...children with autism, Gray (2003) looked at the gender role differences that parents displayed in the coping strategies that they used to come to terms with their child’s highfunctioning autism or Asperger’s syndrome diagnosis. Mothers in this study voiced the disparate struggles they faced in caring for their child with Asperger’s syndrome, such as the intention to work outside of the home, but had the inability to do so because of the immense demands that their family life places on their responsibility inside of the home (Gray, 2003). Contrastingly, fathers felt less impacted by their child’s autism than the mothers of their children, especially because of the fathers’ often indirect role in the care of the child (Gray, 2003). Corroborating with this notion, Gray (1993) suggests that it is the mothers who take on more responsibility for the family care, where fathers are more on the peripheral, as “reserve source of support for their wives” (Gray, 2003, p. 635). Using discourse analysis in a qualitative study of stigma as experienced by...
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...prevention program that was chosen. From those two intervention programs, there will be a discussion on how the programs work in reducing juvenile crime, and based on the analysis of the relationship between program premise and goals and one or more major causes of juvenile delinquent behavior. In another discussion, there will be explanations of what the two intervention programs major goals are, the programs objectives, and what the programs core beliefs are. The key participants that are involved in these programs will also be explained, as well as what services they provide for the youth. The last discussion will be identifying which one of the programs between the two is more effective at reducing juvenile crime and why. The two programs that I have chosen are the Father and Son prevention Program, and the YES (Youth Empowerment Solutions) prevention program. The Father and Son project is in Michigan and is a program designed for African American fathers and their sons ranging in age from 10-14 ("Michigan Youth Violence Prevention Center", 2015). The Father and Son prevention Program is aimed to heighten the parenting behaviors as well as reducing the risk of youth behaviors. With this program, it helps the father and son bond so that way in the future the son would not have self-esteem issues or would feel left out. The Father and Son program helps in reducing juvenile crime by engaging in equally beneficial activities to enhance the relationship between the youth and the youth’s...
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...abundant amount of child rearing advice that could be found in anything from books to magazines, journals, and public health pamphlets. This surplus of often-contradictory information frequently caused undue parental anxiety and stress. One 1920’s mother who was overwhelmed by all the wisdom confessed, “I just try to do what you say, but I am a nervous wreck just trying to stay calm.” Although parental pressure and anxiety has been seen as a recurrent grievance through every generation, stress levels have progressively increased to what they are now. An analysis of the child rearing advice given in the early part of the 20th century and that of the new millennium revealed the following things: a steady progression from an authoritarian type of discipline to that of a more authoritative type, the emergence of a paternal role in child rearing, the apparent difference in personality traits of adults that were raised under particular parenting methods, and several distinct reasons for the change in the advice being given. Even before the start of the seventeenth century, experts were concerned with how, if even at all, parental love and child rearing practices affected a child’s personality. Prior to the late 1940’s specialists believed that the previous two factors did not directly affect the behavior of the child. Eventually, experts began to see how parental factors actually influence a child’s development. According to Berk (2008), “Parents can foster children’s competence – by building...
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...RUNNING HEAD: CULTURE AND PARENTING Culture and parenting Introduction Parenting is the first and likely most important mechanism through which culture is reproduced (Cauce, 2008). Every child is born into a certain circumstance and learns through interactions with the surroundings. Parents are generally the first and key people in a child’s life, so it should come as no surprise that parenting has influences on the development of children’s temperament, which later impacts their school performance. This article is going to explore how parenting varies among different ethnic groups including Asian Americans, African American, Latinos, and European Americans. More specifically, what factors should be included when considering the parenting characteristics of a unique ethnic group and what implications might they have for schooling today. Theories Two of the modern theories that are concerned with cultural influences on human development are Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and Ecological Systems Theory proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner. First, Vygotsky’s theory defined culture as the values, beliefs, customs, and skills of a social group. His Sociocultural Theory focuses on how culture is transmitted to the next generation. According to Vygotsky, social interaction – in particular, cooperative dialogues with more knowledgeable members of society – is necessary for children to acquire the ways of thinking...
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...Is Greater Parental Involvement at School Always Beneficial Is Greater Parental Involvement at School Always Beneficial? From the beginning of time, parents have been involved in their children’s lives and served as their protector, guide, teacher, and life skills coach. Many different aspects of parenthood will eventually transfer to a classroom setting, where a parent would continue a support role and become more deeply involved in their child’s education. This involvement would change over time and with change would come adjustments that would either assist or hinder a child’s ability to function and reach full academic potential. Early Parental Involvement Before organized schools came into existence, parents were the primary teacher for their children. Their role as educator was essential if the village or community was to grow and prosper. Children served in many capacities, and as soon as they were able to assume grown up responsibilities, they did. These responsibilities were what kept their heritage, culture, and people alive and well enough to pass traditions onto their posterity. If parents had not been involved in their child’s learning, little by little their culture and heritage would have been lost. As the originator of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud’s, emphasis on early childhood experiences would prove an essential step in understanding behavior and the vital role behavior plays in a child’s ability to learn and thrive (Ormond...
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...Swati Rath America’s Promises 2710 Prof. Sipple Policy Paper Parent Involvement in Primary and Secondary Schools Educators have increasingly identified parental involvement as the primary vehicle by which to elevate academic achievement from current levels. However, in many cases, it is not always easy for parents to find time and energy to become involved or to coordinate with schedules for school events. A visit to school can be perceived as an uncomfortable experience, or they may have their hands full with a job and other children. “In 1990-91, one out of every four public school teachers cited lack of parent involvement as a serious problem in their schools. This problem was also described as "serious" by 4.3 percent of private school teachers. Among both public and private school teachers, this problem topped the list in the percentage of teachers who rated it as a serious problem in their schools. Secondary teachers were more likely than elementary teachers to report lack of parent involvement as a serious problem in their schools” (Loos). Given this, it becomes clear something needs to be done about the lack of parent involvement in primary and secondary schools. Should states mandate parent integration programs for all K-12 institutions? In terms of definitions, parental involvement was defined as “parental participation in the educational processes and experiences of their children”, communication as “the extent to which parents and their children communicated about...
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...minutes every day. An hour at most. For a Chinese mother the first hour is the easy part. It’s hours two and three that get tough.” Here Amy is arguing which of the cultures that is the strictest when it comes to the children’s after school activities. Later on in the text she even gives an example of how she makes her own children practice. “Lulu could not do it. We worked on it nonstop for a week, drilling each of her hands separately, over and over.” In this paragraph on page 9, we can see how she is clearly in favor of the Chinese method, which she uses herself. Amy Chua uses all of the known forms of appeal to convince the reader. Mrs. Chua starts out with the logos appeal form. “..there are tons of studies out there showing marked and quantifiable difference between Chinese and Western when it comes to parenting.” Here she uses studies, which includes both sides of the discussion, to convince the readers. Using facts speaks to the common sense and seems very convincing to readers. “Other studies indicate that compared to Western parents, Chinese Parents spend approximately 10 times as long every day...
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...Table of Contents I. Introduction 1 II. Objectives 1 III. Summary Philippines Demographics 1 Factors that Affect Population Growth 2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Large/Small Population 3 Population Control 5 How can we curb population growth? 6 IV. Conclusion 6 V. Generalization 7 VI. References 7 VII. Glossary 8 *words in red font color contain definitions on the glossary VIII. Pictures and Figures 9 Our Lady of the Pillar Catholic School, Inc. F. Tirona St., Poblacion 2 - A Imus, Cavite 4103 Prepared by: Jomari Alejandro III A. Herrera 3rd Yr. St. John Orange Team S.Y. 2011-2012 Submitted to: Mr. Jeffrey V. Cabreros MAPEH Teacher I. Introduction Population refers to the whole number of people in a place or given area or any specific proportion of that given number. Population may be associated with the number of people living in an area per square kilometer or the density of the population. Demography is the field of sociology the deals with the statistical study of human populations and sub-populations. Demographers perform censuses to update statistical data on population and ratios within the field. Population plays a vital role in the performance of countries since it is one of the factors that affect the economy of a country. It affects the gross national product of the country; logically, more manpower with secured employment for each will result...
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...Causes and Effects of Broken Family Family is the basic unit of society. This is the most essential component of a country. Governance will only be effective if the citizens are properly oriented with good values and virtues, which is commonly taught by the family. A home is where a family lives. It may be alternated to the word ‘house’ but a house is more appropriately referring to the material structure, whereas ‘home’ refers to the intangible things that bind together the family members. It is the immeasurable love and care that keeps together the mother, father and their children. However, no matter how ideal a family in the terms of their relationship, there are still hardships and misunderstandings that will come along the way. It is just part of any relationship anyway. But, the sad part is when one of the family members gave up and the others have no choice but to accept and let go. Thus, the family starts to be broken. Broken family varies from numerous reasons why it had to be that way. But usually, misunderstanding starts from simple domestic quarrel that grows impertinently damaging the long-forged relationship between the family members. When a couple split up, it is the children that are greatly affected scarring them physically, emotionally and socially. The most common dispute between a husband and a wife is the financial issue. This is rooted when the father, which should be the provider for the family, can’t give enough money for the sustenance...
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...Creating an effective plan for the management and treatment of female offenders There are nearly 2.1 million violent female offenders annually in the United States (Greenbelt et al. 2000). Three out of four female violent offenders commit simple assaults, and three out of four female violent offenders attack other women. The incarceration rate for women is increasing at nearly twice the rate of men (Gater, 2005). Some risk factors contributing to the increase in criminal behavior among women include spousal abuse, substance abuse, and mental illness. The treatment of female offenders is becoming an increasingly important issue. Female offenders are often incarcerated in facilities designed for male treatment and rehabilitation needs. In the past, it was considered that male and female inmates had similar treatment needs, but as correctional administrators become aware of the increasing numbers and the differing needs of female offenders, they must re-evaluate the available treatment programs and begin to implement revisions to the management of program plans. It is now clear that differences in treatment between women and men within the judicial and correctional systems often have harmed rather than helped women (Harris 1998). In addition, Harris (1998) adds that evidence continues to grow of ways in which women’s experiences have been tied to their race and class, as well as the part of the country in which they lived and other personal characteristics. Research...
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...Alina Jackson Graduation portfolio Social studies research paper Is Spanking an Acceptable Form of Discipline? You have probably heard the expression, "Spare the rod, and spoil the child." Do you agree with it? Perhaps you were spanked as a kid. Was it appropriate? Some people see spanking as an outdated method of punishment or even child abuse, while others view a slap on a child’s bottom as a parent's right. Where do we draw the line when it comes to disciplining our children? There are many people who believe that spanking your child is not effective and can leave an emotional scar on them. Well, I am one of those people who disagree with spanking your child. I disagree with it because spanking usually stops misbehavior of small children just for the moment, not over the long term. It’s just a temporary fix for behavioral problems. Also, who disagree with me is Murray Straus from “ Discipline and Deviance: a physical punishment of children and violence and other crimes in adulthood”(May 1991). Murray Straus is a social science researcher who finds a relationship between the physical punishment children experience when they are young and the violent acts they themselves commit during their teenage and adult years. On the other hand, child development professionals Lee Stalk, T.Berry Brazelton and Penelope Leach from Taking Sides Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in Childhood...
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...19 Works Cited 21 Executive Summary Many of the children in America and other economically developed nations are taken care by individuals who are neither their legal guardians nor their school instructors. Such organizations play a very important role in the overall development of the child, firstly they allow the parents to earn money for child’s future or in case of a single parent it allows the opportunity of employment to the parent, secondly it also helps in the development of the children by intervening in his normal course of study in his early years of studies, this mostly helps the children who are differently abled. This report brings out what is good for the development of the children, what a child care is all about and what is the viability of such an institutions? The basic motive of this paper is to bring out the positive and negative aspects of child care centres. Here, we give an outline of the quantity of kids being taken as subjects for our study; portray hypothesis and proof about the private's way kid consideration advertise; and examine hypothesis and confirmation about government policies in the child care business sector. Our synopsis proposes that extra research is important to highlight the ways that administration projects and business furnished kid consideration interface with one another. Introduction: The life becomes difficult for families who have children. Fathers and mothers, both...
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...An Examination of the Concept of Learning Martin Eckelberry Psych/550 Psychology of Learning 11/24/2014 Thomas Pourchot An Examination of the Concept of Learning Learning, simply stated, is the acquisition of knowledge (Terry, 2009). The concept of learning is not as simple to explain. When examining the concept of learning it is important to address the origins of the study of learning, the difference between learning and performance, and understanding the four conceptual approaches to the study of learning. As stated above, in its most basic explanation, learning is the acquisition of knowledge. There is much debate as to the how humans are able to learn. Philosophers such as Descartes and John Locke, biologists in the like of Charles Darwin, as well as early psychologists created a new field of study in an attempt to unlock how humans can learn: Epistemology – the study of how we come to have knowledge (Terry, 2009). This led to the debate between innate knowledge (nature or nativism) versus knowledge gained from environmental influences (nurture or rationalism). “Certainly, there is disagreement among learning theorists who advocate stronger versus weaker contributions of innate predispositions. The point I am making here is that contemporary theory reflects the nativism of Descartes, the empiricism of Locke, and the evolution theory of Darwin (Terry, 2009, p. 5).” Although this debate has been largely put to rest; as both sides have a legitimate claim to...
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...A STUDY ON DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTHS AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP <<青年濫藥與家庭關係的研究 青年濫藥與家庭關係的研究>> 青年濫藥與家庭關係的研究 THE FINAL REPORT (FINAL version) February 2011 1 PREFACE The project on the study on “DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTHS AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP” (“the Study”) is being undertaken by the Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention and the Department of Social Work and Social Administration at the University of Hong Kong (“the Consultant”). The research team comprises the principal investigator (PI), Professor Paul YIP, Director of the Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention and Professor of the Department of Social Work and Social Administration at the University of Hong Kong, and eight co-investigators (Co-Is), Dr. CHEUNG Siu Lan Karen (Demographer), Dr. Sandra Tsang (Social and Family Worker), Dr. Samson Tse (Focus group expert on mental health and drug abuse), Dr. Wong Oi Ling (Family therapist, Family Institute), Prof. Karen Laidler (Sociologist, expertise on assessing drug abuse problem), Dr. Paul Wong (Clinical psychologist), Ms. Frances Law (Social Worker), and Dr. Lilian Wong (Associate Consultant, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hospital Authority). We would like to thank Mr. Gary Ip, the research assistant of the Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Ms. Garlum Lau, the senior research officer 2 of the Department of Sociology, the participants and NGOs for focus groups and case studies for their kind and valuable...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMERY This report provides an overview of different types of work-life balance initiatives that have been developed by in the financial institutions of Bangladesh. Governments are increasingly committed to reducing the social, health and business costs of work-life conflict. Several countries have adopted individual pieces of legislation or policies that address some aspect of work-life balance. These initiatives are not necessarily part of a comprehensive program or policy approach to achieve work-life balance, but these measures could be seen as one way to improve an employee's balance between work and other responsibilities. This report shows that there is not likely to be any "one size fits all" answer to work-life balance issues. A variety of approaches are available to support work-life balance, ranging from promotional programs that emphasize the importance of balance and provide support to employers to reduce the business costs associated with work-life conflict, to legislation that supports parents with care giving responsibilities. It is clear that improving work-life balance is an important component of the policy agenda for many industrial countries, and the issue is likely to become even more important in the future. BACKGROUND The first Work-Life Balance Survey (WLB1) was conducted by the Department for Education and Employment in 2000 to assess the extent to which employers operated work life balance practices; to see whether employees felt...
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