...u05a1 Parameters of Ethical Decision Making Kathleen J Higgins Ethical Theories and Principle are decision making tools that managers may use especially during ethical dilemma. There are five common ethical decision making approaches that can assist manager based upon what is good in each situation. Utilitarianism or consequentialism, as just what its term “consequentialism” means. This paradigm is developed [originally] by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John S. Mill (1806-1873). Judges one’s action based on the maximums of the good in the world. In this approach, the manager evaluates how the decision will affect [directly] the employee(s) and others. The managers identify the potential positive and potential negative consequences. If it will results “to the greatest good and for the greatest number,” the manager using the utilitarian approach is feasibly will make dubious decision. Utilitarian ideology is that it is ethical if the result will only give the “greatest advantages and benefits, and to the greatest number of people.” The theory seems to point out a situation in which it seems to provide the wrong answer to an ethical dilemma. I think of Dr. Kevorkian a good example using this approach. As this approach contemplates both bad and good, utilitarian’s rationale in this situation was to stop the pain for the suffering patient and maybe stop the financial...
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...After reading both the American Counseling Association (ACA) (2014) Code of Ethics and the American Mental Health Counseling Association (AMHCA) (2011), I felt that it was important to touch upon certain sections that I feel could become potential issues for us as counselors. Essay 1. There are many skills needed in order to work with a patient presenting with a co-occurring disorder. According to the American Mental Health Counseling Association (AMHCA) (2011), there are eight skills that we as counselors must center our focus on. They are all very important, yet I chose to focus on us as counselors can demonstrate our skills wisely by utilizing the knowledge we have gained during training. One of the hardest part of counseling clients is trying to discover what exactly is needed to help that client maintain a healthy relationship with others and a balance within themselves. Clients with co-occurring disorders are the most difficult kind of client. We must understand the treatment and clinical management of common co-occurring disorders such as anxiety, depression, PTSD and trauma-related disorders, dissociative disorders, personality disorders, eating disorders, psychotic disorders, disruptive behaviors, and mood disorders in combination with substance abuse disorders. We must provide appropriate counseling strategies by demonstrating the ability to modify counseling systems, theories, interventions when necessary and specific techniques that will work with the client...
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...Midterm Essay Exam Kristian Earl D. Velasco HLTH 522, Professor Claudia Dempsey Liberty University In this essay, the discussion is centered on the structural dimensions—ethical influences, parameters in decision-making, and internal provocations—relating the issues of whether deception among clinicians can be regarded as plausibly sound. These matters are the motivation that plays a role in how the actuality of care is being communicated. Since the provider-patient relationship is mainly constructed by way of trust and confidence, the concept relating deceptions during the course of care takes a crucial part. In view of the fact that internal influences affect the predisposition towards the issues of deception, whether it is justifiable or necessary for the wellbeing of the patient, this concern will be viewed more clearly through the lens of biblical proportions and overall understanding of the value of human life. Truth telling in healthcare setting is a subject of intense debate. The physicians, nurses, and the rest of decision makers involve within the healthcare profession have an extensive familiarity, high level of proficiency and masterful capability in dealing with medical situations. However, ethically related conflicts many times arise regarding the deception or withholding medical information to avoid the complexities that may affect patient care strategies. These matters, unavoidably, are often times the likely reason that may limit the capacity...
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...stretched the operating parameters into new directions. Huge salaries, exponentially larger bonuses, and shareholder expectations have pushed corporate decision makers into murky waters when deciding which course of action to take. In an era of instant communication, public distrust, and a multitude of variables to consider before making a decision, leaders must have some form of guideline to help them make choices that reflect responsibility and accountability. The creation and implementation of an official corporate governance policy and internal practice will lead to these critical decisions being made with the good of the whole in mind. Corporate governance can be defined “as a relationship between a corporation and its shareholders” (Cross & Miller, 2012, p. 644). It is also a system of checks and balances between the board, management, and investors to create an efficient and functional business with long term viability and value ("Corporate Governance Best Practices," 2002, p. 8). The concept of adopting a formalized process should be fairly evident. Corporate scandals such as Enron and WorldCom devastated entire corporations as well as national and world financial crisis created by banking and mortgage industries. The government has stepped in and enacted legislation such as Sarbanes-Oxley in an attempt to prevent future occurrences, but is this going to be enough? Corporate governance requires self-regulation and ownership and the decisions of a few that could potentially...
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...which way we can. There are many ethical issues at Kudler Fine Foods and some of them are so common that they are easy to identify on a daily basis. Making ethical decisions is sometimes the hardest thing, especially when the one losing out can be your business. However, for the greater good, we have to look at business as well as personal ethics and evaluate them from time to time. Looking at all the ethical issues at Kudler Fine Foods and finding the optimal solutions for them, our firm made rational decisions based on all possible parameters that would help all stakeholders involved. Our main concern is that Ms. Kathy Kudler has not allowed herself to place trust and responsibility of performing daily duties into the hands of others. It may seem strange that you that we as technology consultants would be expected to function in the role of ethics. However, this practice is not necessarily unusual for our firm. Technology Consulting has ethical and professional implications that we follow on a daily basis. Although my personal consulting experience has been in technology, I have many years of experience with matters relating to your company. I will discuss the ethical and technology issues our consulting firm has come across with your firm. Showing honesty, integrity, and openness in our relationship is important to start working for you. This is the time when we introduced what is right and what is wrong, and what is ethical and what is unethical from your business...
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...Bejarano Reporting Practices and Ethics Any health care worker must make ethical decisions on a daily basis. Acquiring the right tools to help make better ethical decisions may include ethics committees and up-to-date policies and procedures. Companies such as Enron have had a difficult time making these ethical decisions and some within the company have had to pay a hefty price. Adopting a code of ethics and communicating these ethics are a key resource for any company. An internal audit system is another way to help combat fraudulent behavior. Elements of Financial Management There are four main parts or elements of basic financial management. Planning, controlling, organization and directing, and decision making (Baker & Baker. 2011). Planning consists of identifying goals of the organization and detailing the necessary steps to achieve these goals. When planning, an organization might consider historical statistics, patient demographics and must set specific financial goals. Controlling is a way to ensure the performance matches the planning. To see the results of this a financial manager might use comparison of results and flow of information. Organization and directing entails deciding the proper path to utilizing the company’s resources and managing or guiding employees in achieving this goal. Decision making is the ability to make a decision within his or her managerial parameters and knowing when to defer to a higher authority when needed. A manager must utilize...
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...and wrong, although they may vary on how to make moral and ethical decisions. This author's ethical perspective is based on character, and she believes being ethical is more important than simply performing ethical deeds. To determine the ethical nature of people, she looks into their character rather than judging them by the quality of their actions. Herein, the author describes her perspective as suggested by the Ethics Awareness Inventory (The Williams Institute of Ethics and Management, 2011). Personal Ethics, Principles, and the Code of Conduct Personal ethics must be deliberately developed over the lifespan. In a psychological profession and when working with people, professionals must continually implement ethical judgment and moral decision-making and persist in developing and evolving one's understanding of morality. This development does not cease once a goal is attained, it is an ongoing process that becomes more deeply engrained as the individual evolves. Personal ethics are an essential part of any professional discipline, and to conduct oneself ethically, one must be ethical. Although designed with good intentions, developing a list of appropriate behavior, such as the code of conduct designed by the American Psychological Association, cannot aid in the development of personal moral and ethical judgment, only rule-following. The American Psychological Association handles thousands of ethical infractions committed by psychologists each year (Plante, 2011)...
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...Protecting Clients from Harm through Ethical Codes, Informed Consent and Confidentiality Cydne-Ann A. Grobri Liberty University Abstract One of the primary reasons for the creation and use of ethical codes within helping professions is to educate the professional about acceptable ethical behavior and to protect the well-being of clients. The Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers (2008) illuminates that the code “sets forth values, ethical principles, and ethical standards to which professionals are to aspire and by which their actions can be judged.” (Purpose of the NASW Code of Ethics). A helping professional is required to be ethically, clinically and legally-minded to safeguard the client and/or public during all interactions within the client/counselor relationship, arguably at the point of advertisement about the availability of service. This paper will examine the actions of a community college counselor and how her neglect to utilize codes of ethics and sound judgment put her in a predicament where she may have caused harm to the participants in her group. We will also explore a practical decision making model that will demonstrate that the helping profession has to begin applying principle and virtue ethics from the outset of the client/counselor relationship opposed to the initial meeting. Keywords: group session, confidentiality, ethics, disclosure, legal, ACA Protecting Clients from Harm through Ethical Codes, Informed Consent and...
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...Hi my name is Margie Lutvey.I am here today to provide recommendations and strategies for your business, Monsanto, through identifying the key problems and issues and provide you with a stakeholder management strategy that I find would be most effective for you and your organization. I will mainly be discussing the ethical dilemmas of sustainability faced by your company and the potential impacts its can have on you stakeholders. Stakeholders are any group or individual who can affect or is affected by a firms objectives. Firms and organisations are better able to achieve their strategic objectives if they engage with their stakeholders. With engaging with stakeholders it is also a building block for better decision-making and minimizing negative impacts on third parties and doing the right thing. Stakeholders don’t have to be equity shareholders. They can also be your employees, communities, pretty much anyone who has a stake in your company’s success and incentive for your products to succeed. They can be business partners, who rely on your success to keep the supply chain going. Therefore it is important to engage stakeholders in business activity as they have the power to hold a viable “stake” in your company. It is important to engage with stakeholders to keep a good relationship with them. Stakeholders can have a negative and or a positive effect on the organization. A positive attitude makes it easier for the organization such as Monsanto to create potential sponsors,...
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...University Table of Contents Stakeholders3 Ethical Decision-making model4 Ethical Responsibility 4 Response5 The Proposal 6 References 7 Stakeholders The dynamics and decisions in any given business situation must include consideration of all stakeholders. There can be many stakeholders in and surrounding an organization and not all stakeholders have an equal interest or concern in the organization. Creditors, directors, employees, government, owners, suppliers, unions, and the community all have a stake in an organization, and in the choices that the organization makes. (BusinessDictionary.com 2014) In the scenario given for this individual project some of the stakeholders are mentioned and some are not. Tom, Joe, Bill, Clients, Uwear, Threads4U, Peninsula Hotel, employee’s, their families, competitors, the government and the community all have a stake in the outcome of this scenario. Some stakeholders have little or no control over the choices a company or employee of the company makes, and others like Joe, Bill and Tom can have a major impact on other stakeholder’s interests. Joe, Tom and Bill all have a fiduciary duty to the shareholders/owners of these respective companies. Their choices must reflect good judgment and must stay within legal guidelines. Joe’s job is to secure contracts for Uwear, but he must do so within the parameters that has been set by his company and his management...
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...make decisions under uncertainty Statistical inference: the problem of determining the behaviour of a large population by studying a small sample from that population Why is statistics important in business? Financial management (capital budgeting) Marketing management (pricing) Marketing research (consumer behaviour) Operations management (inventory) Accounting (forecasting sales) Human resources management (performance appraisal) Information systems Economics (summarising, predicting) See http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4FQsYTbLoI What is a population? What is a sample? Population: a collection of the whole of something – e.g. all female students of ANU; all people who live in Tuggeranong; all people who play the flute. Sample: a set of individuals drawn from a population e.g. the female students in STAT1008 are a sample of all female students at ANU. If we have a population…. We can get parameters – true values for things like the centre and spread of the population We know the answers – what proportion are this tall? We look at the population and get the answer. If we have a sample… We can get statistics – these are values that estimate the parameters e.g. sample centre and sample spread used to estimate population centre and population spread We have to use inference to do this estimation – what proportion are this tall? Based on our sample, we would expect…. 1 So, statistical inference… The process of making an estimate, prediction or decision about...
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...Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma Grand Canyon University Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma Euthanasia is considered “assisted suicide” (Ethical key issues- Euthanasia., 2011). Terminally ill, old age, and poor disease prognosis’s are some population of patients that research euthanasia. Euthanasia is currently illegal due to many ethical implications. Euthanasia is an ongoing ethical dilemma that affects nursing as a profession, has legal implications, and stirs up ethical debates over social values, morals, and norms. “Standard 7, under the heading “Standards of Professional Performance,” reiterates the moral obligation of the nurse to practice ethically and to provide care “in a manner that preserves and protects healthcare consumer autonomy, dignity, rights, values, and beliefs” and “assists healthcare consumers in self determination and informed decision-making”” (ANA position statement, 2013). Nurses in all healthcare related settings play a key role in patient care at end-of –life. Nurses’ care for the physical and spiritual needs of patients and their families while, also collaborating with all members of the interprofessional healthcare team. Nurses witness the devastating effects of life-threatening diseases. It is difficult to balance amongst saving a life and the enabling of a dignified death. Nurses need to keep their own feelings in check because they could have an influence on clinical decision making. “It is within the framework of the Code for Nurses and...
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...In everyday life, many situations challenge our ethical decision-making skills. One such dilemma is clearly identified in the video vignette “Ethics: Let’s Make a 4th Quarter Deal.” The company Smith and Blackwell punched in a poor financial year and, as a result, bonus cuts and possible layoffs would be looming. Jason Powell, Director of New Accounts has really been feeling pressure since his department is largely responsible for the less-than-banner year. The situation in question begins with Gina Travelers, Assets Manager, entering into Jason’s office to discuss the potential for a big deal. This deal would be forged between Smith and Blackwell and Bestel and would be worth 4 million dollars. Gina explains that signing this deal would bring the company clearly out of the red, save co-workers jobs and preserve bonuses—most importantly hers. At this point, Gina starts to explain the details about the deal and the beginnings of an ethical dilemma start to arise. She adds that a “family friend (Jack) who she has known since she was a kid” helped put the deal together. She emphasizes her personal role in making it all happen and reassures Jason that it was all done above board, but provides no documentation with the fine print. Then, a second problem gets thrown into the mix: Timing. Gina and Jack, Chairman of the Board for Bestel, want to close immediately, but to do so (under normal circumstances) would require shareholder approval. The shareholders would not meet again for...
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...medical laws. Does Jerry’s medical training qualify him to issue this refill order? Why or why not? Actually, Jerry’s medical training does not qualify him to issue this refill order because he is not qualified to issue out the valium prescription. Being both assistant medical and LNP, means that he is not qualified to issue refill order. This is because it is not his work but the work of medical doctors who qualify to issue this refill. Even though Jerry may call Dr. Williams, it may be hard to be given prescription because there is what we call informed consent in medical ethics (Hall and Bobinski, 2003) This idea requires that an individual must be fully informed and understand the benefits and dangers of making treatment choice. A patient may make his own decision on certain treatment but medical laws authorize different processes of acquiring informed consent. Thus, the medical laws and ethics will bar Jerry from issuing this refill order because he may end up losing his job or be...
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...Brain Death Scenario Andrea Farmer Grand Canyon University: HLT 520 July 8, 2015 As an administrator I would need to take into consideration the patient’s autonomy, autonomy is recognizing an individual’s right to make his/her own decisions about what is best for them regarding their health care (Pozgar, 2012). The patient’s rights always should be considered before any decisions are made by any other family members. In this scenario it is clear that the patient is unable to make any decisions, the patient has suffered a serious brain damage, and although it is not complete brain death, we must determine how to proceed. Unfortunately some of the family members have already began to express what the best course of action is for the patient. As an administrator, I must take into consideration what the ethical, legal, and medical issues are before we move forward. Once the patient is considered medically incompetent, the question is what is ethically correct in this case for one to declare the patient brain dead, or have brain damage. Thomas states, “If functions of the brain are irretrievably lost, the capacity of the human organism to remain integrated and self-sustaining in similarly lost, and at this point, according to the Commission, death has occurred” (P.102) This scenario does not meet the criteria for brain dead, so we cannot proceed with the term brain dead. The patient is determined to have brain damage, so I feel we must determine if there...
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