...In the Federalist No. 10 essay written by James Madison, it addresses the question of how to guard against “factions”, or groups of citizens, with interests’ contrary to the rights of others or the interests of the whole community. Scholars cite the whole series of Federalist Papers and jurists to mean the Founding Fathers did not intend the United States government to be partisan (Wikipedia n.d.). The 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is the direct popular election of U.S. Senators via a statewide vote and Representatives via congressional district voting. This demonstrates effective and successful popular voting that has occurred for decades. A disadvantage of the Electoral College is the idea of voter suppression since each State is entitled to the same number of electoral votes regardless of voter turnout – this provides no incentive for voters to be highly participative during presidential elections. The popular vote is not reflected with the Electoral College – instead, the Electoral...
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...political parties are becoming increasingly polarized, with the American public proudly marching into rigidly constructed partisan corners (Sides, 2013). According to a PewResearch (2014) survey of 10,013 randomly selected and nationally representative adults, “Republicans and Democrats are more divided along ideological lines than at any point in the last two decades.” Americans advocating consistently liberal or consistently conservative positions has doubled from 10% to 21% in the last 20 years. Responses to 10 political values questions, from the PewResearch (2014) survey, show that 94% of Democrats are more left than the median Republican, and 92% of Republicans are more right than...
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...However, the decision was close and had many opinions. In “Partisan Gerrymandering and the Voting Rights Act”, Richard Forgette and John Winkle provided a historical background on the decision: “In late April 2004, the U.S. Supreme Court by a 5-4 vote affirmed the lower court judgment in Vieth and dismissed the plaintiffs' claims. On the issue of partisan gerrymandering, however, the ruling proved anything but conclusive. The significance of the ruling, it seems, now lies in its fractured set of opinions” The Justices’ split decision left the door open to reinterpreting the judiciable grounds for gerrymandering under the right circumstances. As displayed thus far, gerrymandering by Republicans has implied racial discrimination. While previous cases have...
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...Indigenous Policy Journal Vol. XX, No. 3 (Fall 2009) Book Review Essay Reviewed texts: The Politics of Minor Concerns: American Indian Policy and Congressional Dynamics, by Charles Turner. University Press of America, 2005. Taking Charge: Native American Self-Determination and Federal Indian Policy, 1975-1993. George Pierre Castile. University of Arizona Press, 2006. Why has there been so little social science research trying to explain recent changes in Federal Indian policy, particularly given the dramatic shifts of the last 40 years? Since 1970 the previous policy of termination gave way to an evolving selfdetermination policy, a dramatically expanded role for tribal governments, and the emergence of large scale Indian gaming. Even with these striking changes - and the expansion of Indian affairs as a policy area – there have been only a handful of social science analyses of the Indian policy domain (most notably Gross 1989). Much recent scholarship in the area has been primarily descriptive or interpretive (Castile 1992, Bee 1992), with research commonly driven by area expertise rather than guided by policy related theory. In his nuanced and theoretically-driven account, Charles Turner argues that Indian policy, like many other areas, is a "minor concern" to both policymakers and policy analysts. As such, Indian policy often doesn't fit the conditions or provide the variables featured by main theoretical approaches to explaining policy outcomes more generally. Unlike...
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...Dave Madsen JGRD 915: Mass Communication Theory Dr. Linda Shipley Final Paper Dec. 14, 2009 Discovering Methods of Communication Use in Ord, Nebraska In a recent editorial opinion column in the Sioux City (Iowa) Journal, Editor Mitch Pugh wrote “We are becoming a nation that only wants to consume news that perpetuates or supports our own tightly held beliefs. I’m not sure I quite understand how that line of thinking contributes anything to a society that used to value open and fair-minded debate and learned from absorbing diverse viewpoints.” (Pugh) If you actually asked people about their news consumption practices, would they agree with that sentiment? Would the residents of a particular small town in Nebraska be able to determine if any commonly held beliefs might be determined by the selection of a specific type or style of media? These are just some of the questions that arise when evaluating the results of just such a research project. During the month of October, 2009, students of Dr. Linda Shipley’s Mass Communication Theory class at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, conducted interviews with 33 residents of the small town of Ord, Nebraska. The purposes of the survey were: 1) To measure the use of media by the people of Ord. Specifically, how do they gather information about Ord and how do they disseminate information about Ord? 2) To measure their opinions about living in Ord. The interviews were conducted by telephone, with each of the eleven...
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...were envisioned by the Founding Fathers continue to flourish to this day. A pessimistic individual on the other hand may easily point out that the current political climate exemplifies the decline of civic responsibility, and ultimately, the decline of democratic rule. In Washington, politicians are split along partisan lines, battling one another on decisive and controversial issues such as raising the debt limit, balancing the budget, and health care reform. While politicians carefully calculate the potential consequences of their decisions, the same battles are being waged ferociously on other fronts by the media and other self-interested groups. Ultimately, the results of these policy decisions depend on which party could convince the American public of what is in their best collective interest. This is precisely the nature of politics and democracy, and neither one is always fair. In a world where interest groups and lobbies have tremendous sway and influence over those in power, and when media reporting of the issues lacks fairness and accuracy, it should be the citizen's duty and responsibility to ensure that they are politically aware and civically engaged. This paper will argue that an informed citizenry is necessary to the proper functioning of the American political system. Decreasing levels of political knowledge amongst citizens and the manipulation of the facts by the media obfuscate the important issues that affect the public good, while preventing democracy from flourishing...
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...effects of the radio broadcast as compared to others. What they found out was that those who were not frightened were not suggestible because they displayed what psychologists called a ???critical faculty??? (pg. 589). The lack of critical faculty was the lack of the ability to create a framework in which to check if the information were true. People who lacked critical faculty included those in the lower income bracket or educational level, as they would have considerably limited sources of information to refer to (pg. 582). Radio was the most accessible media for them and would be a reason why they seemed to exhibit the most panic. The psychologists behind this paper could be likened to early communication researchers who delved into the mind in order to better understand ones behaviors. They performed standard research methodology including interviewing 135 persons as their sample size, and created a working framework of four psychological conditions in which to classify people???s behaviors. This was in a sense an early study of media effects on society. There seems to be a natural call to study the effects of media that was considered new to the time. Be it radio, motion picture, television, people do realize that the introduction of ???new??? media creates some kind...
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...should be reassuring. Nevertheless, there are hard-core believers among activists and scientists who do not miss an opportunity to promote a contrary view. Last October Italy’s Supreme Court ruled that a business executive’s brain tumor was linked to his heavy use of a mobile phone. In support of its judgment, the court cited studies by a single group in Sweden, which stand out from the totality of studies on the question. And this past week, The Scientist carried a vehement opinion piece entitled “Scientific Peer Review in Crisis” attacking the BMJ (British Medical Journal) for publishing a large Danish study that found no association between cell phone use and cancer. The author of the piece, Dariusz Leszczynski, is a research professor at the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority in Finland. He cited flaws in the design of the study that render any conclusions meaningless and asked whether the study passed peer review due to incompetence of the reviewers and editors or due to conflicts-of-interest among the former. He went on to call for retraction of the paper by the journal as well as for an investigation into how the paper passed peer review. And in the penultimate sentence he alleged that the original study received funding from “a Danish phone company,” implying that the study’s failure to find an association between cell phone use and brain tumors was influenced by financial interests, although no such funding was declared in the published...
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...Political Economy of Fiscal Policy: A Look into Bangladesh Case Content * Aim of the Paper * Concepts on Fiscal Policy * Fiscal Policy: Definition and its Role in the Economy * Fiscal Policy in the Developing World * A Brief Overview of Political Economy * Approaches to Fiscal Politics * Characteristics of Fiscal Policy in Bangladesh * Political Culture in Bangladesh and Effect on the Economy * References Aim of the Paper * To analyze how political variables affect the fiscal policy decision making process and study the political process and culture and the institutional constraints in context of Bangladesh to see the effect they have on the fiscal decision making * The research will be conducted through literature review and interview and based on the data between 1972 to 2012. Fiscal Policy: Definition and its Role on the Economy * Fiscal policy – essentially a budget policy encompassing all measures pertaining to the level and structure of government’s financial operations - public revenue, public borrowing and public expenditure . * It seeks to influence the aggregate demand curve through conscious setting of spending and taxation by government policymakers. Politics invariably affects the decision making process. * Basic goals of fiscal policy: * Attain full employment level of equilibrium * Maintain full employment once it is attained *...
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...evidence and recognition on the powerful and corrosive effects of inequality on economic growth, poverty, social mobility and political cohesion. This paper finds that the real and potential impacts of inequality in relation to economic growth, poverty, social mobility, social stability and cohesion. KEYWORDS: Inequality, Economic Growth, Poverty, Social Mobility, Political Cohesion, Gender I. INTRODUCTION In relation to the worldwide gender gap, in so far as inequality also exist in political imbalance in the Philippines distinguished through the partisan move of a party, wherein, such intent, policies and term of their advocacy is their ultimate road map and reluctantly to engage in the opponent’s adherence. Colonial mindset, attributable to the Spanish era wherein their colonial stay in the country portrays the strictness and conservative ways in precluding to whom or to which is one’s belief will end up to, and upon the continuance of the American regime, where westernized ways has gotten in the minds of the Filipinos, that every choice of an American decision draws correct conclusion. Power and wealth elites also provides for the conclusiveness of a political group. Combining all these three key points will brings us the inequality on political cohesion. Thus, in this sense, we tackle how to understand and deduce this paper that is purposely created to elaborate and enhance balance by means of gender. Gender, a usual question as to whether the person is a boy or a...
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...Statutory Law 2. Courts/Judges- Set precedent by ruling: Common Law 3. Executive Branch: bureaucracy/administrative agency Administrative Law 4. Constitutional Law 9/4/15 Constitutional law-makes rules for govt Has gone largely unchanged Blueprint Creates and limits govt Fundamental law that sets up rules for how other kinds of laws can be made What isn’t in the Constitution? Democracy Separation of church and state Right to privacy Right to education One-person one vote Political parties God Articles of Confederation -1777 Loose association States retain sovereignty One house Congress Every state one vote Needed 9 to pass Couldn’t tax Problems Congress little power No taxes State sovereignty Own paper money States could sign foreign treaties No natl army No executive No national courts Shays Rebellion Final spark for constitutional convention Constitutional Convention Philly 1787 Signed in Sept 39 out of 55 delegates Undemocratic Elements Slavery: 3/5ths compromise, no ban on slave trade till 1808 Fugitive Slave clause article IV, fed govt helps slates put down insurrections Senators chosen by state legislators No right to suffrage. Qualifications left to states President chosen by electors selected by state legislators Representation in Senate Ratification 9th State (NH) signed in 1788 Ri didn’t agree til 1790 Ny refused until bill of rights promised 9/9/15 Article I Creates Congress Makes laws House...
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...Johnathan Kennedy WorldLit Monday,Wednesday 8:30pm-9:45pm Research Paper #2 May 25, 2016 Autobiographical of James Baldwin The depleting endlessly of James Baldwin's enchantment was a dramatization quite examined in the years paving the way to his passing in 1987 at the age of sixty-three. There had been the primary demonstration of waif in Harlem, artistic drifter in Paris, and avenging blessed messenger of the Freedom Summer, when his lifted up voice caught the strain of a country went up against by what resembled a decision amongst respecting and selling out its goals of social equity. The articles, books, and short stories had accompanied all the power of reason and splendor of dialect any youthful author could seek after. At that point...
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...Chapter 6 The media, government accountability, and citizen engagement Katrin Voltmer The past two decades or so have seen an unprecedented spread of democracy around the globe. With the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 and the end of the Cold War, the ‘third wave’ of democratization, which started in the early seventies, now encompasses countries in Asia and Africa.1 And even in states whose governments continue to resist a more open and participatory form of governance, such as North Korea, Burma or Zimbabwe, the idea of democracy is a powerful force that inspires people to take on a more active role in public life. However, many of the newly emerging democracies seem to fall short of some, often many, of the basic standards that define democratic rule, with irregular voting procedures, corruption, inefficiency and autocratic styles of government being but a few of the maladies. In addition, as many of the newly emerging democracies belong to the developing world, inequality and poverty remain severe obstacles to full self‐determination of the people. The experiences of the past decades have shown that democracy is not a one‐way road and that a viable democracy requires more than the implementation of the key institutions of government. Rather, an accountable and efficient government is embedded in a complex web of interdependent conditions that ...
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...Persuasive Research Paper 1 Final Project: Persuasive Research Paper Axia College of University of Phoenix Cliff Cook Final Project: Persuasive Research Paper Com 220 April 11, 2010 Final Project: Persuasive Research Paper 2 Illegal immigration is one of the most controversial issues in today’s society. It is a major topic in many political debates, and one cannot read a newspaper or watch the evening news without eventually coming across a story about it. With all of the commotion surrounding illegal immigration, it is no surprise that many American citizens are concerned about how much it will affect their lives. The exact impact of illegal immigration is impossible to measure due to the fact that the majority of illegal immigrants are undocumented. However, it is clear that it has both negative and positive impacts on the American workforce. Whether or not one past outweighs the other is a personal opinion, but the only way to make an informed decision is to know the facts from both sides of the argument. This research report will discuss both the negative and positive impacts that illegal immigration has on the American economy, but will begin by giving a brief background on illegal immigration. [pic] Final Project: Persuasive Research Paper 3 Background ...
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...Vanessa Dixon MPH-5104 February 15, 2014 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Overview In order to draw guests into our restaurant, Infinity will market its brand through a variety of strategies. Our marketing strategies hold two purposes: to draw in first time guests which in turn will possibly establish a large base of returning guests, which will accomplish our main agenda creating income for our local public health department HIV/AIDS program. We will utilized cost effective approaches that include social media marketing, flyers and promotional materials, merchandise giveaways, and product discounts. In addition, our company will incorporate several relationship based marketing efforts to continuously...
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