of thirst for power and darkness within humanity as the protagonist Andrew is placed in a dystopian parallel of his own world. These ideas reflect the major concerns of late 20th century Australian society. Parker examines deeper issues and illuminates universal aspects of the human condition. Parker exposes the potential for the darker side of humanity in Doppelganger, reflecting issues of his context. Cleary derived from themes in modern literature, such as Golding's "Lord of Flies" which examines the conflict between two competing impulses in all human beings, the instinct to live by rules, act peacefully and follow moral commands opposed to acting selfishly to gratify ones immediate desires. The darker side of humanity is introduced through Andrew’s character, an ordinary Australian teenager governed by his philosophy "don’t disturb the world and it won’t disturb you”. Andrew finds himself incapable of standing up for what he knows is right and this is exemplified early in the novel when Josh in an act of unprovoked evil, tears apart miss swains photograph. Andrew, convinced he is “hardwired” to be compliant with josh, aids his vindictive nature as it is easier than standing up for what he knows to be right. Andrew discovers his own darkness in the parallel Sydney, under the influence of mind altering drugs when he murders another boy in a response to his primitive urges. Incited by the chanting “Kill boy, kill boy”...
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...The Canadian army during World War II played a huge role that allowed the Allied forces to be victorious. The Canadian armed forces are known but often go unrecognized for their successes during the Korean War. In many vigorous attacks, the Canadian military fended off the Chinese and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) soldiers. The 38th parallel was at stake and without the help of the Canadian armed forces, Korea as a whole would not be the same. The Canadian victories at the Battle of Kapyong, Battle of Hill 335, Koje-Do Incident, and the Battle of Kowang-San were the reasons the D.P.R.K. did not infiltrate into the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and break that 38th parallel for good. The First battle the Canadian armed forces were involved in was the Battle of Kapyong. This...
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...Book Review Parallel Journeys Parallel Journeys, by Eleanor Ayer with Helen Waterford and Alfons Heck, compares the life of two young people in Germany during the rise of Hitler and the outbreak of World War II. They were born within sixty miles of each other, but their lives took dramatically different paths. Alfons, is a boy who grew up on a farm in Germany. When Hitler came to power he became involved with the Hitler Youth. Alfons grew up on a farm but was a Nazi boy who became a commander at age sixteen. This book truly depicts Hitler's impact and influence on the youth of Germany. Alfons was brainwashed by Hitler's promises, a full pledged Nazi youth is how it is presented in the book he participated in all rallies. He started his training to become the future of Germany and eventually of the world. There he learned discipline and order. He trained to become a soldier and he learned the ways of warfare. He was taught to be a follower of anti-Semitism and was told to hate the Jewish people. He along with millions of Nazi’s believed that they were the reason for Germany's problems. As years went by, Alfons rose through the ranks of the military until the end of the war where realized what atrocities had been committed, he than took off his uniform and went on to help people. On the other side of the spectrum we have Helen Waterford a young Jewish girl who grew up in Frankfurt, Germany. She married Siegfried Wohlfarth and moved to Amsterdam because of tension brewing...
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...Susan Herman’s idea of “parallel justice” for victims is a good idea. Criminal justice is extremely offender-oriented and the criminal justice system doesn’t focus much on helping the victim adjust back to normal life after whatever traumatic event they go through. Our system focuses on the offender and making sure the offender can adjust to life after whatever punishment they get and we make sure that they do not end up back in the criminal justice system. Susan Herman’s idea of parallel justice for victims has many potential strengths having the safety of the victim be the primary concern and focusing on the victim is something that the criminal justice system definitely needs to work on as soon as possible. I also believe that every victim of a crime should be offered immediate support, compensation for losses, and practical assistance. The third point is the most important I believe, having the victim explain what happened to them and the impact of the crime had on their lives and what resources that they are going to need to get back into their everyday life. Finally, victim needs should always be met and they should be met as quickly as possible. Focusing our criminal justice system and its resources on the victim a little more rather than the offender is a step that must be taken soon. The victim deserves to be able to get back into normal life and feel safe and be compensated for any damages, psychically and emotionally, that they have received from the offender, and they...
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...There are many different variations of the story of Jesus that are told all the time. In the movie Ben Hur, there were multiple parallels that were drawn between the character Judah and Jesus. The parallels that are in the movie as well as in the story of Jesus are the following: being baptised, the suffering that both go through, losing everything that they have, being the messiah, saying similar words when they come faced to death, both were thought to be dead, and saving someone from dying. These parallels are hard to notice at first, but when seen are easy to recognize. Some may wonder how they can learn about Jesus by looking at Judah’s story? They can learn that Jesus gave Judah the hope to survive by giving him water when Judah was not allowed to have any. When one looks at the parallels they will understand how the story of Jesus went through the eyes of another person who has been through similar events; however, some might not see the difference that Judah is more human than Jesus. Judah has hate in his eyes at some times where as Jesus does not show hate for anyone at anytime. The first parallel that is in the movie is the baptism of Judah. This happens when Judah is a salve for Rome and is being taken to the gallies. The guards stop to get water for them and their horses. At this...
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...i SASTRA UNIVERSITY Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology and Research Academy Thirumalaisamudram Thanjavur – 613 402 BCSCCS705 PARALLEL COMPUTING AND ALGORITHMS LAB B.TECH (COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING) 7TH SEMESTER ii List of Exercises: 1. Basic arithmetic operations in parallel 2. Find out factorial of a number 3. Generation of Fibonacci series, finding prime numbers in an interval. 4. Evaluate the integral of a function 5. Merging of two sorted lists 6. Parallel tree traversals 7. Matrix multiplication 8. Enumeration sort 9. Odd-Even transposition sort 10. Bitonic merge 11. Quick sort 12. Single source shortest path iii Exercise 1 Aim: Basic Arithmetic Operations in parallel To perform a set of arithmetic operations in parallel using a cluster of computers Procedure: Step 1: Identify a set of numbers over which arithmetic operations are to be done Step 2: Identify the rank in the cluster Step 3: Split the set of numbers into domains and assign each domain to their corresponding processor Step 4: Get the result from each computer in the cluster and assimilate them at the master Step 5: Verify the time taken for the completion of each task. Algorithm:function sum(+,identity,a) = if #a == 1 then [identity] else let e = even_elts(a); o = odd_elts(a); s = scan_op(op,identity,{op(e,o): e in e; o in o}) in interleave(s,{op(s,e): s in s; e in e}); iv Input:- An array of integers Output: - The sum 3,2,7,6 P1 18 0,5,4,8 P2 17 62 2,0,1,5 P3 8...
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...1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION A parallel mechanism is a closed-loop mechanism of which the end-effector is connected to the base by a multitude of independent kinematic chains. Generally it comprises two platforms which are connected by joints or legs acting in parallel. In recent years, parallel kinematic mechanisms have attracted a lot of attention from the academic and industrial communities due to their potential applications not only as robot manipulators but also as machine tools. The dream of all developers in Machine Tools has always been to combine the flexibility and envelope of the robots with the accuracy and stiffness of traditional Machine Tools. In the last 20 years the focus of this development has been Parallel Kinematics Machines so called PKM. This technology means that the motions in X, Y and Z are performed by three or more parallel axis that gives an outstanding stiffness and accuracy with a maintained flexibility and envelope. Generally, the criteria used to compare the performance of traditional serial robots and parallel robots are the workspace, the ratio between the payload and the robot mass, accuracy, and dynamic behavior. In addition to the reduced coupling effect between joints, parallel robots bring the benefits of much higher payload-robot mass ratios, superior accuracy and greater stiffness; qualities which lead to better dynamic performance. The main drawback with parallel robots is the relatively small workspace. 1.2 OUTLAY...
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...Video Summary 1 Topics covered in the videos 1.07, 1.09 and 1.11 * Ports * Connectors * Monitors * Video buses * Troubleshooting * Printers Ports * Serial ports transmit data 1 bit at a time. They are usually male and have 9-25 pins. * Parallel ports transmit data 8 bits at a time and are generally female with 25 pins. * Game ports have 15 pins laid out in two rows (female). * Video monitors have 15 pins but are laid in three rows (male) Connectors * Early mice used a serial connector and keyboards used a 5 pin DIN connector. * Modern mice and keyboards use a PS/2 technology which is a much smaller 6 pin DIN connector or a USB or wireless connection. * NIC- Network Interface card uses a RJ-45 connector. * The NIC is responsible for connecting a computer to local and distant networks or the internet. * It also converts parallel communication used by the motherboard system into serial communication used by the network cable. Modem, Video and USB * It is the slowest possible way of connecting to the internet. * Its standard speed is 56Kbps although v.92 standard supports faster speed. * They are responsible for converting the analog signal from the phone line into a digital format a computer can use. * It also converts the digital signal back to analog when sending a transmission. They connect using a RJ-11 connector. * Modern computers come with two types of video ports , the VGA (analog interface)...
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...havirdhara@gmail.com ABSTRACT: In this age of super-computing, the demand for the extremely high speed processors is surging. This ever-increasing demand forces us to go for the high speed Multi-core processors. Multi-core processors are no longer the future of computing-they are the present day reality. With the rise of multi-core architectures the question of the hour is: how to program massively parallel processors. Nvidia, the pioneer in GPU design, has come up with an advanced user-friendly architecture, “THE CUDA” that enables dramatic increases in computing performance by harnessing the power of the GPU (graphics processing unit). CUDA (an acronym for COMPUTE UNIFED DEVICE ARCHITECTURE) reduces the complexity of the parallel programming to a great extent. The best feature of CUDA is that we can program the GPUs using C, JAVA and other high level programming environments. In this paper, we present the basics of CUDA programming with the need for the evolution of the same. This paper also presents the different applications of CUDA, which tells us why and how CUDA scores over other parallel programming architectures. Introduction: Parallelism is the age old technique used for the efficient data processing. The same technique re-emerging into TLP i.e., Thread Level Parallelism and in combination with some finely developed manufacturing technologies provided the world with huge benefits in the form of multi cores. Generally a GPU (Graphical Processing Unit) consists of multiple...
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